書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東茂名幼兒師范專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“座談會’；penalty“懲罰”。句意：在過去的三十年里，跑步對于3000萬名各個年齡層的參與者來說成為了一種非常受歡迎的消遣方式。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Johndidn’twanttorisk（

）wetashehadonlyonesuit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getting

B.toget

C.beinggot

D.tobegotten

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞用法。約翰不想冒險（）濕，因?yàn)樗挥幸患馓住ｊP(guān)鍵risk后面接名詞或者動詞，不能接不定式，所以B、D選項(xiàng)排除。根據(jù)句意，語句中沒有被動含義而且主句主語是人，所以不能選C，答案選A。

3.單選題

We'veknownforalongtimeahigh-fatdiet,obesityandlackofexercisecanincreasetheriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseandtype2diabetes,twoconditionsaffectingmillionsofAmericans.Whatwearefindingoutnowisthosesamelifestylefactorsalsoplayanimportantroleincancer.That'sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisyoucandosomethingaboutyourlifestyle.Ifwegrewthinner,exercisedregularly,avoideddietsrichinredmeatandatedietsrichinfruitsandvegetables,andstoppedusingtobacco,wewouldprevent70percentofallcancers.

Thestrongestevidenceoftheimportanceoflifestyleincancerismostcommoncancersariseatdramaticallydifferentratesindifferentpartsoftheglobe.SeveralcancersthatareextremelycommonintheUnitedStates—colon,prostateandbreastcancer—arerelativelyrareinotherpartsoftheworld,occurringonly1/10or1/20asoften.Equallystriking,whenpeoplemigratefromotherpartsoftheworldtotheUnitedStates,withinagenerationtheircancerratesapproachthoseofuswhosefamilieshavelivedinthiscountryforalongtime.Evenifpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldliveintheirowncountries,butadoptaU.S.lifestyle,theirriskofcancerrises;asJapanesehaveembracedWesternhabits,theirratesofcolon,breastandprostatecancerhaveskyrocketed.

Whatisitaboutourlifestylethatraisestheriskofmanytypesofcancer?ThemainculpritsseemtobetheWesterndiet,obesityandphysicalinactivity.Whilewe'veknownabouttheimportanceoftobaccoandcancerformorethan50years,wearejustbeginningtounderstandhowdiet,ahealthybodyweightandregularexercisecanprotectusagainstcancer.

AstrikingexampleoftheprofoundinfluenceofdietwasreportedlastsummerinTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.Doctorsdeterminedtheeatinghabitsofpatientswithcoloncancerintheyearsfollowingsurgicalremovalofthecancer.Overthenextfiveyears,thosewhoateatraditionalWesterndiethadathreefoldgreaterlikelihoodofdevelopingarecurrenceofthediseasethandidthosewhoatea“prudent”dietrichinfruitsandvegetablesandincludingonlysmallamountsofredmeat.Howhaddietaffectedthesepatients?Thesurgeryclearlyhadnotremovedalltheircolon-cancercells:priortothesurgery,somecellshadalreadyspreadfromtheprimarytumor.TheWesterndiethadsomehowstimulatedthegrowthofthesesmalldepositsofresidualcancercells.

ObesityisthesecondmostimportantfactorincausingcancerinWesternpopulationsaftertobacco.Thereisevidencethatmaintainingahealthyweightisprotectiveagainstthedisease.AstudybytheAmericanCancerSocietyin2003foundtheheaviestpeople,incomparisonwiththeleanest,hadasignificantlyincreasedriskofdeathfrom10differentkindsofcancerinmen,and12differentkindsinwomen.Themostextremeexampleswerelivercancerinmenanduterinecancerinwomen.

1.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.ThestrikingexampleinTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationaimstoprove（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueastoparagraph5?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichonehasthehighestprobabilityinresultingincancer?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TherateofseveralextremelycommoncancersintheU.Sishigherby1/10or1/20.

B.Differentratesofmostcommoncancersindifferentregionsresultfromdifferentlifestyles.

C.PeoplewhomigratetotheUnitedStateshavehighcancerratesafterageneration.

D.Ifpeopleoutofthewesternworldstayathometheirriskorcancerwon’trise.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.surgicalremovalisnotreliablebecauseitcouldnoteliminateallcancercellsofcoloncancer.

B.thefiveyearsfollowingsurgeiyisdangerousinthatthereismuchlikehoodtohaverecurrence.

C.TheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationoftenreportsthelatestdiscoveryinscience.

D.Westerndiet,insomeuncertainway,excitesthegrowthofcancercellsafterthesurgery.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Accordingtoastudy,theheaviestpeoplearemostlikelytodieoflivercancer.

B.Theheaviestmenarelikelytodieofmorekindsofcancersthantheheaviestwomen.

C.Scientistspredictthattheheaviestpeoplearemorelikelytodieofcancers.

D.TobaccoisthemostimportantfactorincausingcancerinWesternpopulations.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Obesity,westerndietandhabitat.

B.Obesity,lackofexercisesandwesterndiet.

C.Obesity,lackofexercisesandtype2diabetes.

D.Westerndiet,lackofexercisesandheartdisease.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoCureCancer

B.ObesityandCancer

C.DietandCancer

D.LifestyleandCancer

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第二段可知下面哪個表述是正確的？”文章第二段第一句話提到“生活方式在癌癥形成方面的重要性的最有力的證據(jù)是：大多數(shù)常見癌癥在全球不同地區(qū)的發(fā)病率存在顯著差異”（Thestrongestevidenceoftheimportanceoflifestyleincancerismostcommoncancersariseatdramaticallydifferentratesindifferentpartsoftheglobe），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“不同地區(qū)最常見癌癥的不同發(fā)病率是由不同的生活方式引起的”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“《美國醫(yī)學(xué)會雜志》上刊登的這個引人注目的例子是為了證明……”。文章第四段最后一句話提到“西方飲食以某種方式刺激了這些殘留癌細(xì)胞的生長”（TheWesterndiethadsomehowstimulatedthegrowthofthesesmalldepositsofresidualcancercells），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪項(xiàng)表述是正確的？”文章第五段第一句話提到“在西方國家，肥胖是導(dǎo)致癌癥的第二大因素，僅次于煙草”（TheWesterndiethadsomehowstimulatedthegrowthofthesesmalldepositsofresidualcancercells），因此可知煙草是致癌的最重要因素，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)這篇文章，哪一個最有可能導(dǎo)致癌癥？”文章第一段提到“我們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的生活方式因素在癌癥中也起著重要的作用”（Whatwearefindingoutnowisthosesamelifestylefactorsalsoplayanimportantroleincancer），這些生活方式指得是ahigh-fatdiet,obesityandlackofexercise，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最適合文章的標(biāo)題是哪一項(xiàng)？”文章第一段提到高脂肪飲食、肥胖和缺乏鍛煉這些生活方式在癌癥的形成方面扮演一個重要的角色，隨后的內(nèi)容都是對此進(jìn)行論述，由此可知整篇文章都是在講述生活方式與癌癥的關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

WhilehewasinBeijing,hespentallhistime（）someimportartmuseumsandbuildings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.visiting

B.traveling

C.watching

D.touring

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)visit“訪問，拜訪，看望，參觀，訪問”，指短期行為，更多用于動作，目的性較強(qiáng)；B選項(xiàng)travel“長途旅行，經(jīng)過（某地區(qū)），（非正式）經(jīng)受得住旅行，（物體，放射線）移動，行進(jìn)，傳送”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從某處過到另一處，或者已經(jīng)完成的旅行；C選項(xiàng)watch“觀看，注視，守候，看守”，強(qiáng)調(diào)專注地看/注視移動著的物體，如看電視，看球賽等；D選項(xiàng)tour“旅行，旅游，作巡回演出”，常用來形容整個旅行，強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行的過程。句意：當(dāng)他在北京的時候，他把所有的時間都花在參觀一些重要的藝術(shù)博物館和建筑上。

5.單選題

TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shockedmeabout

B.whenhewalkedintothe

C.namely

D.hadimagined.

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】人稱代詞誤用。he改為she。句中queen（女王）指的是女性。

6.單選題

Theeconomiccrisismustpromptaprofoundreflectionamongthesummitparticipants,sincethose（）voicehasleastforceinthepoliticalscenearepreciselythose（）suffermostfromtheharmfuleffectsofacrisisforwhichtheydonotbearresponsibility.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.X...X

B.whose...who

C.which...who

D.which...X

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，第一個空為定語從句關(guān)系代詞，those為先行詞，指“那些人”，定語從句的主語應(yīng)該為“那些人的聲音”，缺定語，所以選用關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語。第二個空先行詞為those，所以先行詞為人，而且定語從句缺主語，選用關(guān)系代詞“who”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A:skeptical“懷疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲觀的”；C:incredulous“懷疑的”；D:incredible“難以相信的”。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政治家都是難以相信的，因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僬f實(shí)話。結(jié)合此處句意，政治家很少說實(shí)話，判斷出選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

8.單選題

Theskunkprotectsitselffromenemiesbysprayingthemwithasubstancethatstinks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stingstheeyes

B.smellsbad

C.causesitching

D.discolorstheskin

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。stink意為“有臭味，有難聞的氣味”；stingtheeyes意為“刺眼”；smellbad意為“難聞，刺鼻的怪味”；causeitching意為“引起瘙癢”；discolortheskin意為“使皮膚變色”。

句意：臭鼬通過噴灑一種散發(fā)臭味的物質(zhì)來保護(hù)自己免受敵人的攻擊。

9.單選題

Themedicine（

）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.activated

B.alleviated

C.mediated

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。activate“刺激，激活”；mediate“調(diào)停”；deteriorate“惡化”，alleviate“減輕”。句意：這種藥物減輕了他的痛苦，但是沒有治愈他。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Janewasina______astowhethertomarryPaul,whowaspoorbuthandsome,orCharles,whowasrichbutugly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.stigma

C.dilemma

D.predication

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)paradox“悖論，反論，似是而非的論點(diǎn)”，B項(xiàng)stigma“柱頭，恥辱，污名”，C項(xiàng)dilemma“困境，進(jìn)退兩難，兩刀論法”，D項(xiàng)predication“斷定，聲明”。由poorbuthandsome“貧窮但英俊”和richbutugly“富有但丑陋”可知，ina______表示“進(jìn)退兩難”。句意：簡進(jìn)退兩難，不知是嫁給貧窮但英俊的保羅，還是嫁給富有但丑陋的查爾斯。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Returningtoherapartment,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.herwatchwasmissing

B.shefoundherwatchdisappeared

C.shefoundherwatchmissing

D.herwatchwasmissed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.herwatchwasmissing她的表丟了B.shefoundherwatchdisappeared她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的表丟了

C.shefoundherwatchmissing她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的表丟了D.herwatchwasmissed她的表被丟了

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】空格前半句是非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語是she，因此空格處應(yīng)為句子主句。而miss是瞬間性動詞，一般不用于進(jìn)行時，所以要用disappear的過去分詞形式，理解為一種狀態(tài)（丟失了）。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)中的miss是瞬間性動詞，一般不用于進(jìn)行時；

D項(xiàng)中的邏輯主語與非謂語動詞的主語不一致。

【句意】回到公寓，她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的手表不見了。

12.單選題

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話是文章的中心句，提到“通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家可以預(yù)測太陽系其他部分的樣子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出太陽……”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時間差不多是太陽生命的一半，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“當(dāng)太陽變成紅色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會很熱，生命無法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于太陽發(fā)展的各個階段，下列哪個是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非?？陀^的態(tài)度來描述天文學(xué)家對太陽發(fā)展的預(yù)測，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。Alarmed“擔(dān)憂的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客觀的”。

13.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時扮演男性和女性角色。選項(xiàng)A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯誤；選項(xiàng)B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項(xiàng)A和B都有提及，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

14.寫作題

InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.Curiouslyenough,itwasanEnglishmanwithfewscientificcredentialswhoattemptedtoputforthanewmethodofacquiringknowledgethatmadeanimpactonEnglishscientistsintheseventeenthcenturyandotherEuropeanscientistsintheeighteenthcentury.FrancisBacon(1561-1626),alawyerandlordchancellor,rejectedCopemicusandKepletandmisunderstoodGalileo.AndyetinhisunfinishedworkTheGreatInstonararion(TheGreatRestoration),hecalledforhiscontemporaries"tocommenceatotalreconstructionofsciences,arts,andallhumanknowledge,raisedupontheproperfoundations."Bacondidnotdoubthumans’abilitytoknowthenaturalworld,buthebelievedthattheyhadproceededincorrectly"Theentirefabricofhumanreasonwhichweemployintheinquisitionofnatureisbadlyputtogetherandbuiltup,andlikesomemagnificentstructurewithoutfoundation."

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.Hisconcernwasmoreforpracticalthanforpurescience.Hestatedthat"thetrueandlawfulgoalofthesciencesisnoneotherthanthis:thathumanlifebeendowedwithnewdiscoveriesandpower."Hewantedsciencetocontributetothe"mechanicalarts"bycreatingdevicesthatwouldbenefitindustry,agriculture,andtrade.Baconwaspropheticwhenhesaidthat"Iamlaboringtolaythefoundation,notofanysectordoctrine,butofhumanutilityandpower."Andhowwouldthis"humanpower"beused?To"conquernatureinaction"Thecontrolanddominationofnaturebecameacentralpropositionofmodernscienceandthetechnologythataccompaniedit.Onlyinthetwentiethcenturydidsomescientistsaskwhetherthisassumptionmightnotheattheheartofthemodern

ecologicalcrisis.

【答案】InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.

15.單選題

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA，“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.’’

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2，Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan（）.

4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso（）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork2.Theword“gizmos”(Line2，Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.programs

B.experts

C.devices

D.creatures3.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan（）.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.interactwithhumanbeingsverbally

C.havealittlecommonsense

D.respondindependentlytoachangingworld4.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso（）.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

B.dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

C.improvefactoryenvironments

D.cultivatehumancreativity.5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

D.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人類的創(chuàng)造性最初表現(xiàn)在_________。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Humaningenuity”和“initially”可以定位到文章第一段開頭Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring，burdensome,orjustplainnasty.（從人類產(chǎn)生智慧初期至今，人們一直在設(shè)計越來越巧妙的工具來應(yīng)付那些危險的、枯燥的、繁重的或者直接就是骯臟的工作。），可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)明工具以處理困難和危險的工作”，符合題意。由于講的是最初的創(chuàng)造力，因此可以排除A選項(xiàng)“用機(jī)器來創(chuàng)作科幻小說”，B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)對機(jī)器的廣泛使用”和D選項(xiàng)“精英人士對危險和枯燥的工作的巧妙的處理”。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

2.詞義辨析題。題干：單詞“gizmos”（第二段第一行）最有可能的意思是_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Asaresult，themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.（由此引起的結(jié)果是，現(xiàn)代世界已經(jīng)充斥著越來越多的智能____，盡管我們幾乎都注意不到它們，但它們的普遍存在卻節(jié)省了許多人類勞力。），然后作者提及到了“工廠機(jī)械手”、“自動柜員機(jī)”以及“機(jī)器人駕駛員”等等。由此我們可以認(rèn)定這些設(shè)施都是對“gizmo”的舉例和解釋。而這幾樣?xùn)|西具有一個共同的特征，即它們都是“工具”。相比四個選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)“設(shè)備”最合適。A選項(xiàng)“程序”，B選項(xiàng)“專家”和D選項(xiàng)“生物”，均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)本文，現(xiàn)在超越人類能力范圍的是設(shè)計一種能________的機(jī)器人。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句話wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.（我們現(xiàn)在還沒法設(shè)計出能有足夠的常識去應(yīng)付一個動態(tài)世界的機(jī)器人。），因?yàn)樵摼渲械摹癲ynamic”就是“動態(tài)的、變化的”意思，因此我們可以判定選項(xiàng)D“對一個變化的世界獨(dú)立應(yīng)付”是可以目前不能做到，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。而C選項(xiàng)“有一些常識”，是可以做到的。第二段末尾提到therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy（已經(jīng)有一些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)可以進(jìn)行精確到亞毫米的腦部和骨骼手術(shù)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“完成諸如腦手術(shù)這樣的精細(xì)的工作”，是可以做到的，排除。第二段第三句話Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction（我們的銀行業(yè)務(wù)是在自動柜員機(jī)完成的，它們會機(jī)械地、禮貌地感謝我們的服務(wù)。），所以現(xiàn)在的機(jī)器人例如自動柜員機(jī)可以進(jìn)行口頭交流，B選項(xiàng)“與人類進(jìn)行口頭交流”，排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：除了減少人類勞動，機(jī)器人還能夠_________。尋找機(jī)器人還能夠從事什么工作，這就需要對四個選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，尋找答案。A選項(xiàng)提到機(jī)器人能夠?yàn)樽约鹤鰩讉€決策，通過“decision”這個單詞可以定位到第三段第一句話Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves.（但是如果機(jī)器人要進(jìn)入節(jié)省勞力的下一個階段，他們必須能夠在更少的人工監(jiān)控下運(yùn)行，并且至少能夠獨(dú)立地做一些決定。），這句話表明，目前機(jī)器人還不能獨(dú)立做一些決定，所以A選項(xiàng)排除。通過第三段第二句話Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror（雖然我們知道如何讓機(jī)器人去糾正一個特定的錯誤），可知，B選項(xiàng)“通過人類干預(yù)處理一些錯誤”，符合題意。由最后一段第二句話Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.（他們已經(jīng)制造出能夠在受控的工廠環(huán)境中識別出一毫米以內(nèi)的機(jī)器誤差的機(jī)器人。），可知機(jī)器人是受環(huán)境控制的，所以C選項(xiàng)“改善工廠環(huán)境”不正確。D選項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)人的創(chuàng)造性”，機(jī)器人的性能應(yīng)該是由人培養(yǎng)的，所以D選項(xiàng)的說法不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

5.作者意圖題。題干：作者使用猴子的例子，為的是說機(jī)器人_________。最后一段提到Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,