1、Lecture ThreeTranslation Methods I. Discussion of AssignmentII. Translation methods Step 1 Questions for discussion Step 2 Literal translation & free translation Step 3 Application of literal &free translation Step 4 Remedial Methods Step 5 Foreignizing & domesticating method Step 6 Other translatio

2、n methods III. Summary IV. assignments Teaching Procedures I. Put the following into English or vice versa: A) 1. delicate skin 2. delicate porcelain 3. delicate living 4. delicate health 5. delicate stomach 6. delicate vase 7. delicate diplomatic question 8. delicate difference 9. delicate surgical

3、 operation 10. delicate sense of smell 11. delicate touch 12. delicate food 嬌嫩的皮膚精致的瓷器奢侈的生活虛弱的身體容易吃壞的胃易碎的花瓶微妙的外交關(guān)系細(xì)微的差別難做的外科手術(shù)靈敏的嗅覺(jué)生花妙筆美味食品Discussion of Assignment B) 1. 申請(qǐng)書(shū) 2. 報(bào)告書(shū) 3. 協(xié)議書(shū) 4. 說(shuō)明書(shū) 5. 旅行委托書(shū) 6. 成交確認(rèn)書(shū) 7. 電視機(jī)使用說(shuō)明書(shū) 8. 白皮書(shū) 9. 家書(shū) 10. 文憑/畢業(yè)證書(shū)letter of applicationreportagreementdirections/inst

4、ructionbooking formsales confirmationTV operation guidewhite book/statement, documentletter (from) homediploma/degree certificateDiscussion of AssignmentC) Functional equivalent:1. A little flattery would set him carried away.2. You can never be too careful in answering an English paper.3. Sumptuous

5、 banquets, financed by state money, have long been a bane on Chinese society.4. The raising of twenty-five thousand pounds was a task altogether beyond her powers. 5. The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.6. Money can make a mare go.7. 他非常討厭多愁善感無(wú)病呻吟。 8. Do you see

6、 any green in my eyes? 他只要聽(tīng)到幾句恭維話就會(huì)得意忘形。答英語(yǔ)卷越認(rèn)真越好。公費(fèi)吃喝是群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的不良之風(fēng)之一。要籌集2萬(wàn)5千英磅她完全無(wú)力辦得到。不屑于干自己工作的人終有一天會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不配干那份工作。有錢(qián)能使鬼推磨。He has a strong dislike for the sentimental.你認(rèn)為我幼稚可欺嗎?Discussion of AssignmentWhat translation methods have you ever heard? What are they?What is word-for-word translation?What i

7、s dynamic translation?What is literal translation? What is the difference between word-for-word translation and literal translation?How do you understand domesticating and foreignizing? How do you understand the relationship between “l(fā)iteral translation and dynamic translation” and “domesticating an

8、d foreignizing”?Translation MethodsStep 1 Questions for discussion Step 2: Literal Translation &Free Translation Literal translation is to translate something literally, that is, the translation will be definitely determined word for word, phrase for phrase, and the sequences of words and phrases wi

9、ll not be changed. The expression in the target language must be expressive and readable. What is literal translation?Translation Methodsto fish in troubled waterto add fuel to the fire a gentlemans agreementpaper tigerBlood is thicker than water.crocodiles tearsFor examples:渾水摸魚(yú)火上加油君子協(xié)定紙老虎血濃于水鱷魚(yú)的眼淚

10、Translation Methods Step 2: Literal Translation &Free Translation 地方保護(hù)主義地方保護(hù)主義反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)禮儀小姐禮儀小姐一國(guó)兩制一國(guó)兩制人才市場(chǎng)人才市場(chǎng)綠色長(zhǎng)城綠色長(zhǎng)城支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)追星族追星族For examples:regional protectionismcampaign against competition by inappropriate meansritual girlone country, two systemtalent marketthe Green Great Wallpillar indu

11、strystar chaserTranslation Methods Step 2: Literal Translation &Free Translation Free translation, also called dynamic translation, is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the _and_ of the original without trying to reproduce its _or . A translator pays more attention to _ and_ . B

12、ut he or she has to be careful with faithfulness. Otherwise, it is not accepted translation.What is free translation?meaningspiritsentence patternsfigures of speechsmoothnesseleganceTranslation Methods Step 2: Literal Translation &Free Translation 1) Adams apple2) biological parents 3) It rains cats

13、 and dogs (elephants and whales). 4) Will a duck swim? 5) Do you see any green in my eye? 6) a nuclear family 7) Justice has long arms. 8) Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 9) The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters. 10) They ran away as fast as their legs could c

14、arry them.Free TranslationFor examples: 喉結(jié)喉結(jié)親生父母親生父母大雨滂沱大雨滂沱那還用說(shuō)嗎？那還用說(shuō)嗎？你以為我是幼稚可欺的嗎?小家庭小家庭天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏。天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏。昨夜我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他鼾聲如雷。昨夜我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他鼾聲如雷。關(guān)于增稅的談?wù)摷づ嗽S多選民關(guān)于增稅的談?wù)摷づ嗽S多選民 。他們拼命奔逃，連吃奶的力氣都用上了。他們拼命奔逃，連吃奶的力氣都用上了。 Step 2: Literal Translation &Free Translation Translation Methodsa. Total equivalents :1. to go throu

15、gh fire and water 2. as easy as turning over ones hand3. to kill two birds with one stone4. hang by a hair5. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 6. Beauty lies in the lovers eyes. 7. More haste, less speed. 赴湯蹈火 易如反掌 一石二鳥(niǎo); 一箭雙雕 千鈞一發(fā)雙鳥(niǎo)在林不如一鳥(niǎo)在手 情人眼里出美人 欲速則不達(dá) Translation Methods Step 3: Applic

16、ation of Literal Translation &Free Translation b. Similar structures or tones in both the languages1. Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled.2. I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitemen

17、t because he didnt even forget me. 部分由于日益增長(zhǎng)的需求， 批發(fā)茶價(jià)幾乎翻了一翻。我讀到他的信時(shí)即驚又喜， 驚的是他還健在， 喜的是他一直沒(méi)有忘記我。 Step 3: Application of Literal Translation &Free Translation Translation Methods1.draw blood2.hang on sbs lips 3.to be full of beans4.bury ones head in the sand5.move heaven and earthFor examples:傷人感情; 惹人生氣

18、言聽(tīng)計(jì)從精神旺盛; 精力充沛采取鴕鳥(niǎo)政策想方設(shè)法; 千方百計(jì) Step 3: Application of Literal Translation &Free Translation Translation Methods1. 黑心棉2. 二進(jìn)宮 3. 四有新人For examples:waste cottonto get re-arrested by the policea new generation of well-educated and self-disciplined people with lofty ideas and moral integrity Step 3: Appli

19、cation of Literal Translation &Free Translation Translation Methods1) 姜太公釣魚(yú), 愿者上鉤。 2) 杞人憂天: 3) 史記：4) 離騷：5) 紅樓夢(mèng)：For examples:Step 4 Remedial Methods Literal translation with explanations Like the fish rising to Chiang Tai Gongs hookless and baitless linewillingly fall into the snarelike the man of Ch

20、i who was haunted by the fear that the sky might fall-unnecessary anxiety.Shiji, Historical Records by SimaqianLi Sao, a long poem of patriotismA Dream of Red Mansion/Shitouji/the Story of the Stone, Red Chamber，novel published in the early Qing Dynasty by Cao XueqinTranslation Methods1) 民工潮2) “三講”教

21、育: 3) 安居工程：For examples:Farmers frenzied hunt for work in cities“Three emphasis ” education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and conductHousing project for low-income familyStep 4 Remedial Methods Combination of literal and free translation with explanations Translation Methods Fore

22、ignizing: shed crocodile tears: have an ace up your sleeve: be armed to the teeth: keep face: a stick-and-carrot policy: They dare say no to the superpowers! 灑鱷魚(yú)淚袖中藏有王牌(錦囊妙計(jì), 歸化)武裝到牙齒保全面子大棒加胡蘿卜政策(打一巴掌再給個(gè)甜棗, 歸化)他們敢對(duì)那些超級(jí)大國(guó)說(shuō)不！Translation Methods Step 5: Domesticating and ForeignizingDomesticating: 一箭之遙

23、： 掛羊頭賣(mài)狗肉: 鶴立雞群： 山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱(chēng)大王： 過(guò)著牛馬不如的生活： 說(shuō)曹操，曹操到：at a stones throwcry wine and sell vinegarstand out like a peacock in a barnyardAmong the blind the one-eyed man is king.live a dogs lifeTalk of the devil, and the devil comes.Step 5: Domesticating and ForeignizingTranslation MethodsDomesticating: 一箭之遙

24、： 掛羊頭賣(mài)狗肉: 鶴立雞群： 山中無(wú)老虎，猴子稱(chēng)大王： 過(guò)著牛馬不如的生活： 說(shuō)曹操，曹操到：at a stones throwcry wine and sell vinegarstand out like a peacock in a barnyardAmong the blind the one-eyed man is king.live a dogs lifeTalk of the devil, and the devil comes.Translation MethodsStep 5: Domesticating and Foreignizing1.推演法(deduction) co

25、mmunity business community legal community Sarah communityStep 6 Other Translation MethodsTranslation Methods2. 移植法(transplant) microwave supermarket right-wing outpartyTranslation MethodsStep 6 Other Translation Methods3.引申法(extension) brain mind bottleneck There is more to their life than politica

26、l and social and economical problem; more than transient everydaynessTranslation MethodsStep 6 Other Translation Methods4. 替代法(substitution) Washington and Moscow still dominate arms market5. 釋義法(explanation)6. 綴合法(combination) exploring and surveyingTranslation MethodsStep 6 Other Translation Metho

27、ds7.音譯法(transliteration) gene MastercardTranslation MethodsStep 6 Other Translation MethodsJudge how the following are translated.1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privacy and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in

28、the judgment and disposition of business. 讀書(shū)足以怡情，足以博采，足以長(zhǎng)才。其怡情也，最見(jiàn)于獨(dú)處幽居之時(shí)；其博采也，最見(jiàn)于高談闊論之中；其長(zhǎng)才也，最見(jiàn)于處世判事之際。2. Our hopes and plans are scattered to the four winds.a. 我們的希望和計(jì)劃全落空了。b. 我們的希望和計(jì)劃被驅(qū)散，隨風(fēng)飄了。c. 我們的希望和計(jì)劃都被分散到四種風(fēng)里去了。Consolidation 3. This is an “egg-and-hen” question. a. 這是一個(gè)“雞蛋和雞”的問(wèn)題。 b. 這是一個(gè)“先有雞還

29、是先有蛋”的問(wèn)題。 c. 這是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論不休的問(wèn)題。 4. Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. a.十多年來(lái)， 失業(yè)人數(shù)一直頑固地拒絕壓縮。 b. 失業(yè)人數(shù)總是居高不下，已經(jīng)十多個(gè)年頭了。 c. 失業(yè)人數(shù)總是不收縮， 這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)持續(xù)多年了。 Consolidation 1. Literal translation & free translation 2. Application of literal &free translation 3. Remedial Methods 4.

30、Foreignizing & domesticating method 5. Other translation methods Summary I. Do the exercises printed on the handouts. II. Search on the Internet about tanslation works on demasticating and foreignizing.AssignmentsAssignmentsI. Put the following into Chinese or vice verse, paying attention to the und

31、erlined part. 1. They asked long lists of questions, numerically arranged, about the climate, products, laws, business chances, and statistics of the country in which the consul had the honor of representing his government. 2. One day he tried to sneak across the heavily guarded Swiss border to offe

32、r his services as a spy to the British. He was captured by the Germans, but he talked his way out.他們一、二、三、四地列了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題表， 向那位領(lǐng)事問(wèn)了一連串的問(wèn)題， 諸如領(lǐng)事派駐國(guó)的氣候、物產(chǎn)、法律、貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)以及種種的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料。他們一、二、三、四地列了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的問(wèn)題表， 向那位領(lǐng)事問(wèn)了一連串的問(wèn)題， 諸如領(lǐng)事派駐國(guó)的氣候、物產(chǎn)、法律、貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)以及種種的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料。Assignments 3. Many retirees are couch potatoes who like popping c

33、old beers and relaxing in front of their $2500 wide screen high definition television set. 4. 語(yǔ)言這東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的, 非下苦功不行. 5. 會(huì)議開(kāi)得冷冷清清, 有時(shí)甚至開(kāi)不下去了。許多退休者喜歡窩在沙發(fā)里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地看電視, 一邊手拿冰鎮(zhèn)啤酒, 一邊輕松地觀賞價(jià)值 2500美元的大屏幕高清晰度電視里的節(jié)目。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.The meetings were marked by s

34、uch absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.AssignmentsII. Judge how the following are translated. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. 2. Our hopes and plans are scattered to the four winds. 3. This is an “egg-and-hen” question. 4. Companies with a big staff in Beijing find themselves squeezed between high 5. Unemployment has stubbornly