1、Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語氣,英語動詞有 種語氣 陳述語氣 祈使語氣 虛擬語氣,用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不太可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。,三,虛擬語氣的考點 1、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法； 2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝； 3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法； 4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法; 5、虛擬語氣時態(tài)的判定。,I wish I _(be)as tall as you.,were,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day _(be)my birthday.,were,I wish/wished I _( e

2、at ) so much watermelon.,hadnt eaten,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句,表示愿望( wish), wish接賓語從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來：用情態(tài)動詞(would / could) + do,I wish I remembered the address.,我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,How I wish he had not left.,要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）,I wish it would rain tom

3、orrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會下雨）,wish + that How I wish If only,did/were 現(xiàn)在,had done 過去,would / might /would do 將來,虛擬語氣,例句 1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。 3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)。 4. He wished he hadnt done

4、 it. 他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。,虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中,虛擬語氣,if only 意為：若是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài) If only I had arrived in time! If only she didnt drive so fast.,If only (1) 要是就好了 = I wish If only I knew his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time! If only I could see him ag

5、ain next year!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,要是我沒錯過火車就好了.,if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,區(qū)別:,If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved.,If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.,陳述語氣,虛擬語氣,If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .,had

6、 had,would have gone,If he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I how to swim,I trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.,What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won t

7、he lottery, I would,If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.,If I had a lot of money,I would buy a villa.,If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.,If it were fine now,I would go shopping.,If he got up early,he would be on time,虛擬語氣,例句 If you had come a few minutes ear

8、lier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。(與過去事實相反) 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。(與將來事實可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的話，我會馬上走。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反，事實上我不可能是你),虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中,主從句的謂語形式,時間,If 從句的謂語形式,主句的謂語形式,現(xiàn)在,過去,將來,did / were,had done,would/could/sh

9、ould/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should/might + V.(原),If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +動詞原形,If I were you, I would try it again.,1. 如果我是你，我會再試一次。,2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。,If I had one million dollars, I would buy th

10、e plane.,與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句,If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +動詞完成式（have done）,If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.,1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。,If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.,2.要是當(dāng)時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。,與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句,與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語),If he came here tom

11、orrow, I would tell him about it.,If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.,1.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他這件事.,2.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他.,If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +動詞原形,If虛擬句的倒裝,萬一下雨，我們將不得不推遲比 賽。 we will have to put off the sports meet.,In case it rains,In case of rain,If it

12、should rain,Should it rain,如果條件狀語中有were, had, should時, 可以倒裝成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他,Were I you, ,Had he been there yesterday, ,Should it snow tomorrow, ,If I were you, I would try it again.,If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.

13、,如果我是你，我會再試一次。,如果他昨天在那兒的話，他就會看那部電影了。,如果明天下雪，我們就不出去了。,1. _the exam, he would have attend a college.,A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass,2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.,A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you

14、arrive,名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣及幾種虛擬語氣特殊句型,1.表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語氣,一個堅持，兩個命令， 三個建議，四個要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire 這些詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要使用虛擬語氣。 即從句中的動詞使用should + 動詞原形， 或者將should省略。,My demand is that she _ (come) to see me once a we

15、ek. All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (be)closed down. He suggested that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. The proposal that we (go)out for a picnic was warmly welcomed.,(should ) go,(should) come,(should) be,(should ) go,表語從句,同位語從句,賓語從句,同位語從句,We suggest that you (should) be t

16、here on time. = Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time = It is our suggestion that you (should) be there on time. = It is suggested that you (should) be there on time.,注意： 如suggest, insist用于其本意“暗示、 表明“、”堅持認為“時，賓語從句 用陳述語氣。,1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules. 2.

17、He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once. 3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once. 4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.,obey,was,be sent,have,was,虛擬語氣,4.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形 例

18、句 1) Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 2) Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 3) Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。,虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中,主語從句中的虛擬語氣 基本句型： It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (s

19、hould) do It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative It is a pity, a shame, no wonder,考題點擊： 1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takesB. has to takeC. must take D. take 2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. ha

20、s told,D,B,He behaves as if he owned the house.,( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.),He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.,虛擬語氣,6.在as if 從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done). 一、as if (as though) 連接表語從句 she looke

21、d as if she were made of ice. 她看起來似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days. 二、as if 連接讓步狀語從 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。,虛擬語氣在 在 as if 從句中,as if /though + Clause,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 將來 :,did /were(現(xiàn)在),had

22、 done(過去),would+動詞原形(將來),區(qū)別：,He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.陳述語氣,He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA.虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣,Its (high/right) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時或should + do Its time that you left here. It is high time that the children should go to bed,虛擬語氣中的幾個特例,I

23、ts (about/high) time +that -,should +V.,過去時,你該走了。,我們該睡覺了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its (about) time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,虛擬語氣,在would (had) rather(寧愿) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,虛擬語氣中的幾個特例,1. would rather that,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,過去時,過去完成時,過去時,I would ra

24、ther you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,虛擬語氣,4. 一些介詞短語, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否則), in that case(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時主句要用虛擬語氣 Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.,虛擬語氣中的幾個特例,有時為了表達需要,并不總是出現(xiàn) if

25、 引導(dǎo)的條件句,而通過其他手段來代替條件句.,1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _ (take ) part in the sports meet. 2.I _ (give) you more help, but I was too busy. 3.A man who stopped drinking _ (be) dead in seven days. 4.But for water, it _ (be) impossible to live in the desert.,would have taken,might have given,would be

26、,would be,虛擬語氣時態(tài)的判定,注意: 假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句，這時動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。,如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。,If I were you, I would have taken his advice.,從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去,如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會這么糟糕了。,從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在,如果這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進行工作了。,從句表過去進行，主句表現(xiàn)在進行,If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble

27、 now.,If it hadnt been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.,If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你當(dāng)時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。 （從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）,If you hadnt

28、lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借錢給我， 我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。 （從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）,1. 如果過去天氣好的話，現(xiàn)在莊稼長得更好了 If the weather _finer, the crops _still better. 2.如果你聽了老師的建議的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會在醫(yī)院里了 If you _ the teachers ad

29、vice, you _ in the hospital. 3. 如果你身體狀況好一些的話，我們本可能會讓你去幫助他們工作的 If you in better health,we _ you to go there to help their work.,had been,could have allowed,would be growing,had followed,wouldnt be,were,虛擬語氣,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D.

30、 missed 2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met,More Exercises,A,D,虛擬語氣,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sol

31、d C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,B,A,B,虛擬語氣,6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he

32、 _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,C,A,B,虛擬語氣,9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I dont think it is the right time that you

33、 _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,D,B,C,PracticeFinish a writing passage, according to the Chinese given. Jim剛剛做完左腿手術(shù)而被告訴一個月不能走動。他后悔如果前一天晚上沒有玩電腦游戲，今天早晨就可以早點兒起床，也就不會因為怕

34、遲到而撞倒致使自己住院了。媽媽也因為兒子沒有按時睡覺而在責(zé)備他。同時Jim也在遺憾下周的運動會不能參加了，預(yù)想的400米冠軍也不能得到了。,PracticeComplete the following passage with the verbs in brackets,using the Subjunctive Mood.,Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regrets what he did

35、: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He (not wake up) so late that morning if he _ (not stay up) late the night before playing computer games.,wouldnt have woken up,hadnt stayed up,Jims mother agreed:”If my son _(get up) half an hour earlier, he _ (not ride) his bike

36、 so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _ _(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he _(spend) more time on his way to school and he _(not hit)a tree by the street.”,had got up,wouldnt have ridden,had,followed,could have spent,wouldt have hit,“Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim

37、 in a low voice. “ But you know if I _(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I_( knock) her down. My leg_ (not injure),and instead of me the girl _(take)to hospital.,hadnt noticed,would have knocked,wouldhave been injured,would have been taken,Lying in bed, Jim kept on say

38、ing “ How I wish I_ (be) more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim _(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it _(be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _(join) them the next week.,had been,would foun

39、d,would be,could join,so that 與in order that 二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語部分應(yīng)該用may /might/can /could /etc.+動詞原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted. He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss t