1、專四語法總結及練習,虛擬語氣,二 虛擬語氣,1.主從句謂語動詞的時態(tài) (1)掌握主從句謂語動詞的規(guī)范搭配:,Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand ? (04年) 與過去事實相反 All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd people there.（00年）與過去事實相反,(2)區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時間概念： 主從句

2、謂語動詞所指時間不同，這叫做錯綜時間條件句，動詞形式應根據(jù)實際情況來調整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句與過去事實相反) If I were you, I

3、wouldnt have missed the film last night.,(3)識別事實和假設混合句： Your maths instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子前半部分為假設情況，而“父母病了”是事實) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible

4、, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分為假設，后半部分是事實),2.名詞性從句的虛擬形式 名詞性從句是指賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從句的謂語動詞需用(should+)動詞原形表示虛擬?？忌鷳煜ぃ?(1)下列動詞做謂語時，that賓語從句中的動詞用虛擬形式： desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urg

5、e, vote。如： In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home. I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.,(2)下列形容詞和分詞做表語或補語時，that主語從句中動詞用虛擬形式： advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necess

6、ary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested。如： The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.,真題舉例

7、： It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65) It is imperative that the government attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) The opening ceremony is great occasion. It is essential for us to be prepared for that.,(3)下

8、列名詞接同位語從句或表語從句時，從句中動詞用虛擬形式： insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如： John Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence

9、that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.,3.含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語動詞形式 含蓄虛擬語氣是指假設條件不通過if從句表達，而是暗含在其他結構中?？忌鷳煜ぃ?(1)連詞but, but that, or, or else；副詞otherwise, unfortunately等表示轉折假設。如： A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was ne

10、ver done. Victor obviously doesnt know whats happened; otherwise he wouldnt have made such a stupid remark.,(2)介詞短語暗含假設條件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。如： But for your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.（94年） (3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plan

11、n 或was/were +不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished +不定式一般式暗示虛擬語氣。如： I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time. (4)情態(tài)動詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣。如： I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didnt.,注意：would rather 接動詞原形，指現(xiàn)或將來時間，表示一種主觀愿望 Id rather do it today. 接不定式完成式表示過去的

12、某種選擇不恰當。 Id rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip. 接從句，用虛擬語氣，為一般過去式，表示現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望，用過去完成時，表示一個過去的愿望。 Id rather you paid the money yourself.(現(xiàn)在） I would sooner she painted the wall green next time.(將來） I d rather she hadnt done that. （過去）,4.常用虛擬形式的句型 (1)從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式表示虛擬的句型： would rat

13、her would as soon as though suppose had better would sooner as if supposing If only It is (high) time that(從句中動詞只用過去式) Its high time we stopped cutting down the rainforests.(06,54),(2)If it were not for (與現(xiàn)在事實相反) If it had not been for (與過去事實相反) 相當于but for。如： If it had not been for his help (= but f

14、or his help), we would not have succeeded. (3)If only謂語動詞視情況選用適當?shù)男问?。如?If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. If only the patient had received a different treatment instead of using antibiotics, he might still be alive now. (07,54) If only I

15、 could play the guitar as well as you!(06年),(4)lest/for fear that/in case 從句謂語用(should+)動詞原形。如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (5)whetheror有時謂語用be的原形，引導讓步虛擬從句，這種用法經常采用倒裝結構。如： Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islam

16、ic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.,讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣,Though, if, even if, even though, whatever, however, granted that 等連接代詞或副詞引導的讓步狀語從句中可以使用虛擬語氣，但是主句一般用直陳語氣。 Eg: However dangerous it might be, I would have a try. We wont

17、change our plan even if the rumor be true.,1、If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being usedD. using A 虛擬條件句從時間上又分為與現(xiàn)在事實相反，與過去事實相反，與將來事實可能相反三種情況。表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的，if從句用過去式，主句用would（或could ,should ,might）加原形動詞。與過去事實相反的，if從句用過去完成時，主句用w

18、ould（或could ,should ,might）+have done結構。與將來事實可能相反的，if 從句用should （或were to ）加動詞原形，主句用would加動詞原形。,2、Had the weather been good, the children _ out for a walk.A. had goneB. could have goneC. would goD. went B與過去的事實相反。當if從句中含有were, had, should這三個詞時，if可以省略，主謂倒裝。,3.The generals command was that the soldier

19、s _ their fort and carry out more important task.A. would leaveB. leaveC. leftD. have left B suggest （suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise （advice）demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在這些從句中，謂語形式為should加動詞原形，should可以省略,4. Its desired that she _ to teach us at leas

20、t twice a week.A. comesB. will comC. comeD. may come C 在It is desired （或desirable）, It is important等結構后面的主語從句中，動詞用原形或should+原形動詞。,5. I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. comeB. would comeC. cameD. have come C would rather 后面的從句中，動詞用過去式。,6. He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have know B 在as if/though后邊的方式狀語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或對現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，動詞用過去式；如果表示的是想象中的過去的動作，用過去完成時。本句表示對現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑。,7. Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college。A. could studyB. studiedC. had studiedD. would study C