1、,人機(jī)功效學(xué),主講人：XXX,時(shí)間：XXX,目 錄,CONTENTS,1,2,人工搬運(yùn)的危害與風(fēng)險(xiǎn),辦公室工作環(huán)境的危害及風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Hazards and Risks Associated with Manual Material Handling of Loads,Hazards and Risks Associated with Office Work Environment,Part,章 節(jié),01,人工搬運(yùn)的危害與風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Hazards and Risks Associated with Manual Material Handling of Loads,Occupational Ergono

2、mics人體工效學(xué),Occupational Ergonomics is the art and science of reducing physical and psychological problems that might arise from the interaction between people, equipment and the environment. 人體工程學(xué)是一門研究減少由人、設(shè)備和環(huán)境之間的相互作用而可能產(chǎn)生 的身體和心理問題的科學(xué)。 Primary focus of an ergonomics program is the reduction of work

3、related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). 人體工程學(xué)主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)是減少與工作有關(guān)的肌肉骨骼損傷。,work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). 人體工程學(xué)主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)是減少與工作有關(guān)的肌肉骨骼損傷。,Occupational Ergonomics人體工效學(xué),This is accomplished through the management of employee exposure to workplace hazards 控制下面工作場(chǎng)所中的危害因素，可以達(dá)到上述目標(biāo) ： Awkward postures

4、/不良的、笨拙的姿勢(shì) Forceful exertions/用力過度 High rates of repetition/重復(fù)性高,Cumulative Trauma Disorder 累積性外傷,Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder工作相關(guān)的肌肉骨骼損傷,Repetitive Motion Injury 重復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)損傷,Repetitive Strain Injury 重復(fù)過度疲勞損傷,Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 腕管綜合癥,Low Back Pain 腰背痛,Tendonitis/Tenosynovitis 肌腱發(fā)炎/滑膜炎,Manual

5、 Handling of Loads人工搬運(yùn)的定義,Manual handling of loads (MHL) is any of the following activities carried out by one or more workers.以下任何一種由一人或多人完成的活動(dòng)稱為人工搬運(yùn),Lifting,Holding,Putting down,Pushing,Pulling,Carrying or moving,將物品提升（高）,托物,放下,推,拉,運(yùn)送或移動(dòng),Ergo Risk Factor of MHL人工搬運(yùn)的人體工程學(xué)因素,There are several risk f

6、actors that make MHL hazardous and thereby increase the possibility of injury. 下面幾個(gè)因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致作業(yè)人員受到損傷，及增加了受傷的可能性,Contact Stress 接觸壓力,Temperature 溫度,Vibration 振動(dòng),MHL Hazards lean forward when pushing, lean backwards when pulling 推和拉是用身體自身的重量完成的，前傾或后拉,You have enough grip on the floor to be able to lean fo

7、rward，backwards 在向前或向后傾斜時(shí)，腳在路面上有足夠的摩擦力,You avoid twisting and bending your back 避免扭轉(zhuǎn)和彎曲背部,Correct Handling Techniques - Pushing and Pulling 正確的搬運(yùn)技術(shù) 推和拉,1.Handling devices have handles/hand grips so that you can use your hands to exert a force; handle height should be between the shoulder and waist s

8、o that you can push/pull in a good, neutral posture 搬運(yùn)裝置有手柄/把手，以便用手加力；手柄高度應(yīng)在肩部和腰部之間，以便你在自然的姿勢(shì)下推或拉 2.Handling devices are well-maintained so that the wheels have appropriate size and they run smoothly 維護(hù)好搬運(yùn)設(shè)備，車輪大小適當(dāng)，以便運(yùn)行平穩(wěn) 3.Floors are hard, even and clean 地面堅(jiān)硬、平坦并且干凈,視頻-人工搬運(yùn)工作,1.從托盤上搬到傳輸帶上 該視頻演示了在工作

9、場(chǎng)所的搬運(yùn)工作，員工把紙箱從托盤上搬下來(lái)，然后搬到傳輸帶上。 2.把成軋的電線放到軸心上 該視頻演示了一名員工將成軋的電線從傳輸帶上搬到處在不同高度的軸心上。 3.從傳輸帶搬到儲(chǔ)藏室 該視頻演示了一名員工從傳輸帶上搬起箱子，沿著走廊走到儲(chǔ)藏室。 4.在糕點(diǎn)廠的搬運(yùn)工作 該視頻演示了一名員工從手推車上搬起一箱面粉，到樓上把面粉放在指定位置。 5.合作搬運(yùn)從桌子上抬到托盤 上 該視頻演示了兩個(gè)人將一重容器從桌子上抬起來(lái)，放到地上的托盤上。 6.合作搬運(yùn)從地上抬到托盤上 該視頻演示了四個(gè)人將一重容器從地上抬起來(lái)，放在地上的托盤上。 視頻鏈接：.uk/msd/mac/

10、introduction.htm,Part,章 節(jié),02,辦公室環(huán)境的危害與風(fēng)險(xiǎn),Hazards and Risks Associated with Office Work Environment,用力,姿勢(shì),重復(fù),接觸 壓力,出現(xiàn)在鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)上。大力敲擊，“擊打”鍵盤。過度扭轉(zhuǎn)和握鼠標(biāo)。,鋒利的邊緣，沒有或少量的墊子。大多出現(xiàn)在桌子的邊緣或者胳膊懸空的位置。,急速運(yùn)動(dòng)而 很少中斷來(lái)休息。,不舒服的身體姿勢(shì)。,辦公環(huán)境下的人機(jī)工程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,Computer setup for optimum comfort 電腦安裝成最舒適的狀況 Seating 座椅,辦公環(huán)境下的人機(jī)工程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,

11、Arrangement of other office equipment: 其它辦公室設(shè)備的安放 Phone 電話 Documents 文件 Reference materials 參考資料 Others 其它 Environmental Factors 環(huán)境因素 Noise 噪音 Heat / Cold 熱/冷,正確的姿勢(shì)和工作場(chǎng)所設(shè)計(jì),腳放平或者踩在腳踏板上,膝蓋成90度,大腿與地面平行,后背挺直，用椅子來(lái)支撐,上臂放松，靠近身體兩側(cè),肘關(guān)節(jié)成90度直角,鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)在肘關(guān)節(jié)的高度,顯示屏的上端與的視線的高度,頭/頸挺直，不要彎曲,前臂與地面平行，從肘關(guān)節(jié)開始，到手腕和手指成一條直線,顯示

12、屏與人的距離等于胳膊的長(zhǎng)度,MSD Hazard Identification in the computer workstation 電腦工作時(shí)的肌肉骨胳損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別,The tool is to be used to identify job/task related MSD hazards for individual workers performing computer based jobs/tasks. 這個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具，是用來(lái)識(shí)別每個(gè)使用電腦的人員在工作中接觸的肌肉骨骼損傷的危害因素。,MSD Hazard Identification in the computer workstation 電腦工作時(shí)的肌肉骨胳損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別,The tool needs to be used with the full participation and input of the worker who works at the computer workstation where the job/task is performed. Observations alone are not enough, and it is not appropriate for the person using the tool to base decisions only