1、意義-翻譯,理解中的選義1-以run為例,1980 年版的Websters New World Dictionary of the American Language (the 2nd College Edition) -run :vi. 31 個(gè)釋義; vt. 25個(gè)釋義; n. 26個(gè)釋義; adj. 4 個(gè)釋義; 成語(yǔ)搭配20條 上海譯文出版社1991版的英漢大詞典-run: vi. 34個(gè)釋義; vt. 40 個(gè)釋義; n. 38個(gè)釋義; adj. 5個(gè)釋義。,1) run across 跑過一偶然碰見 2) run away 跑開一失去控制 3) run back over 跑回一回

2、顧 4) run counter to 跑離一違反，與.背道而馳 5) run down 跑下一用完；撞倒；貶低 6) run in 跑進(jìn)一順便探望7) run into 跑進(jìn)一陷于；偶然碰見 8) run into debt 負(fù)債 9) run off 跑掉一流暢地寫出（背出） 10) run out 跑出一被用完，將盡,11) run over 跑過一滿出，溢出 12) run through 跑過，穿過一貫穿 13) run up 跑上去一迅速積累（債款等） 14） run to seed 變得不修邊幅 15) run a race 參加賽跑 16) run for presidency

3、 競(jìng)選總統(tǒng) 17) run to sbs aid 趕去幫助某人 18) run aground （船）擱淺 19) run wild 發(fā)狂，野掉了 20) run to extremes 走向極端,21) run the streets 流浪街頭 22) run a hare 追捕野兔一追捕坐車不買票的人 23) run a car 駕駛小汽車 24) run a factory 辦工廠 25) run messages 送信，傳信息 26) run the water off 把水放掉 27) run oil 提煉石油 28) run to 跑到一（數(shù)量等）達(dá)到 29) run on 不停地

4、跑一講個(gè)不停，喋喋不休 30) run sb into difficulties 使某人陷入困境,31) run the risk of 冒著的危險(xiǎn) 32) run ones eyes down a list 匆匆看一下單子 33) run a simile too far 把一個(gè)明喻用得牽強(qiáng)附會(huì) 34) run a fever 發(fā)燒 35) run a sword through sb 用刀刺穿某人 36) run a thread through an eyelet 把線穿過小孔 37) run ones head into a wall 撞南墻，碰壁 38） The idea runs

5、in his mind. 這個(gè)念頭縈繞在他的腦海里。39) The street runs north. 大街向北延伸。 40) The news runs rapidly in the town.,理解中的選義2-以“上”為例,上海辭海出版社出版的辭海里，“上”有17個(gè)意義和194個(gè)詞語(yǔ)搭配。,1) 上班 to go to work; to be on duty 2) 上報(bào) to appear in the newspapers 3）上膘 (of animals) to become fat 4) 上場(chǎng) to appear on the stage court 5) 上當(dāng) to be tak

6、en in 6) 上燈 to light the lamp 7） 上吊 to hang oneself 8)上凍 to freeze 9) 上訪 to apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help 10) 上墳 to visit a grave to honour the memory of the dead,11） 上綱 to raise to the higher plane of principle 12) 上告 to complain to the higher authorities or a

7、ppeal to a higher court 13) 上供 to offer up a sacrifice 14) 上鈞 to rise to the bait 15)上光 glazing; polishing 16) 上軌道 to get on the right track 17) 上火 to get angry 18) 上進(jìn) to make progress 19) 上課 to attend class 20) 上口 to be suitable for reading aloud,21) 上路 to set out on a journey 22) 上馬 to mount a hor

8、se 23) 上門 to visit; to shut the door 24) 上年紀(jì) to be getting on in years 25) 上任 to take up an official post 26) 上臺(tái) to come to power 27）上膛 (of a gun) to be loaded 28) 上相（上照） to come out well in a photograph; to be photo-genic 29) 上鞋 to sole a shoe 30) 上刑 to put sb to torture 31) 上演 to perform 32) 上賬 to

9、 make an entry in an account book,33) 上陣 to go into battle 34) 上癮 to be addicted (to sth) 35) 干部要能上能下。A cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post. 36) 隨函附上2 角錢郵票1張。Enclosed herewith is a 20-fen stamp. 37) 這一盤你上。You play this game. 38) 一連上了好幾道菜。Several courses were served in succ

10、ession. 39) 行李還沒上架。The luggage has not been put on the rack yet. 40) 我來給門上漆。Let me paint the door. 41) 這事已上了電視。It has been publicized on TV. 42) 表該上了。The watch needs winding.,辭典 who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband; who actually does have a disconsolate

11、 family to mourn his loss;. (W. M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair).,5) . yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband; who actual

12、ly does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss;. (W. M. Thackeray: Vanity Fair).不過偶爾也有幾個(gè)死人當(dāng)?shù)闷鹗晨淘谒麄冃喙巧系暮迷?。真的是虔誠(chéng)的教徒，慈愛的父母，孝順的兒女，賢良的妻子，盡職的丈夫，他們家里的人也的確哀思綿綿地追悼他們； (“好教徒、好父母、好兒女、好妻子、好丈夫” ) 1) 好教徒a faithful Christian (=虔誠(chéng)的教徒）2) 好父母a loving parent = 慈愛的父母）3) 好兒女a(chǎn)n obedient child （=孝順的兒女）5) 好丈夫a dutif

13、ul husband (=盡職的丈夫）,一組名詞選詞的實(shí)例,房：cookhouse廚房 glasshouse玻璃房 washhouse 洗衣房 屋：airhouse 打氣屋 toolhouse 工具屋 室：babyhouse 玩具室 gatehouse 警衛(wèi)室 greenhouse 溫室 院：almshouse 濟(jì)貧院 workhouse 救貧院；感化院；勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)所 舍：boardinghouse(供膳食的）宿舍 farmhouse 農(nóng)舍 館：chophouse 小餐館 coffeehouse 咖啡館 社：flophouse 廉價(jià)旅社 棧：roadhouse 客棧 所：clubhouse 俱樂

14、部會(huì)所 pleasure-house娛樂場(chǎng)所 堂：bathhouse 澡堂 meetinghouse 禮拜堂 間：springhouse 冷藏間 亭：sununerhouse 涼亭,場(chǎng)：playhouse 劇場(chǎng)；兒童游戲館 slaughterhouse屠殺場(chǎng) 樓：statehouse 州議會(huì)的大樓 站：firehouse 消防站 庫(kù)：boathouse 船庫(kù) icehouse 冰庫(kù) 塔：gunhouse 炮塔 lighthouse 燈塔 處：tollhouse 通行稅征收處 府：townhouse 市政府 店：beerhouse 啤酒店 pothouse 小酒店 吧：barrelhouse 低

15、級(jí)酒吧 廠：bakehouse 面包廠 坊：dyehouse 染坊 堡：blockhouse 碉堡 關(guān)：customhouse 海關(guān) 獄：jailhouse 監(jiān)獄 洞：cave-house 窯洞 窟：flashhouse 魔窟 棚：cowhouse 牛棚 窩：doghouse 狗窩 henhouse 雞窩 籠：birdhouse 鳥籠,一詞多義 或歧義,莫笑我無雙國(guó)士，任處處無上歡迎；實(shí)乃是無足輕重，大半世無臭無聲；笑談處無傷大雅，酒醉后無始無邊。愛只愛無腸公子，笑罵我無賴無聊；自認(rèn)我無冬無夏，看世界無頗無偏。 -濟(jì)公自嘲詩(shī),莫笑我無雙國(guó)士，任處處無上歡迎；實(shí)乃是無足輕重，大半世無臭無聲；笑談

16、處無傷大雅，酒醉后無始無邊。愛只愛無腸公子，笑罵我無賴無聊；自認(rèn)我無冬無夏，看世界無頗無偏。,Please dont laugh at me-Im a man of superior talent, enjoying real popularity. To be perfectly honest I am nobody, just a small potato. It doesnt matter if I make ridiculous comments. I become even more crazy after wine. I like eating crabs and because

17、of this people take me to be a hopeless monk. But I dont care what they say just as I dont care whether its summer or winter. But remember, Im always unbiased toward every one and everything in the world.,翻譯中的靈活性,1) After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on the grou

18、nd, about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea. 法國(guó)崩潰之后，德國(guó)陸軍大大超過英國(guó)，空軍力量旗鼓相當(dāng)，海軍則嚴(yán)重處于劣勢(shì)。 （“德國(guó)在陸地上大大超過英國(guó)，在空中旗鼓相當(dāng)，在海上則不幸處于劣勢(shì)”） 2)全客廳頓然見得一團(tuán)和氣了。(魯迅：彷徨中的離婚）Complete harmony prevailed in the hall. (“一團(tuán)和氣”原意是只求和睦相處，不講原則，含貶義，而現(xiàn)在意指氣氛融洽，感情色彩屬中性),翻譯中的靈活性-文化背景，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),1. I like to watch people come

19、 out of motels. 2. Win Everett was in pajamas looking at a two-day-old copy of the Daily Lass-O, the student newspaper at TWU.,1. I like to watch people come out of motels. -我喜歡看“野鴛鴦”從汽車旅館里出來。 2. Win Everett was in pajamas looking at a two-day-old copy of the Daily Lass-O, the student newspaper at T

20、WU. -溫埃佛雷特穿著睡衣，正在看一份兩天前的石榴裙日?qǐng)?bào)，這是得克薩斯女子大學(xué)的學(xué)生報(bào)紙。,翻譯中的多樣性,豐富多彩,貼切得當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言形式-反復(fù)出現(xiàn)而又意思不變的句子、詞組、成語(yǔ)、詞語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)句子翻譯的多樣性: A short girl in a flat black straw hat appeared in the open door-way. (Herman Wouk: The Winds of War),A short girl in a flat black straw hat appeared in the open door-way. (Herman Wouk: The Winds

21、 of War) 1)一位頭戴扁平的黑草帽的矮個(gè)兒姑娘，出現(xiàn)在門口。 2)一個(gè)頭戴黑色扁平草帽的小個(gè)兒姑娘，出現(xiàn)在門口。 3)一位姑娘出現(xiàn)在門口，只見她個(gè)頭不高，頭戴一頂淺淺的黑草帽。 4)門口閃出了一位個(gè)頭不高的女孩子，頭上戴著一頂平平的黑草帽。 5)門口出現(xiàn)一矮妞，頭戴扁平黑草帽。,漢語(yǔ)句子翻譯的多樣性,例：你的眼睛長(zhǎng)哪兒去了？,例：你的眼睛長(zhǎng)哪兒去了？,1) Havent you got eyes? 2) Are you so blind? 3) Are you such a blind man? 4) Youre really stone-blind! 5) How blind you

22、 are! 6) As blind as a bat!,7) What a blind man! 8) A sightless guy! 9) Why are you so rash? 10) How can you be so reckless? 11) My goodness! Be careful! 12) Would you please be more careful?,直譯與意譯,直譯：原文內(nèi)容、原文形式 意譯：原文內(nèi)容 （一)詞 語(yǔ) 1) the moon 直譯：月亮 意譯：玉兔（東升）；金兔；白兔；蟾宮（折桂）；月桂（一輪-); 蟬娟（但愿人長(zhǎng)久，千里 共（宋，蘇軾詞）；水鏡；

23、陰宗；夜光；素璧 2) 月亮 直譯：the moon 意譯：celestial body, heavenly body, planet, secondary planet, planetoid; orb of night, moon goddess; green cheese; sailors friend; Diana, Luna, Phoebe, Cynthia; queen of heaven, queen of night (Shakespeare); queen and huntress, chaste and fair (B. Johnson),3) fat 直譯：胖 意譯：富態(tài)（

24、胎)(長(zhǎng)得-)；肥實(shí)；胖乎乎；胖墩墩；面團(tuán)團(tuán)；團(tuán)頭團(tuán)腦；心廣體胖；豐滿；豐盈；豐腴；肉頭(小手得很）；臃腫；癡肥；虛胖；大腹便便；腦滿腸肥 4)胖 直譯：fat 意譯：portly（肥胖的；魁梧的（常指年長(zhǎng)者);stout（矮胖的，強(qiáng)壯的)；obese（過度胖，肥大的)； fleshy; plump（豐滿的); rotund(圓胖的，圓狀的)；tubby(桶狀的，肥圓的；矮胖的）；podgy（矮胖的）(podge: 矮胖的人）；paunchy(大腹便便的)(paunch：肚予，大肚子）；corporational (大肚子的）；,二）成 語(yǔ) 1) to kill two birds with

25、one stone 直譯：一石二鳥 意譯：一箭雙雕；一舉兩得；一并兩用兒 2) to teach a pig to play on a flute 直譯：教豬吹笛 意譯：對(duì)牛彈琴；做荒謬的事情；做不可能做到的事情 3)過街老鼠 直譯：(like) a rat crossing the street 意譯: the object of universal condemnation; a bad man hated by everybody 4)門庭若市 直譯:The courtyard is like a market. 意譯:a much visited house; a busy town;

26、 bustling; crowded,In-class Practice: E-C,Eg.1The new naval base has proved to be a white elephant.,A. 新 的海軍基地證明為是一只白象。 B.新的海軍基地被證明為不堪一擊。 C.新的海軍基地是龐大而堅(jiān)不可摧的。 D. 新的海軍基地被證明為毫無用處。,2.A large number of American radio stations operate in the red.,A.大量的美國(guó)無線電臺(tái)運(yùn)行良好。 B.大量的美國(guó)無線電臺(tái)在慘淡經(jīng)營(yíng)。 C.許多美國(guó)電臺(tái)向紅色國(guó)家廣播。 D.許多美國(guó)無線

27、電臺(tái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈。,3. It is impossible to overestimate the value of the invention.,A.過高估價(jià)這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的價(jià)值是不可能的。 B.這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的價(jià)值，無論怎樣估計(jì)也不會(huì)太高。 C.過高估計(jì)這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的價(jià)值是行不通的。,4. Miss Johnson is the managers girl Friday.,A. 約瀚生小姐是經(jīng)理的“星期五情婦”。 B.約瀚生小姐是經(jīng)理的“小蜜”。 C.約瀚生小姐是經(jīng)理的私人秘書。 D.約瀚生小姐星期五為經(jīng)理當(dāng)秘書。,5. A married woman hops in the hay.,A.一位已婚女子在干草

28、上來回蹦跳。 B.寡婦門前是非多，已婚女子想偷情。 C.已婚女子焦慮不安，后悔不已。 D.結(jié)了婚的女子成熟快樂，但易衰老。,6. Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay beings begin to breathe.,A.老師是創(chuàng)造的見證人，目睹生命呼吸成長(zhǎng)。 B.嬰兒睜眼呼吸時(shí)，第一眼看到的是老師。 C.盤古開天地以來，就出現(xiàn)了教師職業(yè)。 D.老師一直在創(chuàng)造中，猶如泥土開始呼吸。,7.Mary crossed her fingers during the race so that Tom would w

29、in.,A.瑪麗比賽時(shí)交叉雙手，以便湯姆能贏。 B.瑪麗退出了比賽，所以湯姆就贏了。 C.比賽時(shí)瑪麗為湯姆祈禱，但愿他能贏。 D.比賽時(shí)瑪麗用指頭打暗號(hào)，所以湯姆就贏了。,8. My sister took her degree at Cambridge, since then we call her a bluestocking.,A.我姐姐獲得劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)位后，我們都稱她為“藍(lán)襪子”。 B.我妹妹獲得劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)位后，我們還叫她“黃毛丫頭”。 C.我們稱姐姐為天才，因?yàn)樗@得劍橋大學(xué)的學(xué)位。,9. No one is certain how much energy The Big Apple

30、consumes, but the amount must be enormous.,A.誰也不知道吃個(gè)大蘋果產(chǎn)生多少能量，但能量肯定是巨大的。 B. 誰也無法肯定大蘋果公司消耗多少能量，但能量肯定十分大。 C.誰也無法肯定紐約市消耗多少能量，但能量消耗量肯定是巨大的。 D.沒人能肯定這個(gè)大胖子會(huì)消耗多少能量，但能量肯定非常大。,10. Those were days when the sun never set on the British Flag nor rose on many an East End home.,A.那些日子里，太陽(yáng)從未在英國(guó)國(guó)旗上落下，也從未在東方家庭升起。 B.那

31、時(shí)侯，太陽(yáng)從未在“日不落帝國(guó)”落下，也未在許多東方家庭照射。 C.那時(shí)侯，日不落的英國(guó)旗幟在西方飄揚(yáng)，但沒有在東方升起。 D.那是日不落帝國(guó)的黃金時(shí)代，也是倫敦貧民區(qū)千家萬戶從不見天日的歲月。,11.But Smith showed unexpected strength, especially in the wet districts.,A.但是，史密斯顯示出出乎意料的力量，尤其在潮濕地區(qū)。 B.但是，史密斯表現(xiàn)出驚人的力量，特別在困境或危險(xiǎn)地區(qū)。 C.但是,史密斯出其不意地得到很多選票,尤其在非禁酒區(qū)。 D.但是，史密斯顯示出難以預(yù)料的強(qiáng)壯，尤其是肌肉部分。,12. He plays du

32、cks and drakes with his money.,A.他花錢扮演公鴨和母鴨。 B.他亂花自己的錢，盡情享受。 C.他玩公鴨母鴨進(jìn)行賭博。 D.他花錢玩“野雞”-嫖娼。,Pair / Group Work,And she would have been content to find twenty percent of Toms statement true. Mary took his book to hear him recite, and he tried to find his way through the fog. He picked up his pen half-he

33、artedly, wondering whether he could find something more to write in the diary. But truly, forsooth, I find it hard to believe him the same man. “How did you find that out?” It is impossible to found a civilization on fear and hatred and cruelty. “If hes found Guilty, you mean to say? ”,He was a true

34、 Micawber who thought that the world owed him a living. (The Observer) Right now I feel as old as Methuselah. (Desmond Bagley) Eliot Richardson was regarded by many as a white hat in a blackhatted White House. (William Safire) “In New York the communists dont hide. Theyre out on the street.” “Quick,

35、 Henry, the Flit,” Robert said. Star If you are A love compassionate, You will walk with us this year. We face a glacial distance, who are here Huddled At your feet. A Buddist cannot bud into a Budda. A maiden may made into a house maid.,And she would have been content to find twenty percent of Toms statement true.,只要湯姆的話有百分之二十是真的，她也就心滿意足了。,Mary took his book to hear him recite, and he tried to find his way throught the fog.,瑪麗拿著他的書，要聽他背誦，他就竭力地云來霧去地往下背。,He p