1、書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作策略 封喬周 2015年10月,貴州省近兩年書(shū)面表達(dá)成績(jī) （滿分25分）,英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)平均分?jǐn)?shù)如此低，究其原因，主要存在以下問(wèn)題： 1、用詞不當(dāng)，詞義混淆，詞語(yǔ)搭配有誤，加上語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)不夠扎實(shí)，導(dǎo)致文章詞不達(dá)意。句式單一，反復(fù)使用同一句型，使得文章單調(diào)乏味。 2、中文構(gòu)思，然后逐字逐句翻譯，不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣表達(dá)。或者只會(huì)死板地翻譯要點(diǎn)，如果題目要求發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)就束手無(wú)策。,一、問(wèn)題,3、缺乏提取信息和處理信息的能力，遺漏要點(diǎn)或重點(diǎn)不突出，東拉西扯，文不對(duì)題。 4、邏輯思維能力差，文章條理不清?？赐觐}目要求后，不經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮拿筆就寫(xiě)，寫(xiě)到哪里是哪里，甚至最后寫(xiě)不下去只好草草收?qǐng)?。或者?/p>

2、是把句子堆砌在一起，不分層次，不講邏輯，無(wú)先后順序。,二、書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作策略,第一檔（21-25）：完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，含覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)及用詞靈活變化，有效使用語(yǔ)句間的連接，上下連貫；語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些錯(cuò)誤，但為使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級(jí)詞匯所致。完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。 第二檔（16-20）：完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，含大部分內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)較清楚，語(yǔ)句間連接得體，但有個(gè)別要點(diǎn)疏漏及少量句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯錯(cuò)誤（主要是因?yàn)閲L試較復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致）。達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。,1、了解書(shū)面表達(dá)閱卷評(píng)分細(xì)則,第三檔（11-15）：基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，含大部分內(nèi)容，要點(diǎn)較清楚，應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)

3、或詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的需要，有一些語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，但不影響總體理解。應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。 第四檔（6-10）：未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，作文能寫(xiě)出一些內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，但漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯知識(shí)有限，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性，有一些語(yǔ)法或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響理解，信息未能清楚地傳達(dá)給讀者。,第五檔（1-5）：未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。作文明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)了一些無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯有限，有較多語(yǔ)法或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響理解。缺乏語(yǔ)句的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫，信息未能傳達(dá)給讀者。 0分，未能傳達(dá)給讀者任何信息，無(wú)法評(píng)判；寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容與要求無(wú)關(guān)或所

4、寫(xiě)內(nèi)容無(wú)法看清，考生任意抄寫(xiě)一段與本題無(wú)關(guān)的短文。 詞數(shù)少于80個(gè)，從總分中減去2分。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá)；可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，但必須緊扣主題。,5、忽視體裁的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)，缺乏語(yǔ)篇的有效性和表達(dá)的得體性，寫(xiě)出的私人信件、應(yīng)聘簡(jiǎn)歷、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介等如出一轍。 6、作文只是老師布置的不得不完成的作業(yè)，每次應(yīng)付性地匆匆忙忙寫(xiě)一篇交差。平時(shí)沒(méi)有用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的習(xí)慣，也不注意對(duì)自己寫(xiě)的作文進(jìn)行修改，不關(guān)心老師的評(píng)注，因而也不能主動(dòng)反思并改進(jìn)自己的寫(xiě)作方法。,2、掌握基本句型,1）主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) He is busy. 2）主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 She is miling. 3）主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) She

5、loves English. 4）主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) The teacher asked him to come back . 5）主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞 + 間賓 + 直賓 Mum bought me a new dress. 注：學(xué)習(xí)生詞時(shí)提醒學(xué)生留意詞性。,3、書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作步驟,1）明確寫(xiě)作要求及注意事項(xiàng)。 2） 確定體裁、題材、格式，人稱、時(shí)態(tài)。 3）列出要點(diǎn)、必要句型和重要詞組。 4）拓展要點(diǎn), 完善句子, 打好草稿。 5）檢查草稿，然后規(guī)范抄寫(xiě)到試卷上（要“橫三齊，豎平行”）。,例1：2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷書(shū)面表達(dá)題,假如你是李華，計(jì)劃和同學(xué)去敬老院（nursing home

6、）陪老人們過(guò)重陽(yáng)節(jié)（the Double Ninth Festival）。請(qǐng)給外教露西寫(xiě)封郵件，邀她一同前往，內(nèi)容包括： 1.出發(fā)及返回時(shí)間； 2.活動(dòng)：包餃子、表演節(jié)目等。 注：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3.結(jié)語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。,第一、確定體裁、格式，人稱、時(shí)態(tài)。 體裁：應(yīng)用文 格式：書(shū)信格式 人稱：第一、第二人稱 時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí) 第二、列出要點(diǎn)以及重要的詞組和必要句型。 要點(diǎn)：李華去敬老院陪老人們過(guò)重陽(yáng)節(jié)，邀請(qǐng)露西一起去。需告知露西出發(fā)及返回時(shí)間和在敬老院要開(kāi)展的活動(dòng)（包餃子、表演節(jié)目)。 重要詞組：for a visit , the elder

7、ly, make dumplings, wait for 必要句型：I would like to，It is the day，We will,Dear Lucy, How are you doing? I am Li Hua. We plan to visit the nursing home on the Double Ninth Festival. I want to invite you to join us. Well go there and make dumplings with the elderly people. We give a performance for them

8、, such as singing, dancing and playing games. We will make them happy. We will set out at 9 in the morning and come back around 4 oclock in the afternoon. If you will come with us, please tell us. Looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Hua,【參考范文】,【參考范文】,Dear Lucy, Id like to invite you to join us f

9、or a visit to the nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. It is the day for the elderly in China. Well go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there. Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. We sh

10、ould be back around 4 oclock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and well wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning. Looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Hua,4、書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng),1）認(rèn)真審題，明確要求 (1)審文體。是記述文、說(shuō)明文還是應(yīng)用文。 (2)審格式。書(shū)面表達(dá)中不同的體裁有不同的格式，比如書(shū)信有信頭、稱呼、正文、結(jié)尾、署名等。 (3)審人稱。同過(guò)

11、讀題，搞清楚要用何種人稱，是第一人稱、第二人稱還是第三人稱。 2）緊扣主題、切中要點(diǎn)。在明白題意的基礎(chǔ)，將所列內(nèi)容完整的寫(xiě)出來(lái)，但切忌逐條翻譯，合理組織，分清層次，用好連接成分，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)，遣詞造句，做到行文連貫，過(guò)度自然，同時(shí)可以作必要的發(fā)揮和拓展。,例2、看圖作文,李萍在上學(xué)路上拾到一個(gè)錢(qián)包。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下六幅圖寫(xiě)一篇短文，詞數(shù)100左右。 參考詞：名片 a calling card 回報(bào) reward,除了注意寫(xiě)作的幾個(gè)步驟外，還需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1、Title 2、Topic sentence 3、Develop sentences 4、Conclusion sentence (writer

12、s attitude),1、審題（讀圖），明確要點(diǎn),1. see a wallet 2. find money and a calling card 3. call the owner 4. wait at the bus stop 5. owner came 6. reward, refuse,體裁：記敘文 人稱：第三人稱 時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí),2、思考所用詞匯或者句型,Words and Expressions do a good deed 做好事 wallet n. 錢(qián)包 owner n. 主人 calling card 名片 address n. 地址 telephone number 電

13、話號(hào)碼 public adj. 公共的 reward vt. 回報(bào) politely adj. 有禮貌的 refuse vt. 拒絕,3、擴(kuò)展要點(diǎn),使句子完整,（1）寫(xiě)出基本句型 （2）增加地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) （3）增加時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) （4）增加其它修飾語(yǔ) （5）發(fā)散思維擴(kuò)充內(nèi)容,1. Li Ping saw a wallet 1. Li Ping saw a wallet on the ground near the bus stop. 1. Yesterday on her way to school, Li Ping saw a wallet on the ground near the bus sto

14、p,2. She found a lot of money and a calling card in it.,She opened the wallet. She opened the wallet. She found a lot of money and a calling card in it. 2. She opened the wallet and found a lot of money and a calling card in it.,3. She called the owner.,3. From the calling card, she knew the owners

15、name, address and telephone number. She thought the owner must be very worried. She went to a public telephone. She called the owner.,So,and,4. She waited at the bus-stop.,5. The owner came. 5. The owner came by taxi very soon. Li Ping gave the wallet to her.,6. The owner took out a 100-yuan note to

16、 reward her. 6. The owner was very thankful to her. The owner took out a 100-yuan note to reward her . Li Ping politely refused her. She went to school happily. 6. The owner was so thankful to her that she took out a 100-yuan note to reward her . But Li Ping politely refused her and went to school h

17、appily.,4、連句成篇,把寫(xiě)好的句子連成短文，打好草稿。,正確使用下列連接詞： 1. 表示時(shí)間順序：first/firstly, second/secondly, third/thirdly, then, after that, finally等。 2. 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：besides, also, Whats more等。 3. 表示因果關(guān)系：because, so, therefore, as a result, thanks to 等。 4. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, yet, however, while等。 5. 表示條件關(guān)系：if, unless, as long as, so

18、long as等。 6. 過(guò)渡性插入語(yǔ)：generally speaking, I think, in other words, in a word等。,5、全面檢查,1）檢查草稿； 2）修改拼寫(xiě)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)錯(cuò)誤； 3）修改人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤； 4）修改句子結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯錯(cuò)誤； 5）考慮語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)、考慮句式的變化和詞匯的豐富。,請(qǐng)找出優(yōu)點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤 Li Ping did good deed yesterday. On her way to home, she saw a wallet lay on the ground near the bus stop. She opened the wallet

19、and found lot of money and a calling card in it. From the calling card, she knew the owners name, address and telephone number.,So she went to a public telephone and called on the owner. Then she waited at the bus stop. When the owner got to, Li Ping gave the wallet to her. The owner was very thankf

20、ul to Li Ping that she took out a 100-yuan note to reward her. However, Li Ping politely refused her and went home happily. What a good girl she is !,Li Ping did good deed yesterday. On her way to home, she saw a wallet lay on the ground near the bus stop. She opened the wallet and found lot of mone

21、y and a calling card in it. From the calling card, she knew the owners name, address and telephone number.,請(qǐng)找出優(yōu)點(diǎn)和錯(cuò)誤,So she went to a public telephone and called on the owner. Then she waited at the bus stop. When the owner got to, Li Ping gave the wallet to her. The owner was very thankful to Li Pin

22、g that she took out a 100-yuan note to reward her. However, Li Ping politely refused her and went home happily. What a good girl she is !,點(diǎn)評(píng)： deed是可數(shù)名詞，表達(dá)“做一件好事”，英語(yǔ)為do a good deed。 On her way to（刪） home改為On her way to school與題目“在上學(xué)的路上”保持一致。 改lay為lying, 構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 a lot of = lots of 是一個(gè)固定詞組，不可更改

23、。 這里So用得好, 起承上啟下的作用。,call on sb. 拜訪某人?！敖o某人打電話”可用call sb.。 get to 是有“到達(dá)”的意思，但當(dāng)其后沒(méi)有地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)不需要帶介詞to。這里got to可以改為arrived。 very改為so, 構(gòu)成sothat; went home改為went to school與題目“在上學(xué)的路上”保持一致; 這里However用得很好。 結(jié)尾特別好，前后呼應(yīng)，總結(jié)全文。,教師評(píng)語(yǔ)： 你通過(guò)第一句Li Ping did a good deed yesterday. 點(diǎn)明主題，敘述了李萍同學(xué)拾金不昧，不圖回報(bào)，助人為樂(lè)的好人好事。用What a goo

24、d girl she is! 作總結(jié)。語(yǔ)義表達(dá)十分清楚，且用了像so, then, however 等高級(jí)詞匯，和狀語(yǔ)從句、并列句等高級(jí)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。盡管文中有幾處錯(cuò)誤，但總的說(shuō)來(lái)，這是一篇很不錯(cuò)的書(shū)面表達(dá)。,6、書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范,書(shū)寫(xiě)要“橫三齊，豎平行”,Li Ping did a good deed yesterday. On her way to school, she saw a wallet lying on the ground near the bus stop. She opened the wallet and found a lot of money and a calling car

25、d in it. From the calling card, she knew the owners name, address and telephone number.,So she went to a public telephone and called the owner. Then she waited at the bus stop. When the owner arrived, Li Ping gave the wallet to her. The owner was so thankful to Li Ping that she took out a 100-yuan n

26、ote to reward her. However, Li Ping politely refused her and went to school happily. What a good girl she is !,總 結(jié) 做英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)題要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：,注意審題，確定要點(diǎn)。 擴(kuò)展要點(diǎn)，連句成篇。 全面檢查，書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范。,第四 怎樣讓書(shū)面表達(dá)的高分 88詞語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在不少學(xué)生寫(xiě)的英語(yǔ)作文仍停留在較低的水平，就像初中學(xué)生所為。這樣的作文即使要點(diǎn)齊全，沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤也很難得高分。所以，學(xué)會(huì)使用高級(jí)詞語(yǔ)和高級(jí)句子就顯得十分重要了。要想生動(dòng)形象地表達(dá)句意，就得使句子豐滿勻稱。,1、使句子豐滿勻稱,一定要正

27、確使用定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。 (1)They didnt go out for a holiday, instead, they read books and looked up some useful information for their research work. (2)With the price going up sharply, they decided to cut down their living expenses.,(3) Li Ming and I were wandering in the street when we saw a terrible accident, w

28、hich made us very frightened. (4)There happened to be a supermarket around the street corner. (5)Having been taught how to cook, he was quite sure to serve us a big meal.,2、學(xué)會(huì)使用優(yōu)化句式,要想書(shū)面表達(dá)的高分，就得學(xué)會(huì)使用 優(yōu)化句式。 1. He couldnt pronounce the word correctly. He had great difficulty in pronouncing the word cor

29、rectly. 2. His parents health is falling down day by day. He is worried about it very much. What worries him most is that his parents health is falling down day by day.,3. The plan was a failure in the end. The plan turned out / proved to be a great failure. 4. People all know that Taiwan belongs to

30、 China. As is known to all the people, Taiwan is a part of China.,3、使用高級(jí)句子,用高級(jí)句子代替一般句子。 (1)He didnt come to the meeting yesterday because he was ill（一般） His illness accounted for（解釋原因）his absence from the meeting yesterday（高級(jí)） (2)When he was a child, he wanted to learn everything（一般） When he was a c

31、hild, he had a strong desire for knowledge（高級(jí)）,(3)Ill thank you if you think about my application（一般） Ill appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration（高級(jí)） (4)Many people are worried about the problem of air pollution（一般） The problem of air pollution has caused wide public concern（高級(jí)）,1）Some schools have set up CCTVs to watch those exam cheaters. It will be sure to stop the bad habit.,Some schools have set up CCTVs to watch those exam cheaters, which will be sure to stop the bad habit.,4、活用