1、被動(dòng)語態(tài),語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語和動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。 英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,英語語態(tài),表格：被動(dòng)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu),am/is/are + done,was/were + done,am/is/are being + done,was/were being + done,shall/will be + done,would be + done,have/has been + done,had been + done

2、,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是必須背下來的。 結(jié)構(gòu)為 ： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 The basket can be carried by him.,一：英語的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài),We speak English.,主語,謂語,賓語,English is spoken by us.,主語,謂語,賓語,賓變主,主變賓,前加by“被” (若動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該by短語)。,主動(dòng)語態(tài),被動(dòng)語態(tài),主變被解題步驟:,1. 找賓語 -即動(dòng)作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).,are we

3、re,3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).,4. 修改謂語的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞,made,5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+ 賓語.,by them.,Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,4Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good

4、 care of by Aby. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞,介詞一定不能丟掉！,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten

5、 days. 一般將來時(shí)： S+ will+be+過去分詞,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have

6、 been made by us. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）,七嘴八舌,3. His doctor made him have on

7、ly two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 4.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,使讓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后面要接to do. 即：make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,5.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the compu

8、ter. 6.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,7.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 8.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)

9、中要注意的問題,在上面我們已經(jīng)初步了解了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的方法。下面 我們接著學(xué)習(xí)在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要注意的問題。 一些使役動(dòng)詞(let, have, make等)或感觀動(dòng)詞(see, hear, watch, notice等)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中后面接的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要 補(bǔ)上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen t

10、o enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意當(dāng)使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，doing保持不變。如： I saw him going i

11、nto the shop.(主動(dòng)) He was seen going into the shop.(被動(dòng)),使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語態(tài)對(duì)照表,把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài) His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10. He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10.,1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)介詞固定搭配不能省略。 He has thought of a way of solving the problem.,What happened ? (對(duì)） Wh

12、at was happened ? （錯(cuò)）,A way of solving the problem has been thought of.,2.happen/ take place/ arrive/ become/ die等 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài),3.帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞give /send/bring/ take/teach/show/ tell/ make/ sing/ write/ sell/buy/ ask/ pay/ borrow/ lend變被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種方法：,（2）=The book has been given to him.,（1）=He has been given th

13、e book.,I have given him the book.,表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞+adj./n.,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。,5) 表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞+adj,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,.) The steel feels cold This kind of cloth feels soft. That dog looks dangerous.,表示主語的屬性特征的動(dòng)詞+副詞well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義,6) 表示主語的屬性特征的動(dòng)詞+副詞well/ badly

14、/easily/smoothly,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。 (read,write,set,sell,wash, clean, wear, open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,.) The pen writes smoothly The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The book sells well. This shirt will wear very long. The floor doesnt clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more quickly tha

15、n that kind.,帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞主要有以下幾個(gè)：,give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send等帶雙賓語 的動(dòng)詞，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，當(dāng)用直接賓語作主語時(shí)，要根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的習(xí) 慣配搭、要在間接賓語前補(bǔ)上介詞to或for. give sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sth sell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sth bring sth to sb=bring sb sthmake sth for sb=make

16、sb sth hand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sth keep sth for sb=keep sb sthsend sth to sb=send sb sth 例： He passed me some paper.(主動(dòng)) Some paper was passed to me by him.（被動(dòng)） You must keep some fruit for him.(主動(dòng)) Some fruit must be kept for him.（被動(dòng)）,Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.,is grown,is spoken,is used,is cleaned,are ma