1、高中英語語法之情態(tài)動詞,Modal Verb,can could may might shall should must will would ought to,have to dare need used to,We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Ability （能力） 2. Obligation （義務） 3. Certainty （可能性） 4. Permission （允許） 5. Make requests（提出請求） 6. Make suggestions（提出建議） 7. Make offers（提供幫助） 8. Give advice（提

2、出意見),高考熱點：,1.推測可能性 2.情態(tài)動詞+have done 結構 3.shall,should, can 和must 表特定語氣,應試策略：,1.掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本用法特征 2.仔細體會句子語境，不放過任何細節(jié) 3.通過實戰(zhàn)練兵，確保精通,考點一 Ability (能力):,Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.,備考清單,can, could, be able to, was/were able to, could have done,1. can 一般表示與生俱來的能力.,Man can not liv

3、e without air.,He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course speak English quite well.,will be able to 用來表示將來的能力,If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem.,Attention:,can/be able to區(qū)別:,Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵) chickens while he was not able t

4、o.,can表示與生俱來的能力或一種客觀可能，而be able to更加強調通過后天的學習和努力獲得的能力，或者在某個客觀的場合和背景下，能做到的事情。,Attention:,can/be able to區(qū)別:,A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.,was able to,2. She _ speak both English and French.,can,2.表過去的能力時，could表示過去一般的能力，即不表示是否做成某事；was/were abl

5、e to 表示過去有能力并且成功地做了某事，相當于managed to do something/succeeded in doing something; could have done 表示過去有能力做但未作。,She could /was able to sing like an angel when she was a child. （一般的能力）,I could have worked out the problem, but I didnt. （過去有能力但未做）,Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.,Althou

6、gh the chance of winning a medal is small, Ill try my best!,考點二. Certainty (可能性) :,Attention:,might,should,must,may,could,ought to,will,1.He _ be at home.,2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 10 seconds ago.,A.may B.might C.must,A.may B.might C.must,can,1.表示推測的情態(tài)動詞層次比較,2.肯定句中，can 可

7、以表示客觀的（理論的）可能性，并不涉及具體某時是否會發(fā)生，此種用法常?？梢哉f明人或事物的特征；要表達具體某事實際發(fā)生的可能性時不可用can ,須用could, may ,might.,A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a railway station.,行李寄存處是在車站人們可以短期存放行李的地方。（客觀的可能性）,Accidents can happen on such rainy days.,這樣的天氣可能會發(fā)生事故。 （客觀的可能性）,We may go camping next Sunday.,下星

8、期我們可能野營去。（實際可能性）,Peter may come with us tonight , but he isnt sure yet.,彼得今晚可能來我們這兒，但他還沒確定。(實際可能性，不能用can),表示推測,一定，肯定 must 一定不，不可能cant, couldnt 可能肯定句 may ,might ,could 否定句 may might not 疑問句 can ,could do sth.表示現(xiàn)在 be doing 表示正在發(fā)生的動作 have done表示過去發(fā)生的動作,都可以 +,He must have a car now.,.must表示推測時，可以推測現(xiàn)在/正在

9、發(fā)生的動作/過去發(fā)生的動作。他一定有一輛車 他一定在教室里做練習。 他一定已完成了工作,He must have finished the work.,He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.,一定不，不可能 cant couldnt He cant be at home. He couldnt have said such a thing . 他們一定不在圖書館讀書。 約翰是很聰明的，他應該不會叫他兒子那樣做。,They cant be reading in the library.,John is very clever . He c

10、annot have told his son to do that .,可能肯定句 could , may ,might 否定句may might not（可能不） 疑問句 can ,could 肯定句 These students may / might have seen the film before. 否定句 The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. 這個男孩可能沒在家看電視,He may / might be sleeping now,疑問句 How could he have forgotten such an importa

11、nt thing?這么重要的事他怎么能忘了呢？ Its so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪兒了呢？ Can you have left the watch at home?你會不會把表丟在家里呢？,1. I thought you_ like something to read. So I have brought you some books.A. ought B. might C. could D. must 2. That man must be Sarahs husband.-No, he_ be her husband. She i

12、s still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ought to 3. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will,May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal?,考點三. 表請求、許可,Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示，此外此種用法還可用May/might/can/could I-?等句型；當主語是第二人稱時，用Would/will/could/can you

13、-? 1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you?,shall:,2.Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。,You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished according to the rule. 等我讀完這本書，就會給他的。,He shall have the book when I finish it.,警告,

14、威脅,允諾,考點四. “情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法,（1）must have done對過去某事的十分肯定猜測 （2）may/might have done對過去某事的可能性猜測 （3）cant/couldnt have done對過去某事的否定猜測 （4）should/ought to have done過去應該做而未做 （5）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 過去不應該做而實際上做了 （6）neednt have done 本沒有必要做的事實際卻做了 （7）could have done 本來能夠做的（有能力做）事實際卻未做到,Practice,With

15、 so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have gone C. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone,2. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried,Practice,3. I saw Mary in the library yesterday. -Y

16、ou_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see,4. Aunt Mary_the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss,考點五. 情態(tài)動詞表示各種語氣,1.must 用于指偏要，硬要（指做令人不快的事）等語氣。 The car must break d

17、own just when we were about to start off. 我們正要出發(fā)車子偏偏壞了。 Must you shout so loudly? 干嗎要叫那么大？,2.Can 可用表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度（主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中）,Can this be an excuse for not giving them help? 這難道能成為你不幫他們的理由嗎？ No, no, this cant be true. 不，不，這不可能是事實。 How can you be so careless! 你怎么這樣粗心！,3.may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。,May you s

18、ucceed.,May you be happy all your life.,4 should表示意外或驚訝 常譯為 “居然，竟然”。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信這樣一個紳士居然對老人如此無禮。,考點六. 其他用法,1.表示“寧愿做某事”時，可使用下面這些句式： would rather do sth. would rather do sth. than do sth. woud do sth. rather than do sth. would rather sb. did sth.

19、 prefer to do sth. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.,2.used to 和would 的區(qū)別 used to 強調過去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對比，含有“過去怎樣，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的含義；而would則表示單純過去的習慣動作，常與often, every day 等連用。,He used to be a very strong man. 他以前是一個身體很強壯的人。（不可用would,言下之意是:現(xiàn)在體質差多了） She isnt what she used to be. 她跟

20、過去不一樣了。（表示對比，不可用would） We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.我們每天晚上坐在院子里，聽他講故事（表示過去的重復行為）,3.Can not-too/enough - 表示“無論怎么-也不過分-”，“越-越好,You cant be too careful. 你越小心越好。 You can not remember enough English words. 你記的英語單詞越多越好,can not but + do sth. 表示“不得不，只好”。,I cannot but admire

21、 your bravery. 我不得不佩服你的勇氣,4.might (just) as well “只好”,Our holidays were ruined by the weather；we might just as well have stayed at home!,Thank you,過關落實 1.Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be，but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B.would C.should D.must 解析：should譯為“應該”，含有批評

22、的語氣。 答案：C,2.What does the sign over there read? “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” A.will B.may C.shall D.must 解析：shall表示按法律，規(guī)則等條文規(guī)定“必須”。 答案：C 3.She looks very happy.She _ have passed the exam. I guess so.Its not difficult after all. A.should B.could C.must

23、D.might 解析：must have done表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯為“肯定 發(fā)生過某事”。 答案：C,4.Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put 解析：might have done表示對過去事情的不太肯定的推測，譯 為“或許發(fā)生過某事”。 答案：D 5.The teacher _ have thought Johnson was

24、worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him，I suppose. A.should B.can C.would D.must 解析：must have done表示對過去事情的肯定推測。 答案：D,6.My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where _ I have put it? A.can B.must C.should D.would 解析：在否定和疑問句中只能用can表推測。 答案：A 7.My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. A.would

25、nt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt 解析：shouldnt have done表示本不應該做某事但實際上卻做 了，含有責備的語氣。 答案：C,8.The biggest problem for most plants，which _ just get up and run away when threatened，is that animals like to eat them. A.shant B.cant C.neednt D.mustnt 解析：根據(jù)上下文的意思應用cant表示能力。 答案：B 9.Theres no light onthey _ be at home. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt 解析：對現(xiàn)在事實的否定猜測，用cant。 答案：A,10.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 解析：此處cant表示不具有某種能力(不會)。 答案：C 11.Dont interrupt me，John._ you force me to tell you the truth at the moment? A.