1、- 寫作篇,大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試,一：四、六級(jí)寫作要求,大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試作文的目的旨在考核學(xué)生英語書面表達(dá)的能力。作文考試時(shí)間為30分鐘, 要求寫出不少于120/150個(gè)詞的短文。四、六級(jí)考試作文的出題方式有：給出提綱作文(68.4% )，看圖畫或圖表作文(21%) ，根據(jù)所給文章（英文或中文）寫出文章摘要或大意，等?？荚嚨淖魑膬?nèi)容為社會(huì)、文化或日常生活的一般常識(shí)，不涉及知識(shí)面過廣、專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的內(nèi)容。對(duì)作文的要求是：切題，文理通順，表達(dá)正確，意思連貫，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。,(一) 作文評(píng)分原則,CET作文題采用總體評(píng)分（Global Scoring）方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分(Rewa

2、rd Scores),而不是按語言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。 從內(nèi)容和語言兩個(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體，作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達(dá)。要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而確切地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語言上的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。,(二) 作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),1. 滿分為15分。 2.閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等: 2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣卷一至二份。 3. 閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照樣卷評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)（如8分）相似，即定為該分?jǐn)?shù)（即8分），若認(rèn)為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)，即可加一分（即9分）或減一分（即7分），但不得加或減半

3、分。,4. 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：,2分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 5分基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。 8分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 11分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯(cuò)誤。 14分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；旧蠠o語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。 注: 白卷, 作文與題目毫不相關(guān), 或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想,則給0分。,新四、六級(jí)寫作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分換算： 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分=得分*10*0.15 得分檔： 33 39 45 57 67 71,1) 內(nèi)容切題。審

4、題準(zhǔn)、不跑題。文不對(duì)題會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響成績(jī)，導(dǎo)致寫作失敗。 2) 表達(dá)清楚。語言要簡(jiǎn)潔、準(zhǔn)確，條理清楚；主題明確。 3) 意義連貫。遣詞造句得當(dāng)，表達(dá)連貫平穩(wěn)。論點(diǎn)論據(jù)展開合理（以因果，對(duì)比，分類，定義，列舉，概括，詳情，時(shí)間，空間，過程或綜合等方法展開）。,5、結(jié)論,4) 句式有變化。采用適當(dāng)?shù)木涫絹肀磉_(dá)相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。常用句式包括: 簡(jiǎn)單句；并列句；復(fù)合句；主被動(dòng)句；長(zhǎng)句；短句；否定句；雙重否定句；疑問句；反問句；倒裝句；強(qiáng)調(diào)句；插入句；獨(dú)立主格成分等。,適當(dāng)用被動(dòng)代替主動(dòng)，這樣能更客觀的反 映事實(shí), 句子開頭不要總是用we / I 。,eg. We should pay attention to

5、this problem.,Attention should be paid to this problem.,Youd better say,善于使用插入語，比如說把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語放在中間，一般放在主語、動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。,例如：however / therefore / for example / I believe 做插入語放在中間，一般放在動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。,eg. Other individuals, however, take the attitude that ,5) 用詞有變化。避免重復(fù)使用同一詞匯，可適當(dāng)使用代詞；同義詞；近義詞；關(guān)

6、聯(lián)詞；使表達(dá)富有動(dòng)感。同義詞的使用是衡量考生語言運(yùn)用能力的 一個(gè)尺度。（考試中一般不要出現(xiàn)good, bad , many, thing, think, people, opinion 等等）,eg. Many people think we should study hard.,A vast majority of college students take it for granted that study should be taken seriously.,Youd better say,6) 語言規(guī)范。符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，語法錯(cuò)誤少，寫出的英語不是中式英語。巧用心思，套用經(jīng)典句型。利

7、用經(jīng)典句型組裝一些長(zhǎng)句子、靚句子和復(fù)雜句子對(duì)作文高分非常有幫助。比如作文開頭常用句型：It is undoubted that ; there is no doubt that; undoubtedly, there is; It is beyond doubt that .,二：作文樣文分析,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 wo

8、rds, and base your composition in the chart and the outline given below. (2002年6月真題) 上圖所示為1990年、1995年、2000年某校大學(xué)生使用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變化； 請(qǐng)說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說明）； 你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問題。,Student Use of Computers,Students tend to spend more time on using computers nowadays. Reading this chart,

9、we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours, and in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours. Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are

10、several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lowe

11、r, which enables more students to purchase them. However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of- date designs and so on. And how to balance the time between using computers and studying is also a serious problem. Anyway, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use

12、 them properly. （170 words）,14 points (Students tend to spend more time on using computers nowadays). Reading this chart, we can find that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almo

13、st 4 hours, and in 2000, the number soared to 20 hours. (Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular). There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. Also, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can ea

14、sily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them. However, there still exist some problems, such as, poor quality, out-of- date designs and so on. And how to balance the time be

15、tween using computers and studying is also a serious problem. Anyway, we will benefit a lot from computers as long as we use them properly. （170 words）,As the chart shows: from year 1990, the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has been sharply increased. In 1990, stude

16、nts only spend less than 2 hours on computer work while they spend almost 20 hours on it per week now. That means computer plays a more important role in our daily life than ever before. Why has computer become so popular? The reasons depend on many things. Firstly, computer has been greatly improve

17、d these years. It can do many works. Secondly, it has become cheaper and cheaper so that most students can afford it. Thirdly, computers are used in many area, from factory to companies, from hospitals to schools, so we should grasp how to use computers. Also there are many problems for us in using

18、computer. For instance, some students spent too much time on playing pc games that would affect their study. So we should learn not only how to use computer but also how to use it properly. (168 words),11 points As the chart shows: from year 1990, the average number of hours a student spends on the

19、computer per week has been sharply increased. In 1990, students only spend less than 2 hours on computer work while they spend almost 20 hours on it per week now. That means computer plays a more important role in our daily life than ever before. Why has computer become so popular? The reasons depen

20、d on many things. Firstly, computer has been greatly improved these years. It can do many works. Secondly, it has become cheaper and cheaper so that most students can afford it. Thirdly, computers are used in many area, from factory to companies, from hospitals to schools, so we should grasp how to

21、use computers. Also there are many problems for us in using computer. For instance, some students spent too much time on playing pc games that would affect their study. So we should learn not only how to use computer but also how to use it properly. (168 words),With the development of the society, w

22、e are happy to see the number of students use computers is increasing. In 1990, the number of hours a student spends on the computer per week only 2 hours. But in 2000, more and more students use computers for their life and subjects. They can reading, learning, play video games from the computers.

23、The computer also can help them to solve more and more difficulties, save so much time. What is the reason that more and more students use computers? Firstly, our country become more and more modern, the computer can make a great use of development. Secondly, the size of computer is smaller than bef

24、ore. Its convenient. And the prices is also cheaper than before. But in some universities, the computers are not permited to the dormitories, so the students have to go to the computer house beside their school when they need do something with the computer. Above all, the computers are more and more

25、 convenient to students. (169 words),8 points With the development of the society, we are happy to see the number of students use computers is increasing. In 1990, the number of hours a student spends on the computer per week only 2 hours. But in 2000, more and more students use computers for their

26、life and subjects. They can reading, learning, play video games from the computers. The computer also can help them to solve more and more difficulties, save so much time. What is the reason that more and more students use computers? Firstly, our country become more and more modern, the computer can

27、 make a great use of development. Secondly, the size of computer is smaller than before. Its convenient. And the prices is also cheaper than before. But in some universities, the computers are not permited to the dormitories, so the students have to go to the computer house beside their school when

28、they need do something with the computer. Above all, the computers are more and more convenient to students. (169 words),5 points Computers are popular with students. Students spend much time using computers than before. The station of average numbers of hours a student spends on the computer per we

29、ek shows it. In 1990, student spend about two hours on the computer. But in 1995, hours increase two. Now in 2000, student spend about 20 hours per week. Student spend much more time on the computer per week in 2000 than in 1990. Computers are used widely ways. And with the development of city, the

30、price of computer is lower than before. Now, Most of students have computer. So they can use computer not only at school but also at home. In spite of student spend much time on the computer. But it isnt very good. Students have some trouble on the computer. Most of school use computer playing games. It is very bad for student. They need mu