1、重 復(fù) 法 Repetition,Clarity is more important than conciseness.,1.1 Repetition of the modified We are the witnesses of the scrupulous（細(xì)心的，謹(jǐn)慎的） respect of the Government of China for the principles of non-intervention in the affairs of other states and of its unwavering supporting of the rights of peopl

2、es to independence and self-determination. 我們親眼看到中國政府十分尊重不干涉其他國家內(nèi)政的原則，親眼看到它堅(jiān)定不移地支持各國人民獨(dú)立和自主的權(quán)利。,1 Grammatical repetition,1.2 Repetition of the modifier We need materials which can bear high temperature and pressure. 我們需要那種能耐高溫和耐高壓的材料。 Under suitable conditions we can produce energy in the electrical

3、 form by the conversion of heat, mechanical and other forms of energy. 在適當(dāng)條件下，我們能夠把熱能、機(jī)械能以及一些其他形式的能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能。,1.3 Repetition of the verb which is common to several objects, or the objects which is common to several verbs We come here to express our gratitude and the friendship, complete solidarity(unity

4、) and comradeship-in-arms that unite our two peoples. 我們來這里是為了表達(dá)我們的感激之情，也是為了表達(dá)連接我們兩國人民之間的友誼、完全的團(tuán)結(jié)和同志般的戰(zhàn)斗情誼。,1.4 Repetition of the preposition which is common to several objects The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protracted struggles against colonialism, hegemonism,

5、and outmoded relationship. 我們兩國之間的牢固友誼是在我們反對殖民主義、反對霸權(quán)主義和反對舊式關(guān)系的持久斗爭中形成的。,1.5Repetition of the verb in Chinese for the omitted or substituted verb in English You can do it very well, if you care to. 如果你愿意做這件事，可以做得很好。 Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind. 閱讀訓(xùn)練人的

6、眼睛，說話訓(xùn)練人的口齒，寫作訓(xùn)練人的思維。,1.6 Repetition of the noun in Chinese for the pronoun in English There is a feeling of responsibility by parents for their childrens welfare, that is, they feel that they should help them to make a new start of life in order that they (the children) may care for them (the paren

7、ts) in the future. 父母對子女的幸福有這么一種責(zé)任感， 就是父母覺得應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助子女開始新的生活，為的是將來子女可以照顧父母。,1.7 Repetition of the noun or verb in Chinese for the relative or connective in English We have advocated the principle of peaceful co-existence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 我們

8、提倡和平共處的原則，這個原則目前在亞洲和非洲各國越來越深入人心了。,1.8 Repetition of the hyponym for the superordinate Yesterday a pigeon carried the first message from the city to the town. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. 昨天一只鴿子把第一條信息從市里帶到了鎮(zhèn)里。這段距離鴿子飛了三分鐘。,2.1 Reduplication of characters or words Only a very slight

9、and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. 歡迎他的只有幾下輕輕的、零零落落的、冷冷淡淡的掌聲。 She dropped her voice, and looked so sad and piteous. 她放低了聲音，一副悲悲戚戚的樣子。,2 Rhetorical reduplication and repetition,2. 2 Repetition of synonymous characters or words,deep friendship remote barren land str

10、ange tales by hook or by crook fine-sounding words much wining and dining a mixed accent demons and ghosts rumors and slanders the ins and outs,深情厚意 窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤 奇談怪論 千方百計(jì) 甜言蜜語 大吃大喝 南腔北調(diào) 妖魔鬼怪 流言蜚語 來龍去脈,2.3 Repetition of words or expressions We should know that big powers have their strategies while small co

11、untries also have their own polices. Each follows the policy to its liking. 要知道大國有大國的策略，小國有小國的政策， 各取所好而行。 The weather alternates between sunshine and rain. 時而天晴，時而下雨。,2.4 Similar repetition in both English and Chinese It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it

12、was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to Heaven, we w

13、ere all going direct the other way. (A Tale of Two Cities) 這是最好的時光，這也是最壞的時光；這是智慧的年代，這也是愚蠢的年代；這是信仰的時代，這也是懷疑的時代；這是光明的時節(jié)，這也是黑暗的時節(jié)；這是希望的春天，這也是絕望的冬天；我們面前萬物皆有，我們面前也一無所有；我們都在直登天堂，我們也都在直下地獄。 Harm set, harm get. 害人反害己。 No mill, no meal. 不勞無獲。,3 Purposes for repetition 3.1 Repetition for conciseness and clear

14、ness He became an oil baron-all by himself. 他成了石油大王，一個白手起家的石油大王。 The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left. 小學(xué)徒對老板尤其怕得要死，老板經(jīng)常整他而且整得很慘，簡直把他整癟了。,But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, hi

15、s carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. 可是他老婆不斷地在他耳邊嘮叨個沒完，說他懶惰，說他粗心，并且說他的一家人都要?dú)г谒纳砩稀?In China, they “made mistakes”, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory. 在中國，他們犯過錯誤，吃過錯誤的虧，承認(rèn)錯誤，研究錯誤，從而制定了勝利的方針。,3.2 Repetition for Emphasis They steal, they rob, t

16、hey swindle; no one dares to cross their path. 他們偷，他們搶，他們欺詐，誰也不敢惹他們。 This is the springtime for the revolution, this is the springtime for the people, this is the springtime for science! 這是革命的春天，這是人民的春天，這是科學(xué)的春天！,3.3 Repetition for vividness 3.3.1. “Four-character expression” (usually idioms) The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied. 這些問題顯然使得這位頭腦遲鈍的發(fā)言人感到意外，他立刻顯得張口結(jié)舌，啞口無言。,great contributions 豐功偉績 gratitude 感恩戴德 ingratitude 忘恩負(fù)義 prosperity 繁榮昌盛 arrogance 驕傲自大,in chaos 烏煙瘴氣 street gossip 街談