WhathappenstoGlucosemadeinPhotosynthesis?Whatisthechemicalformulaforglucose?C6H12O6Remembertheformulathatshowsglucosesugarismadebyplantsduringphotosynthesis:6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

sunlightGlucosemoleculescontainalotofEnergyinchemicalbondsholdingthecarbon,hydrogen,andoxygentogether.Wecanthinkofglucosemadeinphotosynthesisasa“Bank”forenergystorage(butitcan’tbedirectlyused)Thebigquestionis:Howcanwegettheenergyoutofglucose(outofthebank)soitcanbeUSEDbycells?第一頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)THEENERGYCANBEREMOVEDINONEOFTWOWAYS.Whichwaydependsonwhetherthereis__________present.EnergyRemovalMethod#1:AerobicCellularRespiration(usingoxygen)EnergyRemovalMethod#2:AnaerobicRespiration(Fermentation)(nooxygenpresent)oxygen第二頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)AerobicCellularRespirationFormula:C6H12O6+6O2

→6CO2+6H2O+ATPenergyTheprocessofconvertingfoodenergyintoATPenergy,usedbyalllivingorganisms.Theprocessofaerobiccellularrespirationtakesplaceinorganellescalled_____________.Mitochondria______________________.Whynotbreakdownglucosedirectlyforenergy?Glucose90timesmoreenergythan1ATP.But,ifcellsbrokedownglucoseforenergy,toomuchenergywouldbereleasedandtherestwouldbewastedasheat.MitochondriaAbsorbglucoseandturnitintoATP第三頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)WhatisATP?AdenosineTriphosphate5-Carbonsugar(Ribose)Nitrogenousbase(Adenine)3PhosphategroupsEnergycurrencyforlivingcellsThechemicalbondsthatlinkthephosphategroupstogetherarehighenergybondsWhenaphosphategroupisremovedtoformADPandP,asmallpacketofenergyisreleased(justenoughforcellularactivities)第四頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)ATPisusedto______.Movemuscles,sendsignalsthroughyourbrain,digestyourfoodSynthesizemoleculesforgrowthandreproductionMovematerialsinandoutofcellsAsATPisbrokendown,itgivesoffusableenergytopowerchemicalworkandsomenonuseableenergyasheat.第五頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)Mitochondriaarecalledthe…“PowerhousesoftheCell”becausetheyproducesomuchusefulenergy!Thereare_________ofmitochondriaineachcell:AerobicRespirationproduces_____ofATPenergy.WithlotsofATP,youcangrowa______________and____________.Alargebodyismadeofmanycells(multicellular)thatneedlotsofenergyto“talk”toeachother.dozensLOTSlargebodymoveveryfast1glucose→36/38ATP第六頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)AerobicCellularRespirationThismethodrequires__________-it’swhyweneedtobreatheitin.Ifweexercise___________,weforceourbodytodocellrespirationfasterthanitreallycan,sowegointo“________________”andhaveto_________togetoxygenintoourbodiesASAP!oxygentoofastOxygenDebtpant第七頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)EnergyRemovalMethod#2:AnaerobicRespiration(Fermentation)(nooxygen)Ifoxygenismissing,(ex__________________________________________).Theenergyinglucosecanbeturnedintoa________________________inthecytoplasmofsomecells.WithoutoxygenandsolittleATP,theseorganismscanonlymakeenoughenergytopowera____________(averysmall,single-celledbody,likebacteria)______________________orbecomemulticellularbecausetheydon’thaveenough______________toallowmanycellsto“talk”toeachotherinonebody.Manyoftheseorganisms_______________________Anaerobicrespirationistheonlywaytheycan

getanyenergy.Inmudatbottomofpond,yourintestinesAsmallamountofATP(1glucose2ATP)UnicellularbodyAnaerobescan’tmovefastenergydon’tevenhavemitochondria(occursincytoplasm)第八頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)AnaerobicRespiration:UsesofFermentationbyPeopleProductionofYogurt:Bacteriafermentmilkandproducelacticacidwhichcurdlesthemilk.ProductionofAlcoholicbeverages:Yeastfermentsugarstoproduceethylalcoholandcarbondioxide.ProductionofBread:ThesecanbecalledLacticAcidorAlcoholicfermentation.第九頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)LacticAcidFermentationinHumanMuscleCellsWhenexercisingvigorously,youmaynotgetenoughoxygentoyourmusclecells.YourmusclecellswillbegintoproduceATPenergybywhichmethod?AnaerobicRespiration(nooxygen)Whathappensinyourmusclecells?Produceslacticacid,causespainandsoreness,oxygendebtThisiscalled__________________.Howisthisrepaid?BreathinginoxygenwillallowcellstobuildupATP,getridoflacticacidandturnitbackintoglucose.LacticAcidFermentation第十頁，共十三頁。細胞的呼吸(Cellular-Respiration)SUMMARYGlucosemustbeturnedinto_______toallowcellsto_______________________________.ATPcanbeproducedin______________________:1._________________________-Produces________ofATP.Madein___________________,Requires__________________.(breathing)2.____________________________________-Produces________ATPMadeinthe____________________,Makessome________________________forus.ATPUsetheenergyinglucoseOneofTwoWaysAerobicCe