1、第一編專題一閱讀理解考點1細(xì)節(jié)理解題1真題體驗2技法例析3即時鞏固4素能強(qiáng)化真 題 體 驗ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week，discover new personal qualities，and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dar

2、tmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team，and enjoy the great outdoor environment. Mr. Clemens140WWBattlefieldsand Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London，we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium.

3、 Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park，staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day，F(xiàn)riday，sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights. Mrs. Wilson425ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostCraftyFoxes(CRF)Four days

4、 of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags，cushions and decorations. Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles. Mrs. Goode30Potty aboutPotter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio，shop stop to buy picnic，stay overnight in an approve

5、d Youth Hostel in StreatleyonThames，guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations，picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch，boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks，before heading back to Exeter. Miss Drake150文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。這四則廣告分別介紹了四項適合學(xué)生的夏季活動安排。Which activity will you choose if

6、 you want to go camping？ _ AOUT. BWBP. CCRF. DPOT. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的go camping可以定位到第一則廣告。由該廣告中的“You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. ”可知，這是戶外探險活動，參與該活動可以劃獨木舟(canoeing)，也可以野營，因此選A項。AWhat will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson？ _ AT

7、ravel to London. BSee a parade and fireworks. CTour central Paris. DVisit the WW battlefields. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的Mrs. Wilson可以定位到第二則廣告。由該廣告中的“On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London，we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World Warbattlefields. ”可知，星期一參觀者到達(dá)倫敦，第二天即星期二

8、到法國北部參觀第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)場，這與D項內(nèi)容吻合。DHow long does Potty about Potter last？ _ ATwo days. BFour days. CFive days. DOne week. 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到最后一則廣告。該廣告提到參觀華納兄弟工作室、買野餐、在青年旅舍住一晚(stay overnight)，那么后面交代的坐船游覽查韋爾河就應(yīng)該是第二天的活動，由此推斷這個活動的持續(xù)時間是兩天。 AOpening TimesSundayFriday (closed on Saturday) 11：00am4：00pm，30th March

9、2nd November. Admission ChargesHall & GardensGardensAdults：12. 008. 00Groups：9. 005. 50Special EventsProducers Market13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival30th MayThe event celebrates its 22n

10、d anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market8th No

11、vemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，題材是旅游廣告。文章介紹了游覽霍爾克莊園的游客須知和四項特別的活動。How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester？ _A20 minutes. B25 minu

12、tes. C45 minutes. D90 minutes. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的How to Get to Holker部分中“By Car：. Approximate travel times：. Manchester1 hour 30 minutes. ”可知，游客從Manchester開車到Holker大約用一個半小時，也就是90分鐘。故選D。DHow much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens？ _A12. 00. B9. 00. C8. 00. D5. 50. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的

13、Admission Charges部分中Hall & Gardens一列與Groups一行的交叉點可知，旅游團(tuán)的一個成員游覽Hall & Gardens所需要的費用為9. 00。故選B。BWhich event will you go to if you want to see a live music show？ _AProducers Market. BHolker Garden Festival. CNational Garden Day. DWinter Market. 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的Winter Market 部分中“Wander among a variety of

14、shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. (流連于形形色色的禮品商店間，同時欣賞著現(xiàn)場的音樂演出和好看的街頭娛樂活動)”可知，如果想看現(xiàn)場的音樂演出，你就去Winter Market。故選D。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義，在高考中比重最大，在應(yīng)用文中尤為常見。做題時應(yīng)該注意：1明晰三種常見設(shè)問方式：細(xì)節(jié)理解題幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息。常見的命題方式有：名 師 點 津(1)特殊疑問句形式。以wh

15、en，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題。(2)判斷是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等的判斷是非的問題。此時要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。(3)以“According to. ”開頭的提問形式。(4)填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _ . 此類題目相對簡單，只要考生認(rèn)真并且細(xì)心，得分就會比較容易。2判斷三類正確選項特征：(1)同義替換。對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把lose ones job

16、換成了be out of work。有時候詞性或者語態(tài)有所變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important改成of importance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。(2)語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。(3)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項。3識別四類干擾選項特征：(1)擴(kuò)縮范圍：與文章細(xì)節(jié)部分吻合，部分相悖。(2)無中生有：明顯與文章內(nèi)容不符或沒有提及。(3)偷梁換柱：符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容。(4)張冠李戴：是文章細(xì)節(jié)，但不符合題干要求或不是要點。4牢記解題流程細(xì)節(jié)理解題無論以怎樣的方式提問，考生都要記住一個解題原則“

17、本本主義”，一切從原文出發(fā)，無需讀很多段落甚至全文后去歸納總結(jié)、分析推理，正確答案就對應(yīng)原文的某一處具體信息。第一步審讀題干和選項，回到原文定信息區(qū)間通過題干或選項中的關(guān)鍵詞找到定位點，開始精讀文章直到下一題的定位區(qū)域出現(xiàn)。只有兩種情況需要向上找尋信息：定位到的信息為數(shù)字串，或舉例說明部分；出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞(therefore，so，as a result)或代詞(that，these，it)。第二步將選項和原文一一對比，求同排異定答案利用“同義原則”，找出原文中與正確選項匹配的同義詞組，將原文出現(xiàn)的信息和選項進(jìn)行比對，確定正確選項。做任何閱讀理解題都不是找感覺，本質(zhì)上是找同義詞，解題時找出的

18、同義詞組越多，答案就越準(zhǔn)確，這是解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題的基本方法。技 法 例 析1直接信息題定位題干信息關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞速讀文章，尋找題干關(guān)鍵詞比對選項與原文廣告、演出信息、航班時間表等應(yīng)用文的閱讀，不必閱讀全文，宜采用“題干定位”法。先看題目，從題干中提取關(guān)鍵信息，采用速讀技巧快速定位，仔細(xì)比對選項與文中細(xì)節(jié)，確定答案。(2017全國卷，A片段)In the coming months，we are bringing together artists from all over the globe，to enjoy speaking Shakespears plays in their

19、own language，in our Globe，within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us. National Theatre of ChinaBeijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛會)will be the National Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. The companys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. T

20、his production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director，Wang Xiaoying. 典 例 Date & Time：Saturday 28 April，2. 30pm & Sunday 29 April，1. 30pm & 6. 30pmWhich play will be performed by the National Theatre of China？ARichard . BLoves Labours Lost. CAs You Like It. DThe

21、Merchant of Venice.解題思路第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 _第二步定位到原文信息句 _ _ 第三步比對選項得出答案 _the National Theatre of ChinaThis production of Shakespeares Richard will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director，Wang XiaoyingA2間接信息題同義互釋轉(zhuǎn)換細(xì)節(jié)理解題答案選項的表述通常不是用文章的原語，而是使用與文中詞語同義或近義的詞語來表達(dá)。此類題目相對較難，是容易失分的題型。需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，將

22、確定的文章信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的辨別。關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞掃讀原文，鎖定信息用同義、近義或反義的語言轉(zhuǎn)換(2018全國卷，A)Washington，DCBicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，DCDuration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the worldfamous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，DCYour guide will provide

23、 a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and the cherry blossoms disappear ！典 例 Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washin

24、gton，DCExplore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington，DCDuration：3 hours Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for

25、DCnewcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，DCin a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線)make cycling between the sites fun and

26、 relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，DCGet up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made fo

27、r photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1Which tour do you need to book in advance？ACherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，DCBWashington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

28、 CCapital City Bike Tour in Washington，DCDWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？ AMeet famous people. BGo to a national park. CVisit wellknown museums. DEnjoy interesting stories. 3Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide

29、？ACity maps. BCameras. CMeals. DSafety lights.解題思路第1題第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 _第二步定位到原文信息句根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞快速查找文章中的同義替換部分 _ _，此處 _作為動詞，與之構(gòu)成同義替換。嘗試解答 _book in advanceReserve your spot before availabilityreserveA第2題第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 _ 第二步根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 _定位到第三個小標(biāo)題，在本段快速查找文章中與關(guān)鍵詞 _同義替換部分 _，_指的是“使愉快，高興”之意。嘗試解答 _Capital City Bike Tour； en

30、joy interesting storiesCapital City Bike Tourenjoy interesting storiesentertain you with the most interesting storiesentertainD第3題第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 _ 第二步根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞快速定位到最后一個小標(biāo)題 _ ，此段提到 _ _ 。其中 _ 同義。嘗試解答 _at night provideat Night Bicycle TourAll riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lightsare e

31、quipped with與provideD3零散信息題整合歸納分析關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀題干，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞查找段落，劃定信息計算數(shù)據(jù)，整合分析從文章中找到包含所需信息的段落，迅速確定關(guān)鍵詞，然后重點理解。對于離散的細(xì)節(jié)理解或數(shù)字運算題，需要先找到與之相關(guān)的事實或數(shù)據(jù)，然后進(jìn)行分析整合。(2018全國，C片段)At present，the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relative

32、ly few lauguages，often spoken by many people，while hot，wet zones have lost，often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages； the Americas about 1,000； Africa 2,400； and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number

33、(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400. CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200. 典 例 解題思路第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息 _ 第二步定位到原文信息句_第三步整合推算得出答案 _less than 6,0

34、00 peopleThe median number(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6,000， which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. At present， the world has about 6,800 languages. B4正誤判斷題逐項擊破去偽存真關(guān)鍵詞：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，找到相關(guān)信息句對比選項和信息句，逐項擊破表達(dá)“絕對化”的選項一般不是正確的選項解答正誤判斷類的細(xì)節(jié)理解題，首先根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息和四個選項的內(nèi)容速覽文章，查找與之相關(guān)

35、的原文信息句，然后一一對比，找出完全與文章內(nèi)容相符的選項，并最終確定答案。(2017天津，B片段)Fifteen years ago，I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea，white buildings and green olive trees，I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best ph

36、oto of this panorama. 典 例 Unfortunately，just as I took out my camera，a woman approached from behind，and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me，this woman was here to stop，sigh and appreciate the view. Patient as I was，after about 15 minutes，my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually ta