1、Unit 1 Great scientists 過去分詞作定語、表語,過去分詞的基本特點(diǎn) ： 1.從語態(tài)上講 ：過去分詞一般表被動 。 2.從時(shí)態(tài)上講 ：過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作 ；,Grammar,一、過去分詞作定語 1、單個的過去分詞作定語時(shí)一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。,eg：a lost animal 一只丟失/迷路的動物 a used stamp 一枚用過的郵票 一個受傷的手指 一枚破損的硬幣 一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭,an injured finger,a broken coin,a lighted candle,注意：過去分詞作定語時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動意義。 e.g. : spok

2、en English written exercises,英語口語,書面練習(xí),少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的 不及物動詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義 fallen leaves the risen sun the developed countries 一個醉鬼 一名退休教師 一名逃跑的囚犯,a drunken man,a retired teacher,an escaped prisoner,落葉,升起來的太陽,發(fā)達(dá)國家,2、過去分詞短語作后置定語，表示被動或完成意義。,e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods! e.g.： I like w

3、earing clothes made of this kind of cloth e.g.：The books written by Mo Yan are popular e.g.： Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago,結(jié)論：以上的短語都帶有過去分詞，這些過去分詞都是充當(dāng)定語，而且我們都可以用定語從句來改寫以上短語。,Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates.,Exercises:把后置定語換成定語從句 1. The girl dresse

4、d in red is my sister. =The girl who is dressed in red is my sister. 2. Father beat the son lost in the on-line games. =Father beat the son who was lost in the on-line games,3.This project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years. =This project , designed by th

5、e Chinese engineers, was constructed in only two years 4. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. =The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.,把定語從句換成后置定語,boiling water boiled water the changing world the changed world the rising sun the

6、risen sun,V-ing 與V-ed 作定語的區(qū)別（2）,正在沸騰的水,已經(jīng)燒開的水,正在發(fā)生變化的世界,已經(jīng)變化了的世界,正在升起的太陽,升起了的太陽,V-ing表動作正在進(jìn)行， V-ed表動作已經(jīng)完成,二 過去分詞作表語 She looked worried. I am interested in the book. He was lost in thought. The door remained locked.,They got married five years ago. The story is exciting. You are excited when you read

7、 it.,_,_,_,過去分詞作？,_,系動詞的分類：,“似乎類”：,“感覺類”：,“變成類”：,“仍然類”：,基本形式：,be( am, is, are),seem, appear, look,feel, sound, smell, taste,become, go, get, grow, fall, turn,remain, continue, stay, keep,有的已成為固定搭配 ： be covered with be lost in thought be caught in the rain be separated from be interested in be absorb

8、ed in,被覆蓋 陷入沉思 被雨淋 從分離 對感興趣 專心致志于,Practice makes perfect!,What he said was _ (encourage). We were _ (encourage) at what he said. The football game is very _ (bore). We were _(bore) at the football game.,V-ing 與V-ed 作表語的區(qū)別,encouraging,encouraged,boring,bored,V-ing 作表語修飾物，翻譯為“令人感到-” V-ed 作表語修飾人，翻譯為“感到

9、-”P(17),As we joined the big crowd , I got _ from my friends A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _ by the hour . A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者；有具體的時(shí)間，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的動作。 標(biāo)志：行為執(zhí)行者由by短語來表示,區(qū)別“（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）”和“（被動結(jié)構(gòu)）”,e.g.：This shop is now closed 這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài)) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday 這家商店每天6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(動作）,A. The library is closed. B. The library is closed at six. C. The library is clos