1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) -定語(yǔ)從句,一、英語(yǔ)句子從結(jié)構(gòu)上看有三種類(lèi)型 1.簡(jiǎn)單句(simple sentence) 2.并列句(Compound Sentence) 3. 復(fù)合句(Complex Sentence),簡(jiǎn)單句的五大基本句型 主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ) Her face turned red with anger. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) You can consider my suggestion. 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+狀語(yǔ) This kind of cloth sells well. 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓 He explained the sentence to us. 主語(yǔ)+ 及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+

2、 賓補(bǔ) He found the work half done.,(2) 并列句: 由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上等立而又相互獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成,兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句由等立連詞連在一起.其結(jié)構(gòu)是:簡(jiǎn)單句+等立連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句 He has studied English for only one year , but he can read and write now. / Keep on and you will make progress. (3) 復(fù)合句: 由一個(gè)主句或幾個(gè)從句構(gòu)成的句子. 從句只用作句子的一個(gè)成分,不能獨(dú)立.根據(jù)從句在句中的作用, 可分為名詞性從句定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句三類(lèi).,從句:是一個(gè)成份,由一個(gè)句

3、子充當(dāng)某個(gè)成份 定語(yǔ): 用于修飾名詞或代詞 He is a physics teacher. Please show me another ticket. Australia is an English-speaking country.,三定語(yǔ)從句:由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)定語(yǔ) 從句的位置: 在名詞或代詞后 先行詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞,關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)詞的作用: (1) 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 (2) 在從句中作一成份 (3) 代替先行詞在從句中的位置,開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋:看誰(shuí)的句子最漂亮? A traveller is a person _. A computer is a machine _. A clock

4、is a machine _. A fridge is a machine _ A tailor is a person _. A beggar is a person _. A teacher is a person _. A nurse is a person _. The panda is a kind of animal _. April 1st is the day _.,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞如何區(qū)別? 1.The reason _ he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. 2. The reason _

5、 he gave us sounded reasonable. 3. Ill never forget the day _ we spent together in Paris. 4. Ill remember the day _ we stayed together at that time. 5. This is the factory _ we visited last year. 6. This is the house _ Lincoln once lived.,Remember : 引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞關(guān)鍵要看他們?cè)趶木渲凶魇裁闯煞荻?或者說(shuō), 假如把先行詞放到從句中是作

6、主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)還是狀語(yǔ)而定.,why,that/which,that/which,when,that/which,where,7. (1) He still lives in the room _ window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city. 8. (1) I will never forget the days _ we studied together. (2) I will never forget the days _ we spent together. 9

7、.(1) The reason _ he didnt come was that he was ill. (2) The reason _ he explained is not true. 10.(1) We will meet at the same place _ we met last month. (2) We will meet at the same place _ we visited last month.,whose,that,where,that,why,that,when,which,Who, that (先行詞為人) 有區(qū)別嗎? 用who不用that 的情況: (1)

8、當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those時(shí) (2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí) He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise more. 2. 用that 不用who的情況: (1)當(dāng)先行詞既是人又是物. (2)當(dāng)句子出現(xiàn)一個(gè)who等. (3) 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí). He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had r

9、emembered there. Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.,Which, that (先行詞為物)有區(qū)別嗎? 只用that 不用which 的情況: 先行詞為much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all 等不定代詞 先行詞既是人又是物 先行詞為形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞 先行詞被the very, the only, the last, any , every, who等修飾時(shí) (5)關(guān)

10、系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí) This is one of the best films that I have ever seen. China is no longer the country that it used to be. All that can be done has been done. He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad. This is the very book that I am looking for. Who that has such a home doesnt love for it

11、?,只能用which的情況: 1.介詞前置時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which(先行詞為物) 2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾某物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)只能用which The machine, which I have looked after for many years, is still working perfectly. She failed the exam, which made her parents very angry. He saw a film, which was about the Long March. My glasses, without which I was like a b

12、lind man, fell to the ground and broke.,Remember: Which 在這兩種情況下即使在句中作賓語(yǔ)也不能省.,介詞+關(guān)系代詞,先行詞為人,關(guān)系代詞用whom;先行詞為物,關(guān)系代詞用which.關(guān)系代詞在介詞后不能用that, 關(guān)系代詞也不能省.如介詞放在句尾,引導(dǎo)詞可用that 或who, 而且可以省去: 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)換:where, when, why =介詞+which,1.This is the reason _ _ he left his hometown. (=why) 2. Ill never forget the day _

13、_ we stayed together. (=when) 3. This is the girl _ _ I learned the news. 4. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 5. Ill show you a store _ _ you may buy all that you need. (=where) 6.I dont like the way _ _ you laughed at her. (=that;),for which,in which,in which,to

14、 whom,from whom,on which,基礎(chǔ)鞏固(Correct mistakes) 1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? 2. This is the very place where we visited many years ago. 3. There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground. 4. English is a subject I am insterested. 5.Can you show me the book which

15、 have been translated into English by Smith?,多詞,主謂不一致,漏介詞,漏引導(dǎo)詞,錯(cuò)用引導(dǎo)詞,定語(yǔ)從句幾種句型歸納: 1.This is the most exciting football match that I have ever seen. 2. I dont like the way in which/ that /不填you laughed at others. 3. It is the third time that you have been late this week. It is the last time that I sha

16、ll give you a lesson. 4. The reason why/ that he didnt attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill. 5. The reason for his failure is that he didnt work hard.,想一想 理一理 學(xué)好定語(yǔ)從句最關(guān)鍵的是什么? 定語(yǔ)從句修飾主句中某個(gè)名詞或代詞,起著相當(dāng)于形容詞(定語(yǔ))的作用,所以也叫形容詞性從句.句子那個(gè)被修飾的詞叫先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后.要學(xué)好定語(yǔ)從句.最關(guān)鍵要掌握以下兩點(diǎn): 1.弄清關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞

17、的區(qū)別:他們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的作用不同.關(guān)系代詞在從句中起名詞的作用,在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ).關(guān)系副詞在從句中起副詞的作用,在從句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ). 2.掌握關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的方法:主要看先行詞(假如放到從句中)在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分、所起的作用。,Conclusion,引 導(dǎo) 詞,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞,who 人 that 物/人 whom 人 which 物 whose 某人/某物的 when 時(shí)間 where 地點(diǎn) why 原因,先行詞為,在定語(yǔ)從句作,主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ),二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句有限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要注意以下幾點(diǎn)（舉例說(shuō)明） 1.His mother, whom he loved dearly, went abroad. 2. This machine, which he has looked after for many years, is still working perfectly. 3. Aqiao, whose parents had died, had to make a living by herself. 4. The family, w