TheStateofMobileInternetConnectivity2022Copyright?2022GSMATHESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY2022GSMAConnectedSocietyAuthors:AnneDelaporte,KalvinBahiaContributors:IsabelleCarboni,NadiaJeffrie,ClaireSibthorpe,MelleTielGroenestegePublished:October2022TheGSMAisaglobalorganisationunifyingthemobileecosystemtodiscover,developanddeliverinnovationfoundationaltopositivebusinessenvironmentsandsocietalchange.Ourvisionistounlockthefullpowerofconnectivitysothatpeople,industryandsocietythrive.Representingmobileoperatorsandorganisationsacrossthemobileecosystemandadjacentindustries,theGSMAdeliversforitsmembersacrossthreebroadpillars:ConnectivityforGood,IndustryServicesandSolutions,andOutreach.Thisactivityincludesadvancingpolicy,tacklingtoday’sbiggestsocietalchallenges,underpinningthetechnologyandinteroperabilitythatmakemobilework,andprovidingtheworld’slargestplatformtoconvenethemobileecosystemattheMWCandM360seriesofevents.WeinviteyoutofindoutmoreatFollowtheGSMAonTwitter:@GSMAGSMAIntelligenceisthedefinitivesourceofglobalmobileoperatordata,analysisandforecasts,andpublisherofauthoritativeindustryreportsandresearch.Ourdatacoverseveryoperatorgroup,networkandMVNOineverycountryworldwide–fromAfghanistantoZimbabwe.Itisthemostaccurateandcompletesetofindustrymetricsavailable,comprisingtensofmillionsofindividualdatapoints,updateddaily.GSMAIntelligenceisreliedonbyleadingoperators,vendors,regulators,financialinstitutionsandthird-partyindustryplayers,tosupportstrategicdecision-makingandlong-terminvestmentplanning.Thedataisusedasanindustryreferencepointandisfrequentlycitedbythemediaandbytheindustryitself.O@TheConnectedSocietyprogrammeworkswiththemobileindustry,technologycompanies,thedevelopmentcommunityandgovernmentstoincreaseaccesstoandadoptionofmobileinternet,focusingonunderservedpopulationgroupsindevelopingmarkets.Formoreinformation,pleasevisit/connected-societyTogetintouchwiththeConnectedSocietyteam,pleaseemailconnectedsociety@FCDOThismaterialhasbeenfundedbyUKAidfromtheUKGovernment;however,theviewsexpresseddonotnecessarilyreflecttheUKGovernment’sofficialpolicies.SidaThisdocumenthasbeenfinancedbytheSwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency,Sida.Sidadoesnotnecessarilysharetheviewsexpressedinthismaterial.Responsibilityforitscontentsrestsentirelywiththeauthor.3/76ContentsKeyfindings4Introduction81.Trendsinmobileinternetconnectivity2.Networkcoverageandinfrastructure263.Howpeopleareusingmobileinternet344.Keybarrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduse395.Conclusionandrecommendations58Appendix1:TheGSMAConsumerSurvey62Appendix2:Methodologyformeasuringhandsetanddataaffordability66Appendix3:Additionalfigures69Appendix4:Glossary74THESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY20224/765/76KeyfindingsMobileinternetusehasreached55%oftheworld'spopulation.Bytheendof2021,4.3billionpeoplewereusingmobileinternet,anincreaseofalmost300millionsincetheendof2020.Growthinmobileinternetadoptionhasalmostentirelybeendrivenbypeoplelivinginlow-andmiddle-incomecountries(LMICs).Asaresult,forthefirsttime,halfofthepopulationinLMICsisusingmobileinternet.Mobilebroadbandcoveragecontinuestoslowlyexpand,with95%oftheworld’spopulationcoveredbyamobilebroadbandnetwork.Attheendof2021,thecoveragegap–thoselivinginareaswithoutmobilebroadbandcoverage–represented5%oftheworld’spopulation(400millionpeople).Thecoveragegaphasonlyreducedby1percentagepoint(pp)peryearbetween2018and2021,showinghowchallengingitistocovertheremainingpopulation,whoarepredominantlypoorandrural.Intheleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs),morethanoneinsixpeopleliveinareaswithoutmobilebroadbandcoverage.Attheendof2021,therewere3.2billionpeoplelivingwithinthefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetworkbutnotusingmobileinternet.Withnetworkexpansionslowing,mobileinternetadoptionhasbeguntooutpaceincreasesinmobilebroadbandcoverage.Afterremainingrelativelyunchangedbetween2014and2019,theshareofthepopulationlivingwithinthefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetworkbutnotusingmobileinternet(i.e.theusagegap)decreasedfrom45%in2019to40%in2021.However,theusagegapremainssubstantialandisalmosteighttimesthesizeofthecoveragegap.Connectivityvariessignificantlybydifferentsocioeconomicgroupsandbycountryincomelevels,with94%ofthe‘unconnected’livinginLMICs.InLMICs,adultsinruralareasarestill33%lesslikelytousemobileinternetthanthoselivinginurbanareas.WomeninLMICsare16%lesslikelytousemobileinternetthanmenandprogressinreducingthemobileinternetgendergaphasstalled.AcrossLMICs,thepoorest20%intermsofincomeare49%lesslikelytoaccesstheinternetthantherichest20%.Attheendof2021,only20%ofthepopulationinLDCswereusingmobileinternet,comparedto55%inotherLMICs(excludingLDCs).Acrossallregions,therearenowmoremobileconnectionsusing3Gor4G/5Gsmartphonesthanbasicorfeaturephones.WhileSub-SaharanAfricaandSouthAsiahavethelowestshareofsmartphoneconnections,theyarealsotheregionswiththehighestgrowthrates.Overthelastfiveyears,theyhavehadaverageannualgrowthratesof20%.Datausageandnetworkqualitycontinuetoincrease–butwithapersistentgapbetweenhigh-andlower-incomecountries.Globalmobiledatatrafficperuserreachedmorethan8.2GBpermonthin2021,comparedto6.2GBpermonthin2020.Datausageisonaveragetwiceaslargeinhigh-incomecountries(HICs)thaninLMICs,withtheexceptionofIndia.UploadanddownloadspeedshaveimprovedbutthegapinnetworkqualitybetweenHICsandLMICsiswidening.Acrossthesurveyedcountries,mobileinternetusersareusingtheirmobilephonesmorefrequentlyforarangeofonlineactivities.Instantmessaging,voiceandvideocallingarethemostpopularinternetactivitieswithotheractivitiesgrowinginfrequencyofusage.Forinstance,theproportionofusersusingmobileinternetforeducationpurposesatleastonceaweekhasincreasedfrom27%to38%between2019and2021.Awarenessofmobileinternetcontinuestogrowbuthasslowedsignificantlysince2019.Inmostofthecountriessurveyed,morethan80%ofthepopulationwasawareofmobileinternetin2021.Womenandpeoplelivinginruralareasareincreasinglyawarebutstilllagbehindmenandthoselivinginurbanareas.Affordabilityandskillsremainthetwogreatestbarrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduse.Forexample,amongmobileuserswhoareawareofmobileinternetbutdon’tuseit,thetop-reportedbarrierspreventingmobileinternetusearestillaffordability,particularlyofhandsets,andliteracyanddigitalskills.AcrossLMICs,affordabilityofdatahascontinuedtoimprovebutaffordabilityofentry-levelinternet-enabledhandsetshasremainedrelativelyunchanged.Datacostshavecontinuedtoreduce.In2021,1GBofdatacostlessthan2%ofmonthlyincomein56%ofLMICscomparedto45%in2020.However,theaffordabilityofaninternet-enabledhandsethasnotsignificantlyimprovedacrossallregionsandforthepoorest20%ofthepopulation,thecostofahandsetrepresents54%oftheirmonthlyincome.THESTATETHESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY20226/767/76KEYFINDINGSINLOW-ANDMIDDLE-INCOMECOUNTRIESAdultslivinginruralareasarelesslikelythanKEYFINDINGSINLOW-ANDMIDDLE-INCOMECOUNTRIESAdultslivinginruralareasarelesslikelythanthoselivinginurbanareastousemobileinternetCONNECTED:oftheworld’sarenowusingmobileinternetForthefirsttime,halfofthepopulationinLMICsisusingmobileinternetpeopleAffordabilityandalackofliteracyanddigitalskillsremainthetopbarrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduseCOVERAGEGAP:USAGEGAP:oftheworld’spopulationlivewithinthefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetworkbutarenotusingitoftheworld'scoveredbymobilebroadbandwithmobilebroadbandcoveragecontinuingtoexpandslowlypeopleCONNECTIVITYvariessignificantlybysocio-economicgroupsandbycountryincomelevelTherearenowmoremobileconnectionsusingMOBILEINTERNETareusingtheirmobilephonesmorefrequentlyforarangeofonlineactivitiesofthe‘unconnected’liveinLMICsrtphonesinallregionsthanwithbasicorfeaturephonesKEYFINDINGSTHESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITYKEYFINDINGSWomenWomenarelesslikelythanmentousemobileinternetAFFORDABILITAFFORDABILITYofdatahascontinuedtoimprovebutaffordabilityofentry-levelinternet-enabledhandsetshasremainedrelativelyunchangedACROSSACROSSTHELMICSSURVEYEDInInmostofthecountriessurveyed,morethan80%ofthepopulationareawareofmobileinternetbuthasslowedsignificantlysince2019AWARENESSofmobileinternetcontinuestogrow7/7667/76THETHESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY2022THESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY2022Introduction8/769/76INTRODUCTIONOverthepastfiveyears,nearly1.4billionpeoplehavegainedaccesstotheinternetthroughamobilephoneandbytheendof2021,55%oftheworld’spopulationwasusingmobileinternet.Thisisprovidingpeoplewithaccesstocriticalinformationandservicessuchashealthcare,education,e-commerce,financialservicesandincome-generatingopportunities.Mobileistheprimary–andinsomecasesonly–waymostpeopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries(LMICs)accesstheinternet,particularlyforwomenandthoselivinginruralareas.Whilemobilehasbeendrivingdigitalinclusion,thereremainsignificantconnectivitygaps,with3.6billionpeoplewhostillcannotrealisethebenefitoftheinternet,eitherbecausetheyarenotcoveredbyamobilebroadbandnetworkor,moreoften,becausetheyfaceotherbarrierstousingmobileinternet.TheCOVID-19pandemicreinforcedtheimportanceofgettingaccesstotheinternet.Mobilephonesenabledpeopletomitigatesomeofthenegativeimpactsofthepandemicbyprovidingongoingaccesstoinformationandservicesonlinewhenmovementwasrestricted.However,thelingeringeffectsofthepandemicandtheunequalglobaleconomicrecoverythreatentoexacerbateinequalities.In2021,thesituationworsenedforthosewhoarealreadythemostlikelytobedigitallyexcluded–thepoorest40%oftheworld’spopulation,thosewithloweducationandwomen.1Thishighlightstheimportanceofcontinuingtomonitortheimpactofthepandemicondigitalinclusion,particularlyamongthosemostaffected.TheStateofMobileInternetConnectivity2022analysesthetrendsoverthelastfiveyears;inparticular,itfocusesontrendssince2019,beforetheonsetofthepandemic.Mobileinternetconnectivityisnotjustaboutcoveragebutalsoensuringthatpeopleareabletousetheinternettomeettheirneeds.Asdefinedbyamulti-stakeholderworkinggroupaspartoftheUnitedNationsSecretary-General’sRoadmapforDigitalCooperation,“meaningfulconnectivity”isaboutensuringusershaveasafe,satisfying,enrichingandproductiveonlineexperiencethatisaffordable.2Thisrequiresanexaminationofthekeybarriersandenablerstomeaningfulconnectivity,includinginfrastructure,affordability,skills,safetyandsecurity,andrelevantcontentandservices,eachofwhichareconsideredinthisreport.Thisreportpresentsthelatestupdatesonmobileinternetconnectivitygloballyandbyregion,withafocusonLMICs,where94%oftheunconnectedpopulationlive(Chapter1).Forthefirsttime,italsopresentsthedataonconnectivityforadultsonly.Thereportthenexaminesmobilebroadbandcoverageandinfrastructure(Chapter2).While5Gadoptionisgrowingrapidlyinhigh-incomecountries(HICs),3LMICsarestillcatchingupon3Gand4Gcoverage.Halfofthoselivingoutsidethefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetwork(200millionpeople)arenotevencoveredbya2Gnetwork.Chapters3and4focusonadultsinLMICs,providinginsightsintohowtheyareusingmobileinternetaswellasthebarrierstomobileinternetadoptionanduseforthosenotusingitandhowthesebarriershavechangedoverthepasttwoyears.Finally,Chapter5coversthekeychallengestoaddresstoensureeveryonecanconnecttotheinternet.ThefindingsofthisreportarebasedontheGSMAConsumerSurveyandtheGSMAMobileConnectivityIndex4(MCI),alongwitharangeofotherindustryreports.TheGSMAConsumerSurveyhasbeencarriedouteveryyearsince2017tounderstandaccessanduseofmobileandmobileinternetinLMICs.In2021,itwasconductedin10LMICs.5TheMCImeasuresthekeyenablersofmobileinternetconnectivityacross170countries(representing99%oftheworld'spopulation)against42indicatorsfortheperiod2014–2021.Theindicatorsaregroupedintofouroverarchingenablers:infrastructure;affordability;consumerreadiness;andcontentandservices.Together,theseprovideobjective,quantitativemetricstotrackthekeyenablersofmobileinternetadoptionandusage,aswellasinsightsfromconsumersonwhattheyusemobileinternetfororwhatpreventsthemfromusingit.61.WorldBank(2021).Poverty,medianincomes,andinequalityin2021:adivergingrecovery;WorldBank(2021).2021yearinreviewin11charts:theinequalitypandemic2.UnitedNationsSecretary-General’sRoadmapforDigitalCooperationandITU(2021).AchievinguniversalandmeaningfuldigitalconnectivitySettingabaselineandtargetsfor20303.GSMA(2022).TheMobileEconomy20224.Thewebtoolisavailableat5.Bangladesh,Egypt,Guatemala,India,Indonesia,Kenya,Mexico,Nigeria,PakistanandSenegal6.ForfurtherdetailsonthemethodologyfortheMCI,seeMobileConnectivityIndexMethodology.ForfurtherdetailsonthemethodologyoftheGSMAConsumerSurvey,seeAppendix1.mobileinternetconnectivityTheshareofthepopulationusingmobileinternetcontinuestosteadilyincrease.In2021,afurther300millionpeoplestartedusingmobileinternet,with92%fromLMICs.Withgrowthinmobilebroadbandcoverageslowing,mobileinternetadoptionisstartingtooutpacenetworkexpansion.Reachingthosewhoarenotyetusingmobileinternetdespitelivingwithinthefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetworkiscriticalsincetheyarethemajorityoftheunconnected.THESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY2022110/761.TRENDSINMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITYBytheendof2021,4.3billionpeoplewereusingmobileinternet,representing55%oftheworld’spopulation,upfrom31%in2014(seeFigure1).Thistranslatesintoalmost300millionpeoplecomingonlineinthepastyear.Mostofthepeoplewhostartedusingmobileinternetin2021camefromLMICs,where94%oftheunconnectedpopulationlive.Bytheendof2021,theshareoftheworld’spopulationlivinginareaswithoutmobilebroadbandcoveragestoodat5%,meaningthat400millionpeoplearestillnotcoveredbyamobilebroadbandnetwork.Since2018,thiscoveragegaphasreducedbyonly1ppayear(seeFigure1),highlightinghowtheremaininguncoveredcommunities–whicharepredominantlyrural,poorandsparselypopulated–arethemostchallengingtoreachinafinanciallysustainablemanner.Forexample,inleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs)almost30%ofpeoplelivinginruralareasarestillnotcoveredbyamobilebroadbandnetwork.Amuchlargerproportionoftheunconnectedliveinareasalreadycoveredbymobilebroadbandnetworks.Bytheendof2021,40%oftheworld’spopulation(3.2billionpeople)werelivingwithinthefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetworkbutnotusingmobileinternet.Whilethisusagegapremainedrelativelyunchangedbetween2014and2019,itdeclinedby300millionpeople(or5pp)overthepasttwoyears.However,theusagegapremainssubstantialandisnowalmosteighttimesthesizeofthecoveragegap.Itisworthnotingthatthesenumbersareforthetotalpopulation,someofwhomwouldneverbeexpectedtousetheinternet(e.g.younginfants).Indeed,takingadults(18yearsoldandabove)only,theusagegapstandsat25%,amuchsmallerthoughstillsignificantgap(seeSpotlight:Stateofmobileinternetconnectivityamongadults).FigureFigure1:Evolutionofglobalmobileinternetconnectivity,2014–20218%7%6%5%0.88bn24%1.77bn40%46%3.47bn45%3.26bn52%4.04bn2.29bn20142015201620172018201920202021ConnectedUsagegapCoveragegapBase:Totalpopulation,198countriesNote:Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.Everyyear,GSMAIntelligenceupdatesitsestimatesofthenumberofmobileinternetsubscribersineachcountry,incorporatingnew(and/orupdated)datafromoperators,regulators,nationalstatisticsagenciesandconsumersurveyswhereavailable.Insomecountriesandregions,estimatesofmobileinternetadoptionmaythereforedifferfromwhatwaspresentedinpreviousStateofMobileInternetConnectivityreports.Source:GSMAIntelligence39%2.93bn46%3.49bn46%3.53bn45%3.48bn55%4.32bn46%3.48bn43%3.23bn35%2.57bn43%3.35bn48%3.74bn1.43bn46%3.41bn1.09bn0.44bn0.64bn0.52bn0.41bn2/76THESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY2022ThereTherearetwowayspeoplecanbe‘unconnected’:eithertheyliveinanareanotcoveredbymobilebroadband,ortheyliveinanareathatiscoveredbutdonotusemobileinternet.Coveragegap:Thosewholiveinanareanotcoveredbyamobilebroadbandnetwork.Usagegap:Thosewholivewithinthefootprintofamobilebroadbandnetworkbutarenotusingmobileinternetservices.Connected:Peoplewhousemobileinternet.TheglobalconnectivityfiguresmaskwideregionaldisparitiesConnectivityvariessubstantiallybyandwithinregions.Sub-SaharanAfricaremainstheregionwiththelargestcoverageandusagegaps(seeFigure2).Nonetheless,asaresultofcontinuingmobilebroadbandinvestmentsintheregion,therehasbeenareductioninthecoveragegapfrom19%in2020to17%attheendof2021.MobileoperatorshaveexpandedcoverageincountriessuchasGhana(increasingfrom91%in2020to97%in2021)andNiger(from59%in2020to67%in2021).Sincetheuptakeofmobileinternettendstolagbehindcoverageexpansion,theusagegapisgrowingintheregion,standingat61%attheendof2021(seeFigure3).Forexample,ascoverageincreasedinGhanaandNiger,theusagegaprosefrom66%to71%andfrom48%to55%,respectively.Almost200millionpeopleliveinareaswithoutmobilebroadbandcoverageinSub-SaharanAfrica,butthisfiguremasksimportantdifferencesatthesub-regionallevel.InCentralAfrica,39%ofthepopulation(60million)remainsoutsidethereachofamobilebroadbandnetwork,whilethisstandsat16%inWesternAfrica(64million),13%inEasternAfrica(45million),and12%inSouthernAfrica(26million).Inotherregions,coveragedeploymentbroadlystalledin2021;atthesametime,thepercentageofthepopulationusingmobileinternetincreased,thusreducingtheusagegap.Intheseregions,theincreaseinmobileinternetuseinthelastyearcomesfrompeoplepreviouslycoveredbymobilebroadbandbutnotusingit.In2021,SouthAsiaandEastAsiaandPacifichadthebiggestincreasesinmobileinternetadoption,whichaccountedfor64%ofnewmobilesubscribersgloballybecauseofthelargepopulationsizesofbothregions.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,growthinmobileinternetuseincreasedmoreinHICs(whereitincreasedfrom62%in2020to67%in2021)thanLMICs(whereitincreasedfrom40%in2020to43%in2021).InLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,theregion’sbiggestcountry,Brazil,accountedformorethanathirdoftheconnectivitygains.Aroundtwothirdsofthecountry’spopulationnowusemobileinternet,similartotheregion’sotherleadingcountriessuchasChile,UruguayandArgentina.13/76Figure2:Stateofmobileinternetconnectivitybyregion,2021Europe&CentralAsiaMiddleEastNorthAmericaFigure2:Stateofmobileinternetconnectivitybyregion,2021Europe&CentralAsiaMiddleEastNorthAmerica&NorthAfrica5m40m20m60m300m310m290m190m90m20m230m680m1.02bn240m410m780m1.TRENDSINMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITYGLOBAGLOBAL2021CoveragegapUsagegapConnected4.32bn3.18bn410m170m660mLatinAmericaEastAsia&CaribbeanLatinAmericaEastAsia&Caribbean&PacificSouthAsiaAfrica40m720m1.64bnBase:TotalpopulationNote:Totalsmaynotaddupto100%duetorounding.Everyyear,GSMAIntelligenceupdatesitsestimatesofthenumberofmobileinternetsubscribersineachcountry,incorporatingnew(and/orupdated)datafromoperators,regulators,nationalstatisticsagenciesandconsumersurveyswhereavailable.Insomecountriesandregions,estimatesofmobileinternetadoptionmaythereforedifferfromwhatwaspresentedinpreviousStateofMobileInternetConnectivityreports.Source:GSMAIntelligence14/76THESTATEOFMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY2022Figure3:Evolutionofmobileinternetconnectivitybyregion,2019–20212%2%2%3%2%2%3%1%1%1%6%6%5%58%62%83%37%31%23%54%58%%52%62%40%%48%78%46%20%40%78%56%20%22%%43%4%37%59%30%68%33%65%22%75%36%25%72%201920202021EastAsia&Pacific201920202021Europe&CentralAsia201920202021LatinAmerica&Caribbean201920202021MiddleEast&NorthAfrica201920202021NorthAmerica201920202021SouthAsia201920202021Sub-SaharanAfricaConnectedUsagegapCoveragegapBase:Totalpopulation,198countries.Note:Totalsmaynotaddupduetorounding.Everyyear,GSMAIntelligenceupdatesitsestimatesofthenumberofmobileinternetsubscribersineachcountry,incorporatingnew(and/orupdated)datafromoperators,regulators,nationalstatisticsagenciesandconsumersurveyswhereavailable.Insomecountriesandregions,estimatesofmobileinternetadoptionmaythereforedifferfromwhatwaspresentedinpreviousStateofMobileInternetConnectivityreports.Source:GSMAIntelligence1.1.TRENDSINMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITY15/761.TRENDSINMOBILEINTERNETCONNECTIVITYTherearenowmoremobileconnectionsusing3Gor4G/5GsmartphonesinallregionsthanbasicorfeaturephonesGrowthinsmartphoneusecontinuesatasteadypace(seefigure4).Globally,smartphonesaccountedfornearlythreequarters(73%)oftotalmobileconnectionsin2021,comparedto69%in2020and47%in2016.Smartphoneconnectionsgrewby7%in2020andby9%in2021.ThismeansthatdespiteeconomicslowdownsbecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic,smartphoneconnectivityhascontinuedtosteadilyrise.Sub-SaharanAfricaandSouthAsiahadthehighestgrowthratesinsmartphoneconnectionsoverthepastfiveyearswithanaverageannualgrowthrateof20%ineachregion.FigureFigure4:Evolutionofsmartphones*asaproportionoftotalmobileconnectionsforHICsandLMICs(byregion),2016–202190%201620172018201920202021*Thesmartfeaturephonecategoryofhandsetsisincludedinthedefinitionofsmartphones.Source:GSMAIntelligenceHICsEastAsia&PacificEurope&CentralAsiaLatinAmerica&CaribbeanMiddleEast&NorthAfrica80%70%60%50%40%30%20%SouthAsiaSub-SaharanAfricaTH