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CALLYSTARTTHEENGINEFY2BSGVEHICLEAVERAGEFUELCONSUMPTIONTHANTHE15LPETROLCARSREDUCEABOUT510,AVERAGEFUELCONSUMPTIONCANBEREDUCEDUPTO15BYDAUTODEVELOPMENTGOALTOELECTRICCARSASATRANSITIONALMODE,THEELECTRICCARASTHEULTIMATEGOAL,THEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWENERGYCARSBYDBYDFOLLOWTHE“INDEPENDENTRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT,INDEPENDENTPRODUCTION,INDEPENDENTBRAND“DEVELOPMENTPATH,ANDTHE“CORETECHNOLOGY,VERTICALINTEGRATION“DEVELOPMENTSTRATEGY,ASTHETRANSITIONTODUALMODEELECTRICVEHICLES,ELECTRICVEHICLESASTHEULTIMATEGOAL,THEDEVELOPMENTOFBYDNEWENERGYVEHICLES國內(nèi)混合動力汽車發(fā)展隨著石油資源的枯竭、人們環(huán)保意識的提高，混合動力汽車及電動汽車將成為新世紀(jì)前幾十年汽車發(fā)展的主流，并成為我國汽車界所有業(yè)內(nèi)人士的共識。我國政府也已經(jīng)在國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃863計劃中專門開列了包括混合動力汽車在內(nèi)的電動汽車重大專項。目前，我國在新能源汽車的自主創(chuàng)新過程中，堅持了政府支持，以核心技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵部件和系統(tǒng)集成為重點的原則，確立了以混合電動汽車、純電動汽車、燃料電池汽車為“三縱”，以整車控制系統(tǒng)、電機(jī)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)、動力蓄電池/燃料電池為“三橫”的研發(fā)布局，通過產(chǎn)學(xué)研緊密合作，我國混合動力汽車的自主創(chuàng)新取得了重大進(jìn)展。形成了具有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的動力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺，建立了混合動力汽車技術(shù)開發(fā)體系。混合動力汽車的核心是電池（包括電池管理系統(tǒng)）技術(shù)。除此之外，還包括發(fā)動機(jī)技術(shù)、電機(jī)控制技術(shù)、整車控制技術(shù)等，發(fā)動機(jī)和電機(jī)之間動力的轉(zhuǎn)換和銜接也是重點。從目前情況來看，我國已經(jīng)建立起了混合動力汽車動力系統(tǒng)技術(shù)平臺和產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作研發(fā)體系，取得了一系列突破性成果，為整車開發(fā)奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。截止到2009年1月31日，在混合動力車輛技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局受理并公開的中國專利申請為1116件。在1116件專利申請中，發(fā)明為782件（授權(quán)為107件）、實用新型為334件。掌握了電動汽車整車開發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，形成了各類電動汽車的開發(fā)能力。我國混合動力汽車在系統(tǒng)集成、可靠性、節(jié)油性能等方面進(jìn)步顯著，不同技術(shù)方案可實現(xiàn)節(jié)油1040。同時，各汽車企業(yè)對混合動力汽車的研發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化投入顯著增強，產(chǎn)業(yè)化步伐不斷加快。目前，國內(nèi)汽車企業(yè)已將混合動力汽車作為未來主流競爭型產(chǎn)品在戰(zhàn)略上高度重視，一汽、東風(fēng)、上汽、長安、奇瑞、比亞迪等都已投入了大量的人力、物力，混合動力車型已完成樣車開發(fā)，并有部分車型已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)小批量上市。一汽集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)到2012年，該集團(tuán)計劃建成一個年生產(chǎn)能力為混合動力轎車11萬輛、混合動力客車1000輛的生產(chǎn)基地。一汽集團(tuán)從1999年開始進(jìn)行新能源汽車的理論研究和研制工作，并開發(fā)了紅旗混合動力轎車性能樣本?！笆濉逼陂g，一汽集團(tuán)承擔(dān)了國家“863”計劃重大專項中“紅旗牌串聯(lián)方式混合動力轎車研究開發(fā)”任務(wù)，正式開始了新能源汽車的研發(fā)工作。從2006年開始，一汽在奔騰B70的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行混合動力化的技術(shù)研究，將原來的縱置發(fā)動機(jī)總成改成橫置發(fā)動機(jī)總成，采用了橫置發(fā)動機(jī)及雙電機(jī)混聯(lián)技術(shù)。同時，一汽還抓緊了對發(fā)動機(jī)、機(jī)電一體化變速器、整車控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)、整車控制系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，目前一汽混合動力轎車已經(jīng)取得了42的節(jié)油效果，達(dá)到了國際先進(jìn)水平。解放牌CA6100HEV混合動力城市客車一汽“解放牌CA6100HEV混合動力城市客車”項目是國家“863”計劃電動汽車重大專項資助項目，具有純電動驅(qū)動、發(fā)動機(jī)單獨驅(qū)動（同時充電）、聯(lián)合驅(qū)動、電機(jī)啟動發(fā)動機(jī)，以及滑行再生制動5種基本工作模式。該混合動力客車動力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性達(dá)到國內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平，比傳統(tǒng)客車節(jié)油38，排放降低30。紅旗CA7180AE混合動力轎車紅旗牌混合動力轎車CA7180AE是按國家“863”計劃在國內(nèi)率先完成的具有產(chǎn)業(yè)化前景的轎車，它建立在紅旗轎車的基礎(chǔ)上，具有良好的性能和操作平順性。該款串聯(lián)式的混合動力轎車屬中、高檔轎車，0100KM的加速時間為14S，比傳統(tǒng)轎車節(jié)油約50，排放達(dá)歐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。奔騰B70混合動力轎車奔騰B70混合動力版轎車采用油電混合方式。動力系統(tǒng)采用雙電機(jī)方案，混合度為40/103，屬于全混合FULLHYBRID，亦稱重混合構(gòu)型。奔騰B70混合動力版轎車的成本是汽油版奔騰車型的兩到三倍，實現(xiàn)量產(chǎn)后成本會逐漸降低，即使如此混合動力版奔騰上市后，售價肯定比現(xiàn)有奔騰車型高，但高出的價格不會超過汽油版奔騰車型的30。上汽集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)2010年推出中混混合動力轎車，2012年上汽插電式強混轎車和純電動轎車將推向市場。在新能源汽車的研發(fā)上，上汽明確了以混合動力為重點，燃料電池為方向，同時加快替代產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)。混合動力汽車、燃料電池汽車、代用燃料汽車成為上汽集團(tuán)新能源戰(zhàn)略的三大重點。2010年上汽榮威750中混混合動力轎車將投放市場，在上海世博會期間上汽將投放150輛混合動力汽車在世博越江專線上運行。2012年，榮威550插電式強混轎車將上市，目前該車的動力系統(tǒng)前期開發(fā)已經(jīng)啟動，并且進(jìn)展順利。申新動號混合動力客車申新動號混合動力客車由上汽工程院與上海交通大學(xué)等單位聯(lián)合開發(fā)，具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。在申沃客車現(xiàn)有城市客車動力平臺上，“申新動號”采用一種并聯(lián)式混合動力電動汽車驅(qū)動方案，使混合動力電動汽車在純電動工況下空調(diào)、轉(zhuǎn)向、制動等附件仍然能夠正常工作而無需另加電動系統(tǒng)，同時利用超級電容，提高啟動功率、制動能量回收效率，從而提高整車動力性能、降低燃油消耗。車長10，寬25，高32，能容納76人。榮威750混合動力轎車榮威750中混混合動力轎車采用BSG系統(tǒng)（皮帶傳動的起動發(fā)電一體機(jī)），具備“智能停機(jī)零排放”和“環(huán)保與動力性兼?zhèn)洹眱纱笸怀鎏攸c，最高時速為205公里/小時，最大續(xù)駛里程達(dá)500公里。作為上汽首款面向產(chǎn)業(yè)化的自主品牌混合動力轎車，榮威750中混混合動力轎車可實現(xiàn)綜合節(jié)油率20左右。東風(fēng)集團(tuán)發(fā)展目標(biāo)計劃動投入330億，用10年時間來發(fā)展一系列包括混合動力汽車在內(nèi)的環(huán)保汽車。EQ7200HEV混合動力轎車EQ7200HEV混合動力轎車是“863”項目的重大專項和東風(fēng)汽車公司重大戰(zhàn)略項目。該轎車是以EQ7200車型（風(fēng)神藍(lán)鳥轎車）為基礎(chǔ)，采用電控自動變速箱與創(chuàng)新型并聯(lián)機(jī)電耦合的方案，配置直流永磁無刷電動機(jī)和鎳氫電池，計劃在“十五”期間實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化。產(chǎn)業(yè)化后，整車成本比EQ7200