1、句型轉(zhuǎn)換解題技巧及分類評(píng)析一.根據(jù)要求改寫句子（四）主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句1.主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句第一步：要看時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)態(tài)必須保持一致。第二步：把主動(dòng)句的賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)形式改為被動(dòng)形式，主動(dòng)句的主語成為介詞by的賓語，放在句尾。For example:People keep sheep for producing wool.Sheep for producing wool people.答案解析：在主動(dòng)句中people 是主語，是動(dòng)詞keep動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，sheep就是keep的承受者。在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，把主動(dòng)句中的賓語sheep變成被動(dòng)句中的主語，主動(dòng)句中的主語變被動(dòng)句的賓語，其前加介詞

2、by。謂語動(dòng)詞變過去分詞。故正確答案為：are，kept，by。2主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句，要注意謂語動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)形式變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式時(shí)的各種變化，具體有以下幾種變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/is/are + 過去分詞一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/were + 過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have/has +been + 過去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) ：can/may/must/+be + 過去分詞一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：will/shall +be + 過去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am/is/are +being + 過去分詞過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/were +being+ 過去分詞過去完成時(shí)的

3、被動(dòng)語態(tài)：had + been+ 過去分詞For example：（1）Li Lei mended the bike。（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）The bike_ _by Li Lei.答案解析：根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were +過去分詞。由于主語“the bike”是單數(shù)，故第一空填was；第二空填：mended（2）We should plant trees in spring（2005年四川考題）Trees should _ _in spring解析：本題要求是變成含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)公式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +過去分詞。正確答案為：be +plan

4、ted。3含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，一般把間接賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語，或者把直接賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語，在be done 后需加to或for。NOTE：（1）把直接賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語，間接賓語前加介詞to的動(dòng)詞有：send/pass/write/give/show/bring/lend/sell/hand/tell等。（2）間接賓語前加介詞for的動(dòng)詞有：buy/cook/make/order/choose/get/draw等。For example：My mother bought me a beautiful skirt yesterday I_ _a beautiful skirt

5、by my mother yesterday A beautiful skirt _bought_me by my mother yesterday答案解析：第一句是把間接賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語；應(yīng)填：was，bought；第二句是把直接賓語改為被動(dòng)句的主語，后要在間接賓語前加for，屬于固定搭配，即：buy sth .for sb4在被動(dòng)句中，感官動(dòng)詞（see，hear，watch等），使役動(dòng)詞（let，make，have等）后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式前不加to，但在被動(dòng)句中做主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式前必須加上to。For example：Jim heard his friend sing a song

6、 an hour ago。 His friend _ _ _sing a song by Jim。答案解析：hear是感官動(dòng)詞，在被動(dòng)句中后面做主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式前要加to。故正確答案為：was，heard，to。 （五）直接引語變間接引語在做直接引語變間接引語時(shí)必須掌握它的一些規(guī)律，下面來歸納一下：1變化人稱的一般規(guī)律：（1）直接引語中的第一人稱變間接引語時(shí)，其人稱與主句的主語一致。（2）直接引語中的第二人稱變間接引語時(shí)，其人稱與主句的賓語一致。（3）直接引語中的第三人稱變間接引語時(shí)，其人稱不變。For example：An English teacher asked his student

7、s，“Are you interested in my lessons？”An English teacher asked his students if_were interested in_ lessons。解析：根據(jù)語境，直接引語的第二人稱you變間接引語時(shí)，其人稱與主句的賓語一致，即變?yōu)閠hey；直接引語中的第一人稱my變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)其人稱與主句的主語一致，即改為his。故正確答案為：they；his。2.注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化。一般規(guī)律是間接引語的時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。 直 接 引 語 間 接 引 語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

8、過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)For example：The teacher said angrily，“Where have you been all these days？”The teacher asked me angrily where I_ _ all those days。解析：根據(jù)直接引語改為間接引語要注意時(shí)態(tài)變化的原則，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)，因此have been變?yōu)閔ad been。故正確答案為：had ，been。3.指示代詞的變化。直接引語中的this變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)應(yīng)改為that,復(fù)數(shù)these改為those. For example: Tim said to m

9、e,“This is the School Computer Center.” Tim said to me _ _was the School Computer Center.分析：句中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)that.第一個(gè)that是連接詞,第二個(gè)that是指示代詞。由直接引語中的this而變的。故正確答案為：that; that.4.時(shí)間狀語的變化時(shí)間狀語的變化如下表所示：直 接 引 語間 接 引 語now 現(xiàn)在then 那時(shí)today 今天that day 那天this evening 今晚that evening 那天晚上yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天yesterda

10、y morning 昨天上午the morning before 前一天上午last night 昨天晚上the night before 前一天晚上two days ago 兩天前two days before 兩天前next week 下周the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow 明天the next day/the following day 第二天the day before yesterday 前天two days before 兩天前the day after tomorrow 后天in two days time/two days

11、after 兩天后For example:Jane asked me,“Have you got anything on this evening?”（變間接引語）Jane asked me _I _ _anything on _解析：根據(jù)直接引語是一般疑問句來判斷連接詞為if/whether.故第一空填if/whether;直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)變間接引語時(shí)應(yīng)改為過去完成時(shí)，故第二,三空填had ，got;同時(shí)時(shí)間狀語也要作相應(yīng)的變化，this evening變?yōu)閠hat evening. 第四，五空填：that, evening.5.直接引語變間接引語的引導(dǎo)詞與由簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)橘e語從句

12、一樣。有三種情況：that引導(dǎo)陳述句；一般疑問句或反意疑問句用if或whether;特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)。這三種句型的語序都是用陳述語序。6.直接引語是祈使句，改為間接引語時(shí)成為不定式短語，而且謂語動(dòng)詞通常用ask/order等“祈求，命令”的動(dòng)詞。For example: Her mother said to her,“Finish your homework before watching TV.” Her mother asked her finish homework before watching TV.答案解析：根據(jù)直接引語變間接引語的規(guī)則，前面的said變?yōu)閍sked，第

13、一空填to;第二空要隨賓語的變化而變化，故填her。NOTE：直接引語在下列三種情況時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)仍不變。a.表示客觀真理的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).如:The physics teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”The physics teacher said _ light _much faster than sound.解析：直接引語表示的是客觀真理，變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此第二空填travels;第一空要用that來引導(dǎo)。故填：that.b.表示客觀事實(shí)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變

14、。如：Mike said,“My aunt is a worker”Mike said that _aunt_a worker.解析：第一空根據(jù)語境，把my改為his；第二空填is不變。c.直接引語是過去完成時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，變間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：She said,“I had finished working before supper.”She said that she_ _working before supper.解析：根據(jù)直接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)，變間接引語時(shí)不變，所以仍填had ;finished.(六)單數(shù)句子變復(fù)數(shù)句子1單數(shù)句子變復(fù)數(shù)句子就是把句在中的名詞或代詞變成復(fù)數(shù)

15、形式。如果主語變成了復(fù)數(shù)，相應(yīng)地謂語動(dòng)詞也要注意其變化。如：This is an English book.（變復(fù)數(shù)句子）_ _ _English_解析：主語this應(yīng)變?yōu)閠hese。因此謂語動(dòng)詞由單數(shù)is變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)are; an變?yōu)閟ome用在肯定句中。名詞book由單數(shù)變?yōu)閎ooks復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.在單數(shù)句子中，有表示性別的名詞修飾名詞時(shí)，變復(fù)數(shù)句子時(shí)兩個(gè)名詞同時(shí)變復(fù)數(shù)，不是表示性別的名詞修飾時(shí)只變后面的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There is a woman teacher in the office.There are some _ _in the office.解析：根據(jù)句意得知woman在

16、此修飾名詞teacher,是表示性別的名詞，因此兩個(gè)名詞同時(shí)變復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填：women;teacher.二.對(duì)劃線部分提問 該類型的題目主要是考查學(xué)生對(duì)疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)，語序以及某些特定疑問句類型的掌握情況。解答這類題目，正確選擇疑問詞是關(guān)鍵：考生必須準(zhǔn)確把握常見疑問詞所提問題的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。在中考中常見的提問句式有以下幾種情況：對(duì)主語或表語的人提問時(shí)用who 語序分兩種情況：（1）對(duì)主語提問時(shí)，語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序。即：Who+謂語動(dòng)詞+？ （2）對(duì)表語提問時(shí)，語序?yàn)橐话阋蓡柧湔Z序。即：Who+系動(dòng)詞+主語+？For example:Tim looks like _his father. _ _Tim _

17、like?解析：在原句中l(wèi)ook是系動(dòng)詞，his father 指人做look的表語，對(duì)其提問故用who。語序?yàn)橐话阋蓡柧湔Z序。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)因此助動(dòng)詞用does，系動(dòng)詞looks變?yōu)樵蝜ook.正確答案為：Who; does ;look.(2)對(duì)賓語人提問用whom，口語中可用who來代替。For example:We should learn from Comrade Leifeng._ _ _Learn from?思路解析：根據(jù)題意得知：劃線部分做動(dòng)詞短語learn from的賓語，指人。故用特殊疑問詞whom或who;在此注意的是第一人稱的we變?yōu)榈诙朔Q的you.因此正確答案為：

18、Whom/who ; should ;you.2.對(duì)物主代詞或名詞所有格提問，用特殊疑問詞whose For example:The teacher is my brothers friend._ _ is the teacher?解析：在本題中名詞friend前是一個(gè)名詞所有格，對(duì)此提問應(yīng)用whose. 句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：Whose+名詞+一般疑問句語序？故正確答案為：Whose; friend.3.對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問用where. For example:The little boys played football on the playground yesterday.（2005年濟(jì)南考題）_ _T

19、he little boys _football yesterday?解析：劃線部分的短語是表地點(diǎn)的。因此對(duì)此提問用where。句式結(jié)構(gòu)為Where + 助動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞原形+？根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)得知助動(dòng)詞為did。其正確答案為：Where ;did ;play4.對(duì)定語進(jìn)行提用which。句型結(jié)構(gòu)公式為：Which +名詞+一般疑問句語序？ For example:The girl who is reading English under the tree is my sister._ _is your sister?解析：本題考查對(duì)定語的提問。故用特殊疑問詞which+名詞girl.正確答案為

20、：Which; girl.5.對(duì)時(shí)間提問when/what time. When是對(duì)不具體時(shí)間提問；what time是對(duì)具體時(shí)間（點(diǎn)鐘）提問；有時(shí)對(duì)具體時(shí)間提問也可用when. For example:(1)I arrived in Beijing last week.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）_ _You arrive in Beijing?思路解析：劃線部分last week是時(shí)間狀語，對(duì)此提問用when,且為 一般過去時(shí)，故助動(dòng)詞為did.其正確答案為：When; did.(2)We usually get up at half past five in the morning.(對(duì)劃線部分提

21、問)_ _ _You usually get up in the morning?解析：劃線部分是具體時(shí)間早上的五點(diǎn)半。因此用特殊疑問詞what time.且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故助動(dòng)詞為do.其正確答案為：What time ;do.6.對(duì)星期名稱提問用what day.句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：What day +一般疑問句語序？ For example: It was Monday yesterday.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_ _Was it yesterday?答案解析：Monday是表示星期名稱的詞，對(duì)此提問用What day.故正確答案為：What day.7.對(duì)顏色提問用特殊疑問詞what colo

22、r(什么顏色)。結(jié)構(gòu)公式為：what color +一般疑問句語序？ For example:She likes red clothes.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)_ _ _She _clothes?答案解析：在本題中劃線部分是表示顏色的單詞，對(duì)此提問用what color.結(jié)構(gòu)公式為：What color + be/助動(dòng)詞 +主語 +謂語動(dòng)詞原形？其正確答案為：What , color, does, like.8.對(duì)數(shù)量提問有兩個(gè)特殊疑問詞：how many/how much; how many是對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問；而how much是對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問。除此之外how much還

23、對(duì)價(jià)錢進(jìn)行提問。結(jié)構(gòu)公式：（1）How many +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 一般疑問句語序？（2）How much +不可數(shù)名詞 +一般疑問句語序？（3）How much +一般疑問句語序？（對(duì)價(jià)錢提問）For example: 1There are forty workers in the factory.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）_ _workers are there in the factory?2. The computer is 4980 yuan._ _is the computer?3.There is some water in the bottle._ _ _ Is there in t

24、he bottle?答案解析：在（1）中workers是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)此提問用how many.在（2）中劃線部分是價(jià)格，因此應(yīng)用特殊疑問詞：how much.。第（3）題是考查對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的數(shù)量提問，故用How much +不可數(shù)名詞 +一般疑問句語序？因此正確答案為：How; much ; water.9.對(duì)方式，程度，身體狀況的詞提問用特殊疑問詞how 。 結(jié)構(gòu)公式為：How + 助動(dòng)詞 +主語 +謂語動(dòng)詞原形？For example: They went to the Summer Palace by bus two days ago._ _they _to the Summer Pa

25、lace?答案解析：本題對(duì)方式狀語提問。對(duì)其提問用how。因原句中的時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用did .那么第三空填went動(dòng)詞原形go.故正確答案為：How; did; go.10.對(duì)時(shí)間段提問用how long.（多久）如：for +時(shí)間段。since +句子。For example:I have taught in a Middle School since I came here._ _ _ I taught in a Middle School?答案解析：根據(jù)劃線部分的題意得知間接的表示的是時(shí)間段。因此應(yīng)用how long.原句是時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。正確答案為：How; lon

26、g; have11.對(duì)將來的時(shí)間提問用how soon（多久）如：in+時(shí)間段 We will finish work in four days._ _will you finish work?答案解析：本題是對(duì)將來的時(shí)間段提問，故用How soon.12.對(duì)頻率副詞或短語及單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的次數(shù)提問用how often (多久一次) For example: Henry went to visit his grandma every six days._ _did Henry go to visit his grandma?解析：該題考查“Henry 多久去看望grandma 一次？故用how o

27、ften.正確答案:How often.13.對(duì)重量，距離，長，寬等提問用how.句型為：How + 形容詞（heavy/far/long/wide.） For example: Its about ten minutes walk from my home to school. _ _ is it from your home to school?解析：本題考查對(duì)距離的提問（大約十分鐘的路程），對(duì)此提問用how far.答案為：How far.14.對(duì)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句提問用why（為什么） For example: Mrs. Read didnt sleep well las

28、t night because the wind made too much noise. _ _Mrs. Read _well last night?解析：本題是對(duì)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句提問應(yīng)用疑問詞why.答案為：Why didnt sleep. 三. 同義句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 這是句子改寫的一種重要形式，它涉及面廣，語言點(diǎn)多，方式靈活，是中考命題的熱點(diǎn)。同義句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換除了考查主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句，復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，直接引語變間接引語外，還有一些詞或短語的替換，僅僅通過替換幾個(gè)詞或短語，而使句子意思不變，就能達(dá)到異曲同工之妙。常用方法有以下幾種情況：1.用同義詞（組）或近義詞（組）改

29、寫，如：enjoy oneself = have a good time; over = more than 2.用反義詞（組）改寫，如：the same as/different from; catch up with/fall behind 等 3.運(yùn)用派生詞或多義詞改寫：如：(1)The snow was heavy last night.（改寫同義句）（2）It snowed heavily last night.思路解析：在（1）中snow是名詞在句中做主語，was是be動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞做表語。在（2）中snow是謂語動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞用副詞來修飾。在本題中snow是多義詞。4.用意義相同或相

30、近，但結(jié)構(gòu)不同的句式改寫。如：notso/as與lessthan; than any other與最高級(jí)；take（花費(fèi)）與cost, spend, pay for 之間的改寫。兩類感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)換；以及it 做形式主語等；5合并分句法，包括用eitheror, bothand, neithernor, not onlybut also等關(guān)聯(lián)詞合并，注意動(dòng)詞形式的變化。下面針對(duì)例題進(jìn)行分析：1.They enjoyed themselves at the party. They _ _ _ _at the party.答案解析：根據(jù)題意得知，本題是考查同義詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換。Enjoy oneself =

31、 have a good time;故正確答案為：had a good time.同義句間的轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)態(tài)不變。2.Tom borrowed a story book from the boy just now.The boy _a story book _Tom just now.答案解析：這兩個(gè)句子的主語做了變化，由此不難看出本題考查的是反義詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換。Borrowfrom與lend. To之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。因此正確答案為：lent, to3.The rain was heavy yesterday evening. It _ _ yesterday evening.答案解析：句中出現(xiàn)了rain一詞，

32、它是多義詞，在第一句中做主語，而第二句中做主語的是it，這時(shí)rain就做了謂語動(dòng)詞，用副詞來修飾。故答案為：rained, heavily4.John is the tallest student in his class. John is _than_ _ _in his class.答案解析：本題考查最高級(jí)與比較級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。原句為最高級(jí)，要改成比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意“班里最高”也就是“比班里其他人都高”因此答案為：taller, any, other, student.5.He hasnt been to France. I havent been to France, either.(合成一

33、句，意思不變)_ he _I_been to France.答案解析：本題考查合并法變同義句。根據(jù)句意，我們得知我和他都沒去過法國，因此用關(guān)聯(lián)詞neithernor（既不也不）合并。在這個(gè)短語中謂語動(dòng)詞要跟與nor鄰近的主 保持一致。故正確答案為：Neither, nor, have.模 擬 演 練1.Are you tired today? My mother asked me.(變?yōu)殚g接引語）My mother asked me _I _tired _ _.2.Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday?” Father as

34、ked me.（同1）Father asked me _ _ _going to watch the football match the next Sunday.3.Linda asked John,“Where did you buy this new bicycle?”（同1）Linda asked John where _ _ _that new bicycle.4.You should speak to the old people politely.（變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）The old people should _ _to politely.5. Who ate my bread? （同

35、4）By whom _my bread _?6.Miss King saw Bill helping a blind man cross the street yesterday afternoon.（同4）Yesterday afternoon Bill _ _ _a blind man cross the street _ _ _.7.There is a woman dress on the bed in Kates bedroom.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句子）There _ _ _ _on the bed in Kates bedroom.8.They are empty boxes.（改為單數(shù)句子） _ _empty_. 9.Not only Jack but also Mike has been to that island.（改為同義句）_Jack _Mike _been to that island.10.My cousin didnt draw as well as Mike.（同9） My cousin _ _than Mike.11.Its time for dinner.（同9） Its time_ _dinner. 12.The river is 10 meters wide.（對(duì)劃線部分提問