1,美國(guó)黑人文學(xué)的發(fā)展和成就許國(guó)衡,AmericanLiteratureSpring2003ByVivianandJenet,2,一、美國(guó)：多元民族與多元文化,英國(guó)文學(xué)的移植猶太裔作家黑人研究(BlackStudies)起因：民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)內(nèi)容：黑人文學(xué)、歷史、民俗等文化遺產(chǎn),3,二、雙重壓迫下的獨(dú)特文明,雙重壓迫：生理奴隸生活心理精神真空獨(dú)特文明：1.黑人英語(BlackEnglish)2.音樂a.勞動(dòng)歌曲(FieldSongs)b.藍(lán)調(diào)(Blues)傷心的內(nèi)容被愛人拋棄BessieSmith“DownheartedBlues”c.黑人靈歌(NegroSpirituals)LuisArmstrong“GoDownMoses”,4,DownheartedBluesbyBessieSmith,Gee,butitshardtolovesomeonewhenthatsomeonedontloveyou!Imsodisgusted,heart-broken,too;Ivegotthosedown-heartedblues;OnceIwascrazyboutaman;hemistreatedmeallthetime,ThenextmanIgethasgottopromisemetobemine,allmine!左圖：BessieSmith,5,Trouble,trouble,Ivehaditallmydays,Trouble,trouble,Ivehaditallmydays;Itseemsliketroublegoingtofollowmetomygrave.Iaintneverlovedbutthreemensinmylife;Iaintneverlovedbutthreemeninmylife:Myfather,mybrother,themanthatwreckedmylife.Itmaybeaweek,itmaybeamonthortwo,Itmaybeaweek,itmaybeamonthortwo,Butthedayyouquitme,honey,itscominhometoyou.Igottheworldinajug,thestoppersinmyhand,Igottheworldinajug,thestoppersinmyhand,Imgonnaholdituntilyoumeetsomeofmydemands.,6,GoDown,MosesbyLuisArmstrong,Godown,Moses,waydowninEgyptslandSaidLord,saidLordLetmypeoplegoWhenIsraelwasinEgyptslandLetmypeoplegoOpressedsohardtheycouldnotstandLetmypeoplego,soTheLordsaidGodown,MoseswaydowninEgyptslandTellallthePharaohsToletmypeoplego.SoMoseswenttoEgyptlandLetmypeoplego,7,二、雙重壓迫下的獨(dú)特文明,獨(dú)特文明：3.口述文學(xué)(1)黑人民間傳說(folklore)童話、民謠、民間故事、詩(shī)歌、幽默(2)黑人牧師的講道Call&ResponseBigMamasHaus(amovie),8,三、屬於他們的故事,奴隸故事(SlaveNarratives)OlondahEquianoTheInterestingNarrativeoftheLifeofOlondahEquiano,orGustarusVassa,theAfricanFrederickDouglassNarrativeoftheLifeofFrederickDouglass自傳BookerT.WashingtonUpfromSlavery,9,四、黑人小說,反蓄奴小說：爭(zhēng)取英國(guó)讀者的同情WilliamWellsBrown向白人社會(huì)尋求題材與讀者CharlesW.ChesnuttPaulLaurenceDunbar以農(nóng)奴的農(nóng)場(chǎng)傳統(tǒng)為主題，多半是娛樂讀者racialintegration:RobertBonescriticsturn-of-the-century,10,四、黑人小說,強(qiáng)調(diào)種族驕傲、種族價(jià)值、自我覺醒起因：黑人文藝復(fù)興(NegroRenaissance)主力：哈林派(HarlemSchool)ClaudeMcKay、LangstonHughesCounteeCullen、JeanToomer,11,描寫種族衝突、黑白問題、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì),RichardWright抗議小說、憤怒文學(xué)NativeSon,12,RalphEllisonInvisibleMan“IrememberthatIaminvisibleandwalksoftlysoasnottoawakenthesleepingones.”,13,JamesBaldwin都市黑人描寫今日都市貧民區(qū)的破敗、擁擠、髒亂,14,五、黑人詩(shī)人,LucyTerry第一個(gè)美國(guó)黑人詩(shī)人PhyllisWeatley第一個(gè)出版詩(shī)集的黑人詩(shī)人,15,PaulLaurenceDunbar1872-1906音樂感、旋律、農(nóng)場(chǎng)傳統(tǒng)、生動(dòng)口吻,16,ANegroLoveSongbyPaulLaurenceDunbar,SEENmyladyhomelasnight,Jumpback,honey,jumpback.Helhuhhanansquezittight,Jumpback,honey,jumpback.HyeahdhuhsighalittlesighSeenalightgleamfomhuheye,Anasmilegoflittinby-Jumpback,honey,jumpbackHyeahddewinblowthoodepine,Jumpback,honey,jumpback.Mockin-birdwassinginfine,Jumpback,honey,jumpback.Anmyheatwasbeatinso,WhenIreachedmyladysdo,DatIcouldntbatogo-Jumpback,honey,jumpback.Putmyahmarounhuhwais,Jumpback,honey,jumpback.Raisedhuhlipsantookatase,Jumpback,honey,jumpback.Loveme,honey,lovemetrue?LovemewellezIloveyou?Ansheanswed,CoseIdo-Jumpback,honey,jumpback.,17,LangstonHughes1902-1967解釋並描述美國(guó)黑人實(shí)況融合黑人文化與美國(guó)現(xiàn)代文明黑人的桂冠詩(shī)人,18,I,ToobyLangstonHughes,I,too,singAmerica.Iamthedarkerbrother.TheysendmetoeatinthekitchenWhencompanycomes,ButIlaugh,Andeatwell,Andgrowstrong.Tomorrow,Illsitatthetable,Whencompanycomes.NobodylldareSaytome,“Eatinthekitchen,”Then.Besides,TheyllseehowbeautifulIamAndbeashamedI,too,amAmerica.,19,六、黑人的戲劇,ShuffleAlong(amusicalcomed