1、Practical Business Project and Proposal Design實(shí)用商務(wù)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì),Lectured by Wu Qinger,Design your project,What is a project? A project is a planned series of activities carried out in order to achieve some specific objectives in a specific period of time.,Design your project,Your project will be to take a sm

2、all business which you are familiar with, and produce a simple Business Proposal for a small project that could be carried out by the business to make it bigger, better , more profitable, or more efficient.,1. Analysis of the business,(1)The current state of the business,Analysis of the business,Wha

3、t is the main business , where is it located, how big is the business,etc.?,Analysis of the business,(2) Current business analysis.,How is the business going on at present? What is the present state of the business ? Is it making profit now? How big is it now?,(3) Financial performance. How is the f

4、inancial situation of the business,such as the turnover（營(yíng)業(yè)額）, the revenue（收入） and profit expected,(4) Existing problems.,What are the things that need to be improved? What are the major problems is the business now facing? How to make the business develop further?,2. Customers Analysis,What do your

5、customers need and want? Who are your target customers? Why are they your customers?,3. Focus Group,Classified separate groups of a small number of your customers. Each group represents a type of customers. Different groups may have different views and expectations on your project.,3. Focus Group,Qu

6、estionnaire:,You should prepare a number of questions about your business that you want to know the answers to. The questions should be focused on your business. Try to get and list the complaints and suggestions about your business.,4. SWOT Analysis,Strength, weakness, opportunity and threats,4. SW

7、OT Analysis,Strength: What are the things your business good at? What does your business have that makes it strong or better than other similar business.,4. SWOT Analysis,Weakness: What are the things your business is not very good at, what does your business not have, which makes it less successful

8、 than others? What disadvantages does your business suffer from in comparison of others.,4. SWOT Analysis,Opportunities: What are the things which you could do but you dont do at present? What are there that you could make use of to improve or expand your business?,4. SWOT Analysis,Threats: What dan

9、gers are there which might harm your business? What risk to your business is there from your competitors?,5. Planning the activities for your objectives,You should decide on the objectives of your project and plan in detail all the things you will have to do to reach those objectives. SMART: Specifi

10、c（具體）, Measurable（可衡量）, Agreed（能得到各方的贊同）, Realistic（符合實(shí)際） and Time-bound（有明確的時(shí)間表）,Some of the activities should be done before other activities and some of the activities can be happening at the same time. Try to work out the connections between activities and list the activities in the right sequen

11、ce.By arranging the activity sequences and making the critical（關(guān)鍵性的） path with different arrows, you may produce an Activity Flow Chart.,5. Cost Breakdown（成本分析）,Costs can be divided into two major kinds. Initial cost and recurrent（經(jīng)常的） cost.,5. Cost Breakdown,Initial cost includes the preliminary（初步

12、的） costs for your project, such as costs for buying materials for redecoration, the labour cost for redecoration, office equipment, advertising and promotion expenses, registration fees, and so on.,5. Cost Breakdown,Recurrent cost includes annual rental of the premises and the operating budget, such

13、 as employeess wages,equipment maintenance expenses, utilities（公共事務(wù)） expense, consultancy fees, transportation expense, etc.,5. Cost Breakdown,In the end, you have to work out subtotals（小計(jì)） for each category and produce the overall total cost for your project.,6. Stakeholder（厲害關(guān)系方） analysis,One of t

14、he most useful things to do is to carry out a stakeholder analysis to identify the people most concerned with the project. From it you can see if there is any chance that they might cause problems for the project.,Stakeholder analysis,Stakeholders are people, institutions（社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu)） or organizations wh

15、o have an interest in the project being carried out. They can be broadly divided into four groups: clients（當(dāng)事人）, customers, project staff and others.,Stakeholder analysis,Clients may include people who provide the funds or money for the project. This may be yourself, your family, a bank or your shar

16、eholders and the people who want you to carry out the project.,Stakeholder analysis,Customers may include the target recipients of your project.,Project staff may include management team or implementation team.,Stakeholder analysis,Other stakeholder may include the owner of the building in which you

17、r business is located, organizations whose permission or agreement may be needed for your project, and so on.,7.Risk Analysis（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析） and Management（管理、評(píng)估和監(jiān)控）,In designing our project, you have to know that life is rarely perfect and things dont happen exactly as planned.,Risk Analysis and Management,

18、What you need to do is to see what problems might arise and how serious they might be, if there are matters or people which could cause serious delays or even make the project fail. You can plan what you can do in advance to avoid the possible problems.,Risk analysis,You need to look for risks in th

19、e following main areas: People related: Will people do what they are supposed to do? Is there anyone who might cause real problems for the project? Will people be able to do things in the time allowed?,Risk analysis,Time related: Are there any parts of the project where a delay will cause serious pr

20、oblems for the project?,Risk analysis,Product related: Will things supplied to the project be exactly what you want? Is there a danger that there might be faults in the equipment needed for the project? Will everything you want be available?,Risk analysis,Market related, technology related, business

21、 related, etc.,Avoid the risks,After risk analysis you should think of some measures to avoid the risks and set aside a certain percentage of the total budget as contingency（可能性） allowance for the unexpected risks.,8. The Project Framework（框架）,It is a way of setting out all the essential details of

22、a project in an orderly and logical way. It is a key document on which all elements of planning of your project are based.,I. Title（題目） II. Transmittals（報(bào)告?zhèn)鬟_(dá)書(shū)，包括作者姓名、單位、呈送對(duì)象和日期） III. Contents（目錄） IV. Summary（總結(jié)、提要、摘要、概要） V. Introduction（引言、導(dǎo)言、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)、序言） VI. Findings (body)（正文） VII. Conclusions（結(jié)論） VIII.

23、 Recommendations（建議、意見(jiàn)） IX. References（參考資料） X. Appendices（附錄、附件） 格式：所有的報(bào)告必須用同意的格式打印。標(biāo)題采用“word”的三號(hào)字體，正文采用“四號(hào)”字體，.倍行間距，A4紙。,Title: Campus Bookshop Expansion Project Proposal for Bookshop Expansion Submitted to : Mr. Li Feng Director Xiao Yuan Branch Office Bank of Communication Prepared by: Yan yan Secretary Bank of Communication Tel: 84272310 Fax: 84272310 E-mail: Date: June 12, 2002,完成過(guò)程,分為以下四個(gè)階段，12周完成。 第一階段：學(xué)員獨(dú)立通讀教科書(shū)，初步了解商務(wù)項(xiàng)目的選擇與計(jì)劃過(guò)程，以及每個(gè)階段的基本要求，在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下確定商務(wù)項(xiàng)目。,第二階段：按照教材第二、三部分的要求進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析，完成并上交商業(yè)分析、顧客狀況，核心小組訪談、SWOT分析及目標(biāo)分析5項(xiàng)報(bào)告，并與指導(dǎo)教師商討所