1、定語從句(I)一 定語從句概念1)在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。2)先行詞: 被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)名詞，代詞或整個(gè)主句。 如：A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. _ You can take anything that you like. _ He didnt pass the exam, which made his parents angry. _3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有：_,_,_,_,_,_. 關(guān)系副詞有

2、：_,_,_.關(guān)系詞的作用有三個(gè)：引導(dǎo)定語從句 代替先行詞 在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。二關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：觀察下面的句子，歸納關(guān)系代詞的用法并填寫下面表格。 The girl who/that is standing there is Mary. Do you know the girl whose dress is blue. These are the trees which/that were planted last year.The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.Hes a man whom/who/t

3、hat we should learn from. China is the country that it used to be.Ive never seen such a talented young man as he is.As we know, Taiwan is a part of China. This is the same book as I bought yesterday.關(guān)系代詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中做指人指物主語賓語表語定語whowhomwhichthatwhoseas三關(guān)系副詞的基本用法This is the house where/in which I lived

4、 last year.I will never forget the day when /on which I met the foreigner.Do you know the reason why/for which he came late yesterday? when 在定語從句中做_ 相當(dāng)于介詞+whichwhere 在定語從句中做_ 相當(dāng)于介詞+whichwhy 在定語從句中做_ 相當(dāng)于_+which四關(guān)系代詞與介詞1. 當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞which，whom，whose且關(guān)系代詞一律不能省略。I want to find the pen _ which I

5、wrote that letter.The engineer _whose department I work gave me the paper.I didnt recognize the lady _ whom you spoke just now.2. 模糊地點(diǎn)類名詞（situation形勢，情況；point/case情況；scene情景） 當(dāng)先行詞是如上的模糊地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，也可使用關(guān)系副詞where（相當(dāng)于in which）occasion(時(shí)機(jī)) 為模糊時(shí)間1. And theres one point where Id like your advice.2. Hes got hims

6、elf into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.3. I can think of many cases where cultural differences really exist.即學(xué)即練：1. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A that B which C who D where2. We will be shown aroun

7、d the city schools, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A what B which C where D when 3. You can find whatever you need at the shopping center, _ is always busy at the weekend. A that B where C what D which4. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail t

8、o use the language properly. A which B as C why D where5. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A how B which C where D that6. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A where B that C when D which7. -Do you have anything to say

9、for yourselves?-Yes, there is one point _ we must insist on. A why B where C how D /8. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A when B whose C which D where9. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A who B w

10、hich C why D when10. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A that B which C where D when二改錯(cuò)1. There are a lot of people plant trees there.2. The tomatoes were on the table were given to you.3. The book, I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter.4. Jac

11、kson is a man whom I believe him to be honest.5. We shall visit the school where your father has worked there for many years.三填空1. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.2. September is the month _comes after August. September is the month _ we usually return

12、 to school.3. She didnt tell me the place _ she was born. She didnt tell me the place _ she was born in.4. That is the reason _ he gave me. That is the reason _ he didnt come yesterday.5, This is the plane in _ I went to Beijing. This is the plane _ I took to Beijing. 定語從句(II)一that和which的不同A.在下列情況下,

13、 一般用that而不用which。(1)先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時(shí)。I am sure she has something that you can borrow(2)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等修飾時(shí)。Ive read all the books that are not mine.(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時(shí)。This is the first/best book that he has read.(4

14、)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)。This is the very book that belongs to him.(5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí).We talked about the persons and the things that we can remember. (6) 當(dāng)要避免與疑問詞which重復(fù)時(shí). Which is the book that belongs to me？ (7)先行詞在主語句中作表語,而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也作表語時(shí)。 Beijing is no longer the city that is use

15、d to be.B.在下列情況下, 一般用which而不用that。(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前） Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.(2)在非限制性定語從句中 Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.C用that 和which 填空1.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.2.He paid the

16、 boy 80yuan for washing his windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.3.The second book _I want to read is Travels in China.4.This is the house in _ my parents once lived.5.He said he hadnt read the book ,_ is true.6.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.7.Those a

17、re the very words _ he used. 8.Whih is the car _ was made in Shanghai.二關(guān)系代詞as 和which 的區(qū)別搭配上,as多用于such as, so as“像一樣的”，“像之類” the sameas“和同樣的等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：I have the same book as you have . Such people as you say are short now. He is so clever a boy as everyone likes.比較such . as 和such that /so as和so that 的區(qū)別

18、 Here is such a big ( so big a )stone as no one can lift. _ 從句_ 成分Here is such a big ( so big a ) stone that no one can lift it. _ 從句_ 成分as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語定語從句可位于主句之前，之后，而which 只能位于主句之后。As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.which 引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，

19、意思是“這件事”；as 不可以。He sold his bicycle, which surprised me.當(dāng)非限制定語從句是否定句或表示否定時(shí)只能用which. He treated me like a baby, which I cant bear.as 引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句常有“如同，正像 的含義” as we know/ as is known to all , as we all can see, as has been said before/ above, as has been pointed out, as is often the case, as might be ex

20、pected, as often happens 等，一般不用which 代替as. He won the first prize, as often happens.三特殊注意1. who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，下面情況下宜用who, 而不宜用that先行詞為anyone, anybody, those, all, they, he, people時(shí). 如：1)The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2)Anyone who is not fit for their work sh

21、ould leave office at once3)Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once2. whose +n= the +n +of which = of which +the+ n I am living in the house whose door is red. I am living in the house _ is red. I am living in the house _ is red.3.當(dāng)先行詞是way (意為“方式，方法”)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有下列三種形式。 The

22、 way that/which/不填he explained to us was quite simple. way 為_關(guān)系詞作_ The way that /in which/不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. way 為_關(guān)系詞作_4. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語 the one/the only one +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語 He is the one of the students who _ won the prize. He is one of the

23、students who _ won the prize. 5. Is this +the +n.+關(guān)系詞+定語從句 Is this the book that you want? Is this +n.+ the one +定語從句 Is this book the one that you want?即學(xué)即練：1. _ I explain on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A When B After C As D Since2. _ has been announced, we shall

24、 have our final exams next month. A That B As C It D What 3. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A Which B When C What D As4. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

25、 A who B that C as D which5. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A what B that C how D as6. I am at least _ age _ Robert if I am not older than he. A the same; as B the same; with C as same; as7. The driver and his car _ fell into the river have not yet been d

26、iscovered. A what B that C who D which8. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A the real name B what his real name C his real name D whose real name.9. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A that

27、B whose C those D what10. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union. A during which time B for which time C during whose time D by that time.二完成句子1. He has to have lessons on Sundays, _(這他一點(diǎn)也不喜歡)2. It might snow this w

28、eekend, _(在這種情況下)we wont go hiking in the mountains.3. They rushed over to help the man _(他的車壞了)4. He is a teacher, _( 這一點(diǎn)可以看出來) from his manner.5. The driver and his car _(掉入河里的司機(jī)與車子)have not yet been discovered.三 填空1. Anyone _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.2. Those _ want to go

29、 to the Great Wall sign up here.3. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.4. He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.5. There was little _ the doctor could do for the patient.6. The first place _ well visit in London is Buckingham Palac

30、e.定語從句(III)特殊的定語從句 考點(diǎn)一：分割定語從句1.I was the only person in my office who was invited. 先行詞_2.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to see you? 先行詞_3.The day will surely come when everybody realizes the danger of pollution. 先行詞_4.China has produced many great writers over the past ten y

31、ears, among whom was Mo Yan. 先行詞_總結(jié)歸納:分割定語從句：先行詞與定語從句被其他成分分割時(shí)，首先要根據(jù)句子意義確定先行詞和定語從句，然后選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。即學(xué)即練：1.The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where2. The village has developed a lot_ we learned farming two years ago. A. when

32、 B. which C. that D. where3.Occasions are quite rare_ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when考點(diǎn)二：含有插入語的定語從句1. Ahead of me I saw a woman who I thought was my aunt. who作_成分2. I will hire the man who they say is a good English speaker. who作_成分3. The girl who you supp

33、ose is honest is her sister. who作_成分總結(jié)歸納：關(guān)系詞后含有插入語you think/suppose/believe/imagine/say/guess等的定語從句中，確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分時(shí)，要先去掉插入語，然后再確定其成分，不要受插入語的影響。即學(xué)即練：1.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. I think which it C. which I think it D. I think which is2.

34、A fast food restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly. A. which B. where C. there D. what3. Jackson is a man in my office_ I believe is honest. A. who B. whom C. which D. in which4. Jackson is a man in my office_ I believe (to be) honest. A. which B. whom C. w

35、here D. in which考點(diǎn)三：省略式定語從句：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)1.I have no pen with which I can write.=I have no pen with which_ write.=I have no pen to write with.2.He is the best man with whom we can discuss the matter.=He is the best man with whom_ discuss the matter.即學(xué)即練：1. Franks dream was to have his own shop_ to

36、 produce the working of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how2. Fred has some money in the bank,_ to help his mother. A. that B. how C. by which D. with which考點(diǎn)四：多重（并列）定語從句翻譯下列句子，體會(huì)其中關(guān)系代詞的意義和用法1.She said she would never forget the moment when she first met Jim and which she regarded

37、as the happiest in her life.2. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.即學(xué)即練：1.I shall never forget these years_ I lived in the country with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who2.The genera

38、l at last got a chance to visit the village_ he used to fight, _he had been dreaming of for years. A. that; which B. where; that C. in which; what D. where; which3.I can never forget the day_ we worked together and the day_ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which;

39、when 定語從句(IV)定語從句與其他易混句型的對比和區(qū)別考點(diǎn)一：定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別.并列句用分號(;)或連接詞and, but來連接。定語句子用關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞有兩個(gè)作用：一是放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接（主句和從句）作用；二是充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。1.Mr. Li has three daughters, none of whom is an engineer._2.Mr. Li has three daughters, but none of them is a dancer._3.Mr.Li has three daughters; none/they are doctor

40、s._即學(xué)即練：1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but_ didnt help. A. it B. she C. which D. he3. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of_ hadnt been cleaned for at l

41、east a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which4. He has two children, and both of_ are abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who考點(diǎn)二：where 定語從句與where 地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別 where引導(dǎo)的定語從句用來修飾表示地點(diǎn)意義的_或_,可以改成_+_. where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句用來修飾_,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生或存在的地點(diǎn)，不可改成介詞+which.1.He left the key where he had been an hour ago._2.He left t

42、he place where he lived for many years._3.Rice grows well where there is enough water._4.I still remember the farm where/on which my parents worked ten years ago._即學(xué)即練：1.If you are traveling_ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where

43、2.Mom, what did your doctor say? -He advised me to live_ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where3.The famous scientist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever4.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ th

44、ey learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where考點(diǎn)三：定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別去掉it is/wasthat后，句子仍然完整的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。去掉了it bethat后，句子不完整的是定語從句。1.It is on the morning of May 1st that I met John at the airport._從句2.It is the factory where/in which John works._從句3.It is in Qingdao youre going to pay a visit

45、to that this kind of washing machine is produced._從句即學(xué)即練：1.It was Johnson, _studied very hard, _often offered us help. A. that; that B. who; which C. who; that D. that; who2.Could it be in the meeting room _you had talked with me last night_ you left behind keys? A. that; where B. which; that C. whe

46、re; that D. where; where3.Was_ at the air battle on June 8,1944,_ was led by Captain Johnson, _Peter lost his life? A. it; when; that B. that; that; who C. it; which; that D. it; which; when考點(diǎn)四：定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別定語從句：such/the sameas中,as是_,其后句子（完整/不完整），as在從句中充當(dāng)成分(主、賓或表語)。結(jié)果狀語從句：suchthat從句中，that后的句子是（完整/不

47、完整），that只起連接作用。1.I have the same computer as you have._2.She is such a kind girl that all of us like to make friends with her._3.He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect._4.He is such a good teacher that we all love and respect him._即學(xué)即練：1.These houses are sold at such a low price_ peopl

48、e expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which2.His plan was such a good one_ we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C. that D. as考點(diǎn)五：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句與that引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別1. The text tells me a fact (that)I have already known._從句，從句（完整/不完整），that作_成分，（可以/不可）省略。2.The text tells me a fact that smoking does harm to p

49、eoples health._從句，從句（完整/不完整），that(作/不作)成分，（可以/不可）省略。即學(xué)即練：1.Dorissuccess lies in the fact_ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. A. which B. that C. when D. why2.A warm thought suddenly came to me_ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C

50、. that D. which考點(diǎn)六：it, as與what 三種句型的轉(zhuǎn)換1.What is well known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success. What連接的_從句，what作_成分2.It is well known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games were a great success. It作_;_從句3.As is well known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games were a great succes

51、s. as引導(dǎo)的為_從句即學(xué)即練：1._ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What2. _ is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will take place in London. A. It B. What C. As D. Which即學(xué)即練：1.Later cases will be introduced to readers_ consumer complaints ha