1、Unit 4 Learning efficiently Grammar 課件,1. If I were Andy Lou, I would be in Hong Kong now. 2. I wish I were a millionaire. 3. We suggest that everyone should help the AIDS patients. When to use the Subjunctive Mood in English?,hypotheses,wishes,suggestion,虛擬語氣,The Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式(ver

2、b structure), 用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實 (fact)，而只是一種假設(hypotheses )愿望(wishes)、建議(suggestion) 或懷疑(doubt)等等。,The definition of the Subjunctive Mood,1. 虛擬語氣在條件句中 1) “表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條件從句一般用過去時,主句用would do, should do 或 might /could do;,虛擬語氣應該注意的幾點:,2) 表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情”, 條件從句用過去完成時, 主句用would have done, should have

3、done, might / could have done.,The old men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm. I should be surprised if it was less than five pounds. If I frightened those birds, they might fly off and I would never see them again. If I were you, I would accept the offer.,If I were asked to

4、define my mood, Id say “bored”. If he had taken his doctors advice, he might not have died so soon. If he had realized that, he would have run away while there was still time. If she had not married, she could have become special in the filed.,2. 虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條件從句用 should do, were to

5、 do或一般過去時, 主句用 would do, should do, could/might do.,If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would have to be put off. I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. What would you do if he failed to come tomorrow?,注意: 含有 should 的條件句, 主句可以用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時.

6、例如: If there should be another flood, what shall we do? Ask her to leave a message if she should come.,3. 在正式英語文體中, if 從句中的第一個動詞如果是should, were 或 had, 可將此動詞置于句首, 替代 if例如：,Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions. Had the captain been more careful, his ship would not have sunk. Shoul

7、d any visitors come, I would say you are not here.,4. if only 和 suppose (supposing), 也可以引導虛擬從句 If only I had more time, I could go there to help them. Supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go climbing the mountain with us?,5. If it were not / had not been for 也是常見的虛擬句型, 意思是“要不是” 例如: If it had n

8、ot been for your help, we would not have achieved so much in our work. If it were not for the wise decision, we could not be living a happy life.,6. 虛擬語氣用于I wish的賓語從句中: 表示現(xiàn)在時間, 動詞用一般過去時和過去進行時 (be動詞用were /was)。 表示過去時間, 動詞用過去完成時和過去完成進行時。 表示將來時間, 動詞用 would/ could 等+動詞原形。,I wish I knew how to operate th

9、is computer. I wish he werent so lazy. I do wish everything would be as quiet as before. I wish we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.,注意: 這里I wish 所表達的意思與 if only差不多。以上的句子都可以用if only 來代替 I wish 例如: If only I knew how to operate this computer. If only we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.,7.

10、Its (about/high) time +從句，表示“該做而未做的事”, 是一種婉轉的建議, 從句中的動詞用一般過去時。例如： It is high time we began to work. Weve enjoyed the evening, but its time we went home. Its about time the boy learned to behave himself.,8. 表示“要求、建議、命令” 等動詞demand, require, suggest, insist, advise, order 等后接賓語從句時, 從句謂語動詞一般用虛擬語氣, 即shou

11、ld + 動詞原形 (do/be done), should 也可以省略例如：,He insisted that John (should) do the job. We suggest that the meeting (should) not be postponed. The union demanded that the wages (should) be raised by 20%.,常用的這類動詞是: ask (要求), advise (建議), command(命令), decide(決定), demand(要求), insist(堅持), move(提議), order(命令)

12、, propose(提出), require(要求), request(請求), suggest (建議), urge(主張) 如果這些動詞不是表示“要求、建議、命令”等意思時, 這時賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。,例如： He insisted that I was wrong. (這兒 insist 意思是“堅持認為”） The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret. (這兒 suggest 意思是“表明”）,虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實相反的情況以外，還需要注意以下幾點： 一、 錯綜時間條件句

13、當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時間來調整。如： If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you might be well now.,(條件句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。) 如果你昨天吃了藥, 你的病今天也許就好了。 二、省略if的條件句 如果if條件句中有were，had，should時，可省略if，把were，had，should放在主語前。這種結構主要用于書面語中。如：,Were it necessary (= If it were necessary), I might resi

14、gn 如果需要的話，我可以辭職。 Had you informed me earlier (= If you had informed me earlier), I wouldnt have signed the contract. 要是你早點告訴我的話，我是不會簽那份合同的。,三、含蓄條件句 有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，這種句子中也用虛擬語氣。含蓄條件句的“暗含”之意一般用三種方法來表達： 1. 條件暗含在短語中。如： Without air, there would be no living things. 沒有空氣，就沒有生命。,（條件暗含在

15、介詞短語Without air中） But for your help, I couldnt have made so much progress. 要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的進步。 （條件暗含在介詞短語But for your help中） This same thing, happening in wartime, would result in disaster.,同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時，就會釀成大禍。 （條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中） 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。如： You might stay here forever. 你可以永遠待在這兒

16、。 （可能暗含if you wanted to） They would have succeeded.,他們本來是會成功的。 （可能暗含if they had kept trying） 3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已經成為習慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如： I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會想到的。 四、省去主句的非真實條件句 非真實條件句如果省去主句，通常表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。,這種條件句常用if only來引導。如： If only I had known where to find you just now. 剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。

17、,1. If he had not lost his money, he _ the piano last week. A. would buy B. had bought C. bought D. could have bought 2. If we were to be 200 years old, we _ everything. A. will change B. can change C. could change D. changed,Practise,3. If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now.

18、 A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt seen D. hadnt seen,4. You are late. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came, would meet B. had come, would have met C. came, would have met D. were to come, would meet,5. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A. should have B. have had C. w

19、ould have D. should have had 6. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I,7. Without the computer, the problem _ in such a short time. A. couldnt be solved B. wouldnt have solved C. couldnt have been solved,8. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. will be B. were to be C. would be D. is,9. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ you are not the most important person