1、呼吸科英語Bronchialasthma支氣管哮喘acidosis酸中毒Allergen,allergicreaction變異原，變態(tài)反應(yīng)bloodgasanalysis血氣分析Anaemia貧血Alveolar肺泡的antibiotic抗生素Atelectasis肺不張Lungabscess肺膿腫Athroscleroticheartdisease動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病Beta2-agonistB2受體激動劑Allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis曲霉菌ARDSacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸窘迫綜合征Percussio

2、nandauscultation叩/聽診Pulmonaryarterialstenosis肺動脈狹窄Adrenalglucocorticoid腎上腺糖皮質(zhì)激素BBiopsy活檢Bronchiectasis支氣管擴張Fiberopticbronchoscopicbiopsy纖支鏡活檢BALbronchoalveolarlavage支氣管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis支氣管炎，細支氣管炎Boop:bronchiolitisobliteranswithorganizingpneunomia閉塞性2田支氣管炎伴機化性肺炎Bronchoscopy支氣管鏡檢查CCAHDcoron

3、aryarterioscleroticheartdisease冠心病CPRcardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺復(fù)蘇CDILDchronicdiffuseinterstitiallungdisease慢性間質(zhì)性肺病COPDchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease慢阻肺Clubbedfinger杵狀指drycough干咳Cyanosis紫綃Nonproductivecough干咳Complication并發(fā)癥DDyspnea呼吸困難Differentialdiagnosis鑒另1J診斷Dischargediagnosis出院診斷EEmphysem

4、a肺氣腫pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞Acidbaseequolibrium酸堿平衡etiology病因?qū)WEmphysematous肺大泡Expectoration吐痰Exacerbation力口重Endogenous內(nèi)生的Exogenous夕卜生的FInterstitialpulmonaryfibrosis間質(zhì)性肺纖維化GGM+GramstainpositiveGm-GramstainnegativeHHypersensitivitypneumonia過敏性肺炎Hemoglobin血紅蛋白Hemoptysis咯血Hemorrhage出血HRCThigh-resolutioncomp

5、uterizedtomography高分辨CTHistology組織學(xué)Hypoxia缺氧IIdiopathicinterstitialpneumonia特發(fā)間質(zhì)性肺炎Intratracheal氣管內(nèi)的Intravenous靜脈內(nèi)的NNoninvasiveventilation無創(chuàng)機械通氣OOSASobstructivesleepapneasyndrome阻塞性呼吸暫停綜合征PPulmonarysecondsound肺動脈瓣第二心音Pneumonia肺炎Pneumothorax氣胸PTEpulmonarythromboembolism肺動脈血栓栓塞癥Ventilation/perfusionra

6、tio通氣血流比Pleura胸腔積液Primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原發(fā)性支氣管源性肺癌Provocationtest激發(fā)試驗Parenchymal實質(zhì)的（insterstial間質(zhì)的）Plumonaryedema肺水腫Lobarpneumonia大葉性肺炎2/3Lobularpneumonia小葉性肺炎RMoistrales濕羅音Dryrales干羅音SSaO2saturationinarterialblood動脈血氧飽和度Shortofbreath氣短Syncope暈厥Sarcoidosis結(jié)節(jié)病Segment段TTuberculosis結(jié)核病Tachypnea氣促

7、Thrombosis血栓TBLBtransbronchiallungbiosy經(jīng)支氣管肺活檢Thoracoscopy胸腔鏡檢查UUpperrespiratorytractinfection上呼吸道感染W(wǎng)Wheeze哮鳴音其他facilitatingsputumexpectoration排痰releaseofbronchialspasm解痙細菌steptococcuspneumoiae肺炎鏈球菌staphylococcus葡萄球菌legionella軍團菌mycoplasma支原體chlamydia衣原體pneumococcus肺炎球菌video-assistedthoracoscopic-gu

8、ided'r?k?sk?up胸腔鏡lungbiopsyopenlungbiopsypleuralbiopsybiopsyofenlargedlymphnodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram(ECG)心電圖echocardiogram超聲心動圖V/Qisotope'ais?ut?up同位素scan(ventilation/perfusionscanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA(MagneticResonanceAngiography,?nd?i'?g?fi血管造影術(shù))pulmonaryangiographyDoppler'd?pl?

9、多普勒USSthigh。知腿andpelvis'pelvis骨盆(USS:ultrasoundscanning)cardiacmonitorPSG(polysommography)常見的病名diseasesacuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染commoncold普通感冒influenza流感,influ'enz?pharynigitis咽炎pharyngalgiaf?rin'g?ld?i?咽痛acutebroncho-bronchitis急性氣管-支氣管炎4/14pneumonia肺炎communityacquiredp

10、neumonia(CAP)社區(qū)獲得性肺炎hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)醫(yī)院獲得性肺炎nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)醫(yī)院內(nèi)肺炎bronchiectasis支氣管擴張chornicbronchitis慢性支氣管炎pulmonaryemphysema肺氣腫chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(acuteexacerbating)AECOPDCOPD急性發(fā)作bronchialasthma支氣管哮喘allergicrhinitisrai'naitis過敏性鼻炎respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭lungabs

11、cess肺膿腫pulmonarytuberculosis肺結(jié)核病lungcancer:肺癌primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原發(fā)性支氣管肺癌squamous'skweim?scellcarcinoma鱗癌adenocarcinoma腺癌'?d?n?u,ka:si'n?um?bronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支氣管肺泡細胞癌smallcelllungcarcinoma(SCLC)小細胞肺癌pulmonarymetastasis肺轉(zhuǎn)移瘤m?t?st?sispulmonaryembolism(PE)肺栓塞pulmonarythrom

12、boembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞癥,0mb?u'emb?liz?mpulmonaryinfarction肺梗死deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深靜脈血栓形成empyema膿胸,empai'i:m?pneumothorax氣胸pyopneumothorax膿氣胸'pai?u,nju:m?u'9r?kschronicsuppurativedisease慢性化膿性疾病's?pju?r?tiv,-reitivcongenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫綃性心臟病,sai?n?tikcorpulmonale肺源性心臟病'

13、;k?:,pum?n?lipulmonaryhypertension肺動脈高壓pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性月百病en,sef?'l?p?0irightheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病interstitiallungdisease,ILD彌漫性間質(zhì)性肺疾病idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特發(fā)性肺纖維化,idi?'p?Oikcryptogenic,kript?u'd?enik隱源性的fibrosingalveolit

14、is,CFA隱源性纖維化性肺泡炎connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases結(jié)締組織相關(guān)性肺疾病systemiclupus'lju:p?s狼瘡erythematosus,SLE系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡dermatomyositis皮肌炎sarcoidosis結(jié)節(jié)病,sa:k?i'd?usisPulmonaryalveolarproteinosis,pr?utii'n?usis,PAP肺泡蛋白沉積癥Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis'hi:m?u,sid?r?usis,hem-特發(fā)性肺含鐵血黃素沉著病Langerhan

15、scellgranulomatosis朗格漢斯細胞肉芽腫病'gr?nju,l?um?'t?usisEosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽腫,i:?sin?filikHistiocytosisX組織細胞增多癥XWegenergranulomatosisWegener肉芽腫extrinsicallergicalveolitis外源性過敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis塵肺'nju:m?,k?uni'?usisdrug-inducedlungdisease藥物性肺病aspergillosis?,sp?:d?i'l?usis曲菌?。篴llerg

16、icbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)pleuraldisease胸膜疾病broncho-pleuralfistula支氣管胸膜痿'fistjul?oralcandidiasis口腔念珠菌病，鵝口瘡,k?ndi'dai?sisosteoporoticbonechange骨質(zhì)疏松樣改變glaucoma青光眼cataract白內(nèi)障acutelunginjury,ALI急性肺損傷acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫綜合征urticaria尊麻疹eczema濕疹hypertension高血壓diabe

17、tes糖尿病beadministered,treatsb.withempirical經(jīng)驗性的，prophylactic,pr?fi'l?ktik,pr?u-預(yù)防性，remedialri'mi:di?l治療性Expectorant祛痰藥eks'pekt?r?ntMucolytics粘液溶解劑,mju:k?u'litik常用的藥物drugsoragentsbronchodilator支氣管擴張劑,br?k?udai'leit?B2-agonists'?g?nist14奮齊U:short-acting:salbutamol沙丁胺醇s?l'bju

18、:t?m?(:)llong-acting:salmeterol沙美特羅muscarinic,m?sk?'rinik毒蕈堿樣的antagonists?n't?g?nist對抗劑：ipratropiumbromide'br?umaid異丙托澳胺aminophylline氨茶堿?,mi:n?u'fili:nsteroids'sti?r?id類固醇inhaled:budesonide布地奈po(per德，os).,beclomethasone,bekl?u'meOs?un倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic:prednisolone&

19、#39;pred'nis?l?un強的松hydrocortisone,haidr?u'k?:tiz?un氫化可的松iv.mastcellstabilizers:cromoglycatesodium色甘酸鈉leukotriene,lju:k?u'trai?n白三烯receptorantagonists:montelukast孟魯司特respiratorystimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamideni'kemaid?-mid尼可剎米cardiactonic強心劑diuretics利尿劑,daiju?retikalbumin白蛋白'?

20、lbjuminantitussiveagents鎮(zhèn)咳藥,?nti't?sivammoniumchloride氯化鏤?'m?unj?m鏤'kl?:raid氯化物ambroxol氨澳索(mucosolvan沐舒坦)Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治療措施loworhighflowoxygen:nasalcannulae'k?njuli:鼻導(dǎo)管，Venturiven'tju?ri文里氏face-masknebulizer'nebjulaiz?噴霧器:finerparticlesize(3to20um)allowstracheobronchialdepos

21、itionmetereddoseinhaler(MDI)定量霧化吸入器viaintubation,intju:'bei?n插管，tracheostomy,tr?ki'?st?mi,trei-氣管造術(shù)，tracheotomy,tr?ki'?t?mi,trei-氣管切開術(shù))synchronizedintermittentmandatoryventilation,SIMV同步間歇指令通氣pressuresupportventilation,PSV壓力支持通氣thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺術(shù),9rk?sen'tesischestdrain/drainage弓I流

22、術(shù)chemotherapy化療radiationtherapy放療pneumonectomy肺切除術(shù),nju:m?u'nekt?milobectomyoflung,pulmonarylobectomy肺葉切除術(shù)l?u'bekt?mi葉切除術(shù)thoracotomy開胸術(shù)，胸廓切開術(shù),ar?'k?t?mipleurodesis胸膜剝脫術(shù)pleurectomy胸膜切除術(shù)pleuraladhesion胸膜粘連術(shù)thromboendarterectomy血栓動脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)inferiorvenacavafilter下月空靜脈過濾器cystic'sistik囊性的/vari

23、cose'v?rik?us曲張樣/cyclindrical柱-tram-tracks軌道樣hemoptysisdeviation:tracheaandapex'eipeks尖端shiftcontralaterally對立的旁邊CXR:translucencytr?nz'lju:s?nsi半透明+collapse倒塌：visiblerim邊緣refractoryorrecurrent周期性的：pleurodesis胸膜固定術(shù),pleurectomyplu'rekt?mi胸膜切除術(shù),bulla'bul?大皰stapling裝訂orlasering激光常用的化

24、療藥9/14cisplatin順鉗Gemcitabine吉西他濱：Gemzar（鹽酸吉西他濱注射劑）paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他賽（泰素帝）常見的抗生素beta-lactamantibiotics:inhibitcellwallsynthesispenicillinskintestamoxicillin阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactamsodium哌拉西林/他哇巴坦鈉ticarcillin/clavulanatepotassium替卡西林/克拉維酸鉀cephamycin頭抱菌素類cefradine頭抱拉咤cefaclo

25、r頭抱克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam頭抱哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone頭抱曲松cefpiramide頭抱口比咤ceftazidime頭抱他定ceftizoxime頭抱吵污carbopenems碳青霉烯類azactam氨曲南meropenem美羅培南imipenemandsodiumcilastatin亞胺培南/西司他丁鈉（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides糖肽類inhibitcellwallassemblyvancomycin萬古霉素norvancomycin去甲萬古霉素teicoplanin替考拉林Macrolides大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類：inhibitproteins

26、ynthesisroxithromycin羅紅霉素clarithromycin克拉霉素azithromycin阿奇霉素erythromycin紅霉素Aminoglycosideantibiotics:氨基糖昔類reno-andototoxicinhibitinitiationandelongationprocessduringproteinsynthesisamikacin阿米卡星（丁胺卡刃B）gentamicin慶大霉素streptomycin鏈霉素Sulfamido磺胺類sulfamethoxazolecompound（SMZ.CO）Quinolones唯諾酮類：inhibitDNAgyr

27、asenorfloxacin諾氟沙星ofloxacin氧氟沙星levofloxacin左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin加替沙星moxifloxacin莫西沙星ciprofloxacin環(huán)丙沙星Tetracycline四環(huán)素類minocycline美滿霉素Nitromidazole石肖基咪哇類metronidazole甲硝吵tinidazole替硝口坐ornidazole奧硝門坐Antitubercularagents抗結(jié)核藥rifampicin禾U福平rifapentine利福噴丁isoniazide,isonicotinichydrazideacidINH異煙月并pyrazinamide口

28、比嗪酰胺ethambutol乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycoticdrug抗真菌藥nystatin制霉菌素amphotericin兩性霉素Bfluconazole氟康吵voriconazole伏立康吵itraconazole伊曲康口坐Antivirusagentsribavirin禾U巴韋林oseltamivir奧司他韋acyclovir阿昔洛韋ganciclovir更昔洛韋valaciclovir伐昔洛韋foscarnetsodium,phosphonoformicacid瞬甲酸鈉(可耐)lamivudine拉米夫定entecavir恩替卡韋常見的病原微生物microorgan

29、ism,microbe微生物bacterium細菌lipopolysaccharide(LPS)月旨多糖antibiotics抗生素pyrogen致熱原exotoxin外毒素endotoxin內(nèi)毒素Gramstain革蘭染色Colonyformingunit,CFU集落形成單位antibacterialagents抗菌藥resistance耐藥性ESBLs:extendedspectrumB-lactamases超光譜B內(nèi)酰胺酶MRSA:methicillin-resistantstaphylococcusaureus耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌bacteremia菌血癥toxemia毒血癥11/

30、14endotoxemia內(nèi)毒素血癥septicaemia敗血癥pyemia膿毒血癥pathogen致病原pathogenicity致病，性virulence毒力medianlethaldose(LD50)半數(shù)致死量medianinfectivedose(ID50)半數(shù)感染量virus病毒replication復(fù)制viremia病毒血癥normalmicrobiota,microflora,normalflora,physiologicalmicrobiota正常微生物群floradisequilibrium菌群失調(diào)dysbacteriosis菌群失調(diào)癥opportunisticinfecti

31、on機會性感染conditionedinfection條件致病性感染endogenousinfection內(nèi)源性感染exogenousinfection外源性感染antimicrobialsusceptibilitytesting藥物敏感試驗minimuminhibitoryconcentration(MIC)最小抑菌濃度minimumbactericidalconcentration(MBC)最小殺菌濃度disinfection消毒sterilization滅菌asepsis無菌aseptictechnique無菌技術(shù)bacteriostasis抑菌antisepsis防腐disinfect

32、ant消毒齊Ubacteriostaticagent抑菌齊Ubactericide殺菌劑autoclavingorsteamunderpressuresterilization高壓蒸汽滅菌法ultravioletradiation,UV紫外線isolationprecaution隔離預(yù)防artificialactiveimmunization人工主動免疫vaccination疫苗接種killed/inactivatedvaccine死/滅活疫苗attentuatedlivevaccine減毒活疫苗toxoid類毒素artificialpassiveimmunity人工被動免疫antitoxin

33、抗毒素gammaglobulin丙種球蛋白Staphylococcusaureus金黃色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negativestaphylococci凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌Staphylococcusepidermidis表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcuspneumoniae,pneumococcus肺炎鏈球菌Viridansstreptococci草綠色鏈球菌Escherichiacoli大腸埃希菌Klebsiellapneumoniae肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonasaeruginosa銅綠假單胞菌Haemophilusinfluenzae流感嗜血桿菌Legionell

34、a軍團桿菌屬Enterobactercloacae陰溝腸桿菌Serratia沙雷菌屬Proteusvulgaris普通變形桿菌Acinebacter不動桿菌屬Neisseriameningitis,meningococcus月齒膜炎鏈球菌Neisseriagonorrhoeae,gonococcus淋病奈瑟菌Shigella,dysenterybacterium痢疾桿菌Salmonellatyphi傷寒沙門菌Vibriocholerae霍亂弧菌Helicobacterpylori幽門螺桿菌Campylobacterjejuni空腸彎曲菌Mycobacterium,acid-fastbacill

35、i分枝桿菌屬，抗酸桿菌Mycobacteriumtuberculosis,tuberclebacillus結(jié)核分枝桿菌Purifiedproteinderivate,PPDOldtuberculin,OTAtypicalmycobacteria非結(jié)核分枝桿菌Mycobacteriumleprae麻風(fēng)分枝桿菌Anaerobicbacterial厭氧性細菌Clostridiumtetani破傷風(fēng)梭菌Clostridumperfringens產(chǎn)氣莢膜梭菌Clostridumbotulinum肉毒梭菌Clostridumdifficile艱難梭菌antibiotic-associateddiarrhea抗生素相關(guān)性腹瀉pseudomembranouscolitis假膜性結(jié)腸炎Corynebacte