1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),初中英語語法（1）,Miss Wu,英語詞類： 1、名詞： 表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。 如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, 2、代詞： 主要用來代替名詞。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容詞：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。 如：good, right, white, orange . 4、數(shù)詞： 表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。 如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、動(dòng)詞(v.)： 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 如：am, is, are, have, see,. 6、副詞(adv.)

2、： 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說明時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)、程度等。如：now, very, here, often 7、冠詞(art.)：用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞。 如：a, an, the. 8、介詞(prep.)： 表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。 如in, on, from, above, . 9、連詞(conj.)： 用來連接詞、短語或句子。 如and, but, before . 10、感嘆詞(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。 如：oh, well, hi, hello.,1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物,回答是“誰” 或者“什么”。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。 如：Im Mi

3、ss Green. 2、謂語動(dòng)詞說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。 主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。如：Jack cleans the room. 3、表語在系動(dòng)詞之后,說明主語的身份或特征, 回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、 代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。 如：My name is Ping ping。,4、賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。 通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。 如：He can spell the word. 有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)指物,一個(gè)指人。 指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。 間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。 如：He wrote me a letter . 有

4、時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語, 放在直接賓語后面,來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。 如：He wrote a letter to me .,動(dòng)詞的種類,種類,1.系動(dòng)詞,2.助動(dòng)詞,3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,4.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,注：有些情況下，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞，例如：We are having a meeting （having是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）He has gone to New York.（has是助動(dòng)詞。） 3） 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類： 1.及物動(dòng)詞（ vt. ） 2.不及物動(dòng)詞（ vi.）,5.Be動(dòng)詞,一、按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類,二、按動(dòng)詞的形式可以分為謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞,1

5、、謂語動(dòng)詞(如下),與主語在人稱一致,與主語在人稱一致,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者或者承受者,說話人表達(dá)事實(shí)、要求、愿望等,I am reading now. 第一人稱,He writes well. 第三人稱單數(shù),He wrote a letter to me last month. 過去時(shí)態(tài),We study English.主動(dòng) The road was filled with rubbish. 被動(dòng),He has flown to America. 事實(shí) I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望,2、非謂語動(dòng)詞,5.9 非謂語動(dòng)

6、詞 在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞分為三種形式:不定式，動(dòng)名詞，和分詞(分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。 1）不定式:時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)被動(dòng) 一般式to do to be done 完成式 to have doneto have been done 2）動(dòng)名詞:時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)被動(dòng) 一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 3）分詞:時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 主動(dòng)被動(dòng) 一般式doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving been done 否定形式： not +不定式，not + 動(dòng)名詞，n

7、ot + 現(xiàn)在分詞,be 動(dòng)詞的幾種形式,Am, is ,are was ,were being been,be 動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞的幾種形式,do /dont / （現(xiàn)） does/ doesnt （第三） did/ didnt will /wont have, havent （現(xiàn)） has, hasnt （ 第三） had hadnt （過）,助動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞的用法,對(duì)句子進(jìn)行否定和疑問 Do you get up early every day? I didnt （沒）have lunch yesterday. Will you be back soon? He hasnt （沒）finishe

8、d the work yet. 在反意疑問句中 He works in a school, doesnt he? She has never been there,has she? 在倒裝句中 They helped the farmers , so did we. I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.,5.2 什么是助動(dòng)詞 1）協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱作主要?jiǎng)釉~（Main Verb）。助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如： He doesnt like English.

9、（doesnt是助動(dòng)詞，無詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)2） 助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來： 表示時(shí)態(tài)，例如：He is singing.He has got married. 表示語態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England. 構(gòu)成疑問句，例如：Do you like college life?Did you study English before you came here? 與否定副詞not合用，例如：I dont like him. 加強(qiáng)語氣，Do come to the party tomorrow evening. He did know that.3

10、） 最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would,5.3 助動(dòng)詞be的用法 1） be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，例如： They are having a meeting.English is becoming more and more important. 2)be + 過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài) The window was broken by Tom. English is taught throughout the world. 3） be + 動(dòng)詞不定式，a. 表示最近、未來的計(jì)劃或安排，例如： He is to go to Ne

11、w York next week. We are to teach the fresh persons. 說明： 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法。b. 表示命令，You are to explain this.He is to come to the office this afternoon.c.征求意見，How am I to answer him?Who is to go there?d. 表示相約、商定 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow,5.5 助動(dòng)詞do 的用法 1） 構(gòu)成一般疑問句.Do you want

12、 to pass the CET? Did you study German?你們學(xué)過德語嗎？ 2） do + not 構(gòu)成否定句 I do not want to be criticized. He doesnt like to study.In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 3)構(gòu)成否定祈使句，Dont go there.不要去那里。Dont be so absent-minded.這么心不在焉。說明： 構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4） 放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語氣，例如

13、：Do come to my birthday party.I did go there.I do miss you.我確實(shí)想你。,5） 用于倒裝句，例如： Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 說明： 引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。 6） 用作代動(dòng)詞，例如：- Do you like Beijing?-你喜歡北京嗎？- Yes

14、, I do.-是的，喜歡。（do用作代動(dòng)詞，代替like Beijing.）He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he?他知道如何開車，對(duì)吧？,特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ do/does+主語+v.+其他？ e.g. What do you want? (she) What does she want? What time do you have lunch? What time does she have lunch? What do you do? What does she do? How do you spell it? (he) How does he

15、spell it? How do you like Chinese food? How does he like Chinese food? How many tomatoes do you want? How many tomatoes does he want? How do you go to work? (your father) How does your father go to work?,5.7 助動(dòng)詞should,would的用法 1）should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，只用于第一人稱，例如：I telephoned him yesterd

16、ay to ask what I should do next week.比較：What shall I do next week?I asked. （可以說，shall變成間接引語時(shí)，變成should。） 2）would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時(shí)，用于第二、第三人稱，例如：He said he would come.比較：I will go, he said. 他說：我要去那兒。變成間接引語，就成了：He said he would come. 原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。,5.6 助動(dòng)詞shall和will的用法 shall和will作

17、為助動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)，例如： I shall study harder at English. He will go to Shanghai. 說明：在過去的語法中，語法學(xué)家說shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱。現(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動(dòng)詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞，試比較:He shall come.（shall有命令的意味。）He will come.（will只與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)。）,5.4 助動(dòng)詞have的用法 1）have +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài) 例如：He h

18、as left for London 2）have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學(xué)英語，已達(dá)十年之久。 3 ）have + been +過去分詞,構(gòu)成完成式被語態(tài) 例如：English has been taught in China for many years.中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,解釋 can / could 在表示請(qǐng)求允許的時(shí)候兩者和互換， could比can語氣更委婉。 Can I help you? Could you open the window? 在表示有能

19、力作某事時(shí)，could是can的過去式。 I can swim. I could swim at the age of five.,第三）,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,1.can / be able to ：能夠 2.may：可以 3.must / have to：不得不 4.will：愿意 5.shall / ought to：應(yīng)該 6.had / better：最好 7.need：需要 8.dare：敢于,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,5) have to與must的區(qū)別： have to 表示客觀需要, 有人稱和數(shù)的變化； must 表示主觀需要，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 例： (1) He must go now. (2) H

20、e has to stay at home. (3) I _ go home now, I think. (4) The weather is bad. I _ stay at home.,must,have to,系動(dòng)詞,我們所學(xué)過的系動(dòng)詞是 變成類get，turn，become，make 感觀動(dòng)詞look，sound，smell，taste，feel 似乎類 seem appear 保持類stay keep 系動(dòng)詞只和形容詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) I feel hungry. The day gets longer and longer. He looked happy.,5.1 系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)

21、詞亦稱聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb），作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況說明：有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語，例如： He fell ill yesterday.（fell是系動(dòng)詞，后跟補(bǔ)足語，說明主語情況。） He fell off the ladder.fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，單獨(dú)作謂語,1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：He is a teacher（is與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。） 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, re

22、st, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。 3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起來很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞從其含義來分，動(dòng)詞有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（notional verb）、連系動(dòng)詞（link verb）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（modal verb）和助動(dòng)詞（auxili

23、ary verb）四類。 1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有完全的詞義，并能獨(dú)立作謂語動(dòng)詞。如： In 1977 the Peoples Republic of China celebrated its 28th anniversary. （一九七七年中華人民共和國慶祝建國二十八周年） He likes to go for a long walk on Sundays.（他喜歡星期日出去作長距離散步） We have a TV set in the club of our-production team. （我們生產(chǎn)隊(duì)俱樂部有架電視機(jī)）,2）連系動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞，后面跟表語。英語連系動(dòng)詞有

24、 be（是）， seem (似乎)，look（看來），become（變成），get（變得），grow（變得），feel（感到），turn （變得、變成），appear（顯得），remain（仍舊是）等。如： It is never too late to mend. （改過不嫌晚） It was a close game. （那場(chǎng)球賽比分很接近） The children in this nursery look very healthy.（這個(gè)托兒所的孩子看起來都非常健康） Keep quiet, please! （請(qǐng)安靜） The tape recorder seems all right

25、. （這架錄音機(jī)好象沒有毛?。?She became a member of the Communist Party during the Anti-Japanese War. （她在抗 日戰(zhàn)爭期間入了黨） The problem remained unsolved until last year.（問題到去年才解決）,4）感官系動(dòng)詞.感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell,sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香 5）變化系動(dòng)詞.這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語變

26、成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞:表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)證實(shí)，變成之意，例如：The rumor proved false.The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）,注：同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)

27、可用 不及物動(dòng)詞。 例如：She can dance and sing. （sing作不及物動(dòng)詞） She can sing many English song（sing用作及物動(dòng)詞） 4） 根據(jù)是否受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制: 限定動(dòng)詞 2. 非限定動(dòng)詞. 例如：She sings very well ） （sing受主語she的限制 She wants to learn English well.（to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動(dòng)詞。 ）,72 限定動(dòng)詞和非限定動(dòng)詞 從是否被主語所限定來分，動(dòng)詞有限定動(dòng)詞和非限定動(dòng)詞 1）限定動(dòng)詞 限定動(dòng)詞用作句子的謂語動(dòng)詞，并被

28、主語所限定，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 如： He is a tractor driver. （他是一個(gè)拖拉機(jī)手） We have friends all over the world. （我們的朋友遍天下）,2）非限定動(dòng)詞 :在句子里都不能單獨(dú),作謂語動(dòng)詞，故不被主語所限定，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如： I am pleased to meet you. （我很高興與你相識(shí)） Smoking is harmful to the health. （吸煙對(duì)身體有害） We are marching forward along the road pointed out by the Party. （我們正沿著

29、黨指出的道路前進(jìn)）pointed 為分詞。,三種非限定動(dòng)詞,非限定動(dòng)詞,1.動(dòng)詞不定式,2.動(dòng)名詞,3.分詞,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,做非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法（指出現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)詞，它受前面謂語動(dòng)詞的限制） 動(dòng)詞會(huì)有三種形式： 原型(do) 動(dòng)名詞(doing) 不定式(to do),實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用動(dòng)名詞： like doing enjoy doing finish doing 介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞 be good at doing what about doing thank you for doing,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用不定式： want to do decide to do plan to do would li

30、ke to do learn to do tell sb. ( not) to do ask sb. (not) to do,5.8 短語動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞加小品詞構(gòu)成的起動(dòng)詞作用的短語叫短語動(dòng)詞。例如：Turn off the radio.把收音機(jī)關(guān)上。（turn off是短語動(dòng)詞）短語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成基本有下列幾種：1） 動(dòng)詞+副詞，如：black out；2） 動(dòng)詞+介詞，如：look into；3） 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞,英語動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式及變化規(guī)則1,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)歌謠,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用原型；,一般時(shí),單數(shù)三人稱，動(dòng)詞加

31、“s” 。,一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞加“ed”。,I work.,He works.,I worked.,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),進(jìn)行時(shí),例句：I am working.,過去進(jìn)行時(shí),am,is,are,-ing。,was,were,-ing。,例句：I was working.,將來時(shí),一般將來時(shí)，,would加原型。,過去將來時(shí)，,will加原型。,I will work.,I would work.,完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，,have/has加過分。,I have worked.,過去完成時(shí)，,had 加過分。,I had worked.,各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法,一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),1.用法：A.現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) B

32、.客觀事實(shí)和真理。 2.標(biāo)志詞:always,usually,often, sometimes, never,every day /week /month/year/,1.The boy usually_(get) to school early.,gets,2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.,travels,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要加 “s” work - works 輔音字母和“y”結(jié)尾的詞，如carry -carries 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的加“es”，如wash - washes go - goes do - does have -

33、 has,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes every day. Sometimes he _ (play) basketball over there. How often _ Sally _(sing)?,wash,plays,1.be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式： 肯定句：主語+be+表語 1. He is a worker. 2. You are thirteen. 3.They are in the classroom. 否定句：主語+be+ not+表語 1.He is not a worker. 2. You arent thirteen.

34、 3.They arent in the classroom. 一般疑問句：Be+主語+表語? 1.一Is he a worker? 一Yes, he is./No, he isnt. 2一.Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are. No, they arent. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語? What is he? How old are you? Where are they ?,二、一般過去時(shí),1.用法：過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 2.標(biāo)志詞：,yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago, l

35、ast night/week/month,in the past；just now=a moment ago,點(diǎn)擊中考,Li Ming didnt understand what American people said,_? (2004北京市中考) A.couldnt heB.could he C.didnt heD.did he,b）動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則 規(guī)則變化 1直接加ed：work worked looklooked playplayed, 2以e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused, 3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed：study studi

36、ed carrycarried worryworried, 4 以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed playplayed 5 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed：stop stopped planplanned,動(dòng)詞-ed形式的構(gòu)成：,moved died,carried cried,stopped planned,answered,不規(guī)則過去分詞,got gotten,went gone,ate eaten,cut cut,were been,did done,said said,不規(guī)則過去分詞,took taken,swam swum,drank dru

37、nk,put put,had had,came come,saw seen,不規(guī)則變化：,make-made-made may-might mean-meant-meant meet-met-met must-must pay-paid-paid put-put-put write-wrote-written win-won-won,1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up s

38、moking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a good holiday this y

39、ear, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes yesterday. The day before

40、 yesterday he _ (play) basketball over there. _ Sally _(sing) two hours ago?,washed,played,三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),1.用法： A.現(xiàn)刻動(dòng)作：目前正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 B.現(xiàn)階段動(dòng)作：目前一個(gè)時(shí)期一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，此刻不一定在進(jìn)行。 2.標(biāo)志詞：now,Look! Listen!,中考模擬：,-Mike, who_football in the yard? -Let me go and see. （2004順義）,A.has playedB.will play C.was playingD.is playing,動(dòng)詞

41、-ing形式的構(gòu)成：,writing taking,getting running swimming,asking,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes now. Look! He _ (play) basketball over there. Listen! _ Sally _(sing)?,are washing,is playing,1.Look!What_the children_ over there?,2.Those workers_here these months. A.are workB.are worked C.workD.are w

42、orking,A.are;doB.are;doingC.is;doD.is doing,3.-How_you_along with your workmates? -Very well.,A.do;get B.will;get C.can;get D.are;getting,4.-Must I water the flowers now? -No, you neednt. Jack_them.,A.is wateringB.watering C.watersD.is watered,注意,A.有幾個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。,1.-

43、Lucy! Would you like to give me a hand? -OK. I_. A.will comeB.come C.am comingD.would come,2.-When_you_for Toronto? -Tomorrow.,A.do;leaveB.are;leaving C.will;leavingD.shall;leave,The boy _always _ us! (夸贊) A.is;helpingB.does;help C.can;helpD./;help,B.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和always連用，表示說話人較強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。,You _ always _ the

44、same mistake! (責(zé)備) A.do;makeB.does;make C.is;makingD.are;making,四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí),1.用法：過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2.標(biāo)志詞：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when,1.Father_when I _yesterday morning. A.still slept,got up B.was still sleeping,got up C.is sleeping,got up D.sleeps,get up,2.She_apples in her garden when I_to se

45、e her yesterday. A.picked，went B.was picking， went C.picked，was going D.was picking，was going,五、一般將來時(shí),1.用法：將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 2.結(jié)構(gòu)：will shall be going to,3.標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in (the) future,next week/month/term, from now on,+V.(原型),（第一人稱）,2.標(biāo)志詞： already, just, yet, ever, never

46、, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past 3 years, before, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,4.shall/will/be going to之間的區(qū)別：,1,計(jì)劃決定要做某事，一般用be going to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。,shall往往用于第一人稱疑問句, will可用于任何人稱。,2,will常用于表邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)以及帶有意愿色彩。,3,1.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going t

47、o be D.will have,2.The twins_to the cinema with their parents tonight. A.will go B.would goC.are goD.went,3.-When_we have the meeting? -At 8. A.areB.shallC.wouldD.will,4.-When_you_for London? -Next week. A.will;leavingB.are;leaving C.shall;leaveD.have;left,六、過去將來時(shí),1.用法：從過去看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 2.結(jié)構(gòu)：would was/we

48、re/going to,+v.(原型),1.-What did he say yesterday? -He said he_to Sydney next week. A.goesB.will goC.would goD.are going 2.-Did your son fail his English exam once again? -Yes, but he told me he_hard next term. A.studiesB.is studyingC.will studyD.would study,試題：,1.用法：,1,2,七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過去,現(xiàn)在,影響：作業(yè)都做完

49、了，我能出去玩會(huì)兒嗎？,這該死的！我都等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了，他怎么還不來？,過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 I have finished my homework.,過去的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 I have stayed here for an hour！,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes for an hour. He _ (play) basketball since three years ago. How long _ Sally _(sing) yet?,have washed,has played,6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),（4）注：,上,常見的有:come-be

50、, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介詞短語, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。,for+時(shí)間段 since+過去某一時(shí)刻,a.*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換,b. * 時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”、“段”須分清,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的異同點(diǎn)： 共同點(diǎn)：動(dòng)作都在過去。 不同點(diǎn)：和現(xiàn)在有無關(guān)系。(與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的過去動(dòng)作用一般過去。) 4.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：,1,2,1,ha

51、ve gone to+地點(diǎn),表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人稱。） They have gone to Europe. (They are not here.),have been to+地點(diǎn),表示“去過某地”。（人已回） I have been to Europe. (I am not in Europe now.),3,have been in+地點(diǎn)+時(shí)間段,表示“在/來某地多久”。 I have been in Europe for three weeks. (I am now still in Europe .),2,5.瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 若句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間段，則必須使

52、用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系如下：,1.The film began 5 minutes ago. 2.They left an hour ago. 3.The man died a week ago. 4.He joined the club 3 days ago. 5.They got married 10 years ago. 6.He came here an hour ago. 7.Jack got home 2 hours ago. 8.Mum opened the door just now. 9.They got to know 10 years ago. 10.

53、I borrowed the book a week ago. 11.I bought the car a year ago.,The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes. They_ _ _for an hour. The man_ _ _ for a week. He_ _ _the club for 3 days. They_ _ _for 10 years. He_ _ here since an hour ago. Jack_ _home for 2 hours. The door_ _open for a while. They_ _since 10 years ago

54、. I_ _the book for a week. I_ _the car since a year ago.,has been on,have been away,has been dead,has been in,have been married,has been,has been,has been,have known,have kept,have had,1.-What a nice bike! How long_you_it? -Just two weeks.(2004北京市中考) A.will;buy B.did;buy C.are;having D.have;had 2.-H

55、ow long have you_here? -Since 1997. A.arrived B.moved C.come D.lived 3.-I cant find my pen._you_it anywhere? -No.Look!Whats that under your book? A.Have;seenB.Do;seeC.Did;see D.Had;seen 4.-Im sorry to have kept you waiting. -Oh,not at all.I_here for only a few minutes. A.will beB.wasC.amD.have been

56、5.I wont go to see the film because I_the ticket.(2002河南) A.lostB.have lostC.will lost D.didnt lost,八、過去完成時(shí),1.用法：發(fā)生在 過去的過去的動(dòng)作。 They had got married when he came back.,got married came back,現(xiàn)在,過去,過去的過去,我來晚了！沒希望了！,終于結(jié)婚了！好幸福呀！,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),2.標(biāo)志詞：,by the end of,by the time,when+一般過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)存在的時(shí)態(tài)，判定時(shí)必須根據(jù)上下文

57、找到一個(gè)可以作為參照點(diǎn)的過去時(shí)間，在此參照點(diǎn)前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作都可以用過去完成時(shí)。,注意：,1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last term. A.finishedB.have finishedC.had finishedD.finish 2.The train_when we got to the station. A.leavesB.have left C.were leaving D.had left 3.By the time he returned,his son_supper. A.cooks B.had cooked C.has cookedD.was cooking,時(shí)態(tài)綜合試題,1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment. A.wont come B.cant come C.didnt come D.shouldnt come 2.He_this pen for five years.He_it in 1997. A.has boug