書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東亞視演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare（）bydeertick.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emitted

B.transmitted

C.communicated

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。B選項(xiàng)transmitted意為“傳播，傳染（疾病）”。句意：萊姆病是一種由鹿蜱傳播的細(xì)菌所（）的疾病。A選項(xiàng)emitted發(fā)出，發(fā)射；B選項(xiàng)transmitted傳播，傳染（疾?。籆選項(xiàng)communicated傳達(dá)，表達(dá)；D選項(xiàng)distributed分配，散布。B選項(xiàng)transmitted符合句意

2.填空題

Who（

）youhowtowriteChinesecharacters?Yourcalligraphyisreallyimpressive!

【答案】

taught

【解析】語義題。句意:誰你寫書法?你的書法真令人欽佩!因此空格處應(yīng)為“教”。而且此處應(yīng)為過去式,故填taught。

3.單選題

Hedidnotfeelobligedto（）totherulesthatappliedtoordinarymen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confront

B.conform

C.confine

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】confront面對(duì),遭遇；conform遵守,符合；confine限制；console安慰。句意：他覺得沒有義務(wù)遵守適用于普通人的規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Basketball,（

）1891byCanadianJamesNaismith,wasneverintendedtobeanythingmorethananinterestingstyleofhandsoccerforuniversitystudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenitwasinventedin

B.whichinvented

C.wasinventedin

D.whichitwasinventedin

【答案】A

【解析】語法（從句）題目。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格后一句是真正的主句，所以空格所在句是一個(gè)從句，所以排除C選項(xiàng)；從句是修飾Basketball，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B選項(xiàng)，which在引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，需在從句中充當(dāng)成分，所以排除D選項(xiàng);所以正確答案是A選項(xiàng)，是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語從句。

5.單選題

Mostofuswouldliketofeelwehavesomeinfluenceoverwhathappensaroundusandtous.Citizensspeakouttoinfluencepolicyonuseofnuclearpower,conservingtheenvironmentandendangeredanimals,localandstatetaxes,theappropriateuseoffundsbyorganizationsofwhichtheyaremembers,properlanduseandthenatureofeducationinthepublicschools,andahostofotherissues.Someoftheseaffectthespeakers’immediateself-interest;othersareattemptstomakethesocialenvironmentconformmorecloselytotheirownideas.Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.

Eveninjobsrelyingontechnicalspecialization,theopportunitiesanddemandsforpublicspeakingskillsremainmorecommonthanmanycollegestudentsrealize.Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees,orhemustserveasaspokespersonforconsultantteamspresentingresultstoagenciesoutsidethecompany.Thecertifiedpublicaccountantfindsanopportunitytoteachclassesinherareaofspeculation.Thedentisthastogivespeechesasanofficerofhisdentalassociation.

Sometimesyoumayhavetomakeaspeechaspartofyourdutiesinyourjobororganization.Perhapsmorefrequentlyyouwillhaveopportunitieswhereyouspeakvoluntarily,aswhenyouspeakoutinameeting.Someofthesespeakingsituationswillbeoflittleconsequence;youwillfeelbetterifyoudothespeechwell,butitwillnotreallymakemuchdifference.Inothersituations,thespeechmaybesignificantfortheaudience.Inthesesituations,itiscomfortingtoknowthatyoucandoatleastanadequatejob.Andyoumaynotbecontentmerelytogetthroughthetaskadequately.Tobeabletoincreaselisteners’understandingortopersuadethemisoneofthemostcivilizedwaysweasindividualshaveforaffectingourenvironment.

Somebeginning-speechstudentsaresurprisedtodiscoverthattheycangiveapublicspeechatall,muchlesstheskillfulandeffectiveonestheywillbeproducingbytheendofthecourse.Theprimarypurposesofaspeechcoursearetoexpandyourunderstandingoftechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking,andtogiveyousomepracticesothatyouwillbemoreconfidentandeffectiveinmoresituations.Withskillandconfidenceyoudevelopapowertobenefityourselfandthesocietyaroundyou.

1.Thetextintendstoshowyou（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,effectivespeakingabilitydoesbenefitpeoplealotexcepton（

）.

3.Youneedtospeakeffectivelyif（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthetextthat（

）.

5.Sometimesyouarenotcontentwhenyoufinishyourspeechbecauseyouknow（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofspeakingbeforethepublic

B.thetechniquesandstrategiesinpublicspeaking

C.thepurposesandaimsofaspeechcourse

D.themostcivilizedwaystoexertourinfluences

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.environmentalconservation

B.audienceawareness

C.technicalmaintenance

D.careerpromotion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.youareastudent

B.youareanengineer

C.youwanttostudywell

D.youwanttoinfluenceothers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.agoodspeakermayhavegreaterchanceinhiscareer

B.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

C.speakingatameetingisoftenpartofone’sduties

D.peopleoftenexercisetheirpowerbymakingspeeches

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.yourspeechmakeslittledifferencetotheaudience

B.theaudience’sbetterunderstandingismoreessentialtoyou

C.makinggoodspeechesispartofthedutiesofanengineer

D.thespeech-makingoccasionisnotimportantintheleast

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是在公眾面前講話的重要性，選項(xiàng)B，C，D是文中提到的細(xì)節(jié)，不是本文主旨，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Eveninjobsrelyingon...collegestudentsrealize.”即使是在依靠專業(yè)技能的工作中，對(duì)公眾演講技能的機(jī)會(huì)和需求也比許多大學(xué)生意識(shí)到的更為普遍。由此可以推斷，公眾演講對(duì)技能要求高，很難保持。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Tospeakonsuchmatterseffectivelyenoughtoinfluencetheopinionsandactionsofothersistoexercisepower.”在這樣的問題上有效地發(fā)言，足以影響他人的意見和行動(dòng)，就是在行使權(quán)力。也就是說，如果你想影響別人，你的講話一定要有效。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Theengineerfindsthatifhiscareeristoadvancehemustbewillingtoacceptmanagementdutiesthatincludespeakingtogroupsofemployees...”工程師發(fā)現(xiàn),如果他的職業(yè)生涯想要發(fā)展，他必須愿意承擔(dān)管理職責(zé)，包括向員工群體發(fā)表演講...由此可以推斷，一個(gè)好的演講者在他的職業(yè)生涯中可能有更大的機(jī)遇。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，你可能不僅僅只是滿足于完成（演講）任務(wù)，能夠增加聽眾的理解或說服他們是我們作為個(gè)體影響環(huán)境的最文明的方式之一。所有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.單選題

Themostfrustratingperiodsofanydietaretheinevitable_____,whenweightloss_____ifnotstops.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moods...accelerates

B.feasts...halts

C.holidays...contracts

D.plateaus...slows

【答案】D

【解析】名詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。mood“情緒，語氣”；feast“筵席，宴會(huì)”；holiday“度假”；plateaus“高原，停滯時(shí)期”。accelerate“加速，促進(jìn)”；halt“停止”；contract“感染，訂約”；slow“放慢，阻礙”。句意：任何節(jié)食中最令人沮喪的時(shí)期是不可避免的停滯時(shí)期，如果不停止，體重下降會(huì)放慢。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

There'sonegirlatmyschoolwhoeverybody_______becauseshedoesn'twearwhateverybodyelsewears;theyarehorribletoher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.picksout

B.picksover

C.pickson

D.picksoff

【答案】C

【解析】pickout挑選；pickover仔細(xì)檢查……以便選出優(yōu)品（或剔除劣品）；pickon作弄，挑剔；pickoff摘掉。句意：我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)女孩，每個(gè)人都欺負(fù)她，因?yàn)樗┑暮痛蠹也灰粯?；大家都討厭她。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Europe’searlierindustrialgrowthwas（

）bytheavailabilityofkeyresources,abundantandcheaplabor,coal,ironore,etc.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.remained

C.sustained

D.drained

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。constrain“束縛，驅(qū)使”；remain“保持”；sustain“維持”；drain“耗盡”。句意：歐洲早期的工業(yè)增長使靠唾手可得的主要資源、充足而又廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力，煤礦、鐵礦等的支撐。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

U.S.SecretaryofStateRice（）athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreement

fromIsraeliandPalestinianleaderstoholdmeetingseverytwoweeks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.endedup

B.wrappedup

C.roundedup

D.summedup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。endup“結(jié)束；死亡”；wrapup“包裹；圓滿完成”；roundup“圍捕；趕攏”；sumup“總結(jié)，概述”。句意：美國國務(wù)卿賴斯……中東為期三天的訪問，與以色列和巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成協(xié)議，每兩周舉行會(huì)議。endup后如果要接名詞，必須有with。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Thetwopaintingsbythegreatartistembodythe（

）styleofthetimesandtheimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.iconoclastic

B.heterodoxy

C.recluse

D.phantasmal

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。iconoclastic打破舊習(xí)的；偶像破壞的；heterodoxy異端，異端邪說；recluse隱居的；phantasmal幻影的；幽靈的；空想的。句意：這位偉大的藝術(shù)家所作的這兩幅畫體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)時(shí)代（

）風(fēng)格和將徹底改變中國當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的沖動(dòng)。由theimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.這句中的transformChinesecontemporaryart“徹底改變中國當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)具有打破舊習(xí)的意思，故答案為A。

11.單選題

（）firetestsgold,sodoesadversitytestscourage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Like

B.Alike

C.As

D.Comparing

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。Like“像”，可作介詞；alike“相同的，相似的”，可作形容詞；as“像……”，可作介詞；comparing“比較”，可作動(dòng)詞。此處“firetestsgold”為一個(gè)完整的句子，所以要用連詞，句意：就好像真金不怕火煉一樣，意志不畏艱難。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

12.案例題

ToyotaRecallsToyotaMotorhasalwaysbeenfanaticalaboutfrugality,andformanyyearsthatwasgoodforboththecompanyanditscustomers.ThisisaJapanesecarmakerthatroutinelyturneddowntheheatatitsemployeedormitoriesduringworkinghoursandlabeledphotocopymachineswiththecostpercopytodiscourageoveruse.Itsengineerscollaboratedwithsupplierstoextractcost-savingswithoutcompromisingquality.YetbythemiddleofthelastdecadeToyota'svirtuehadbecomeavice.

SosaycurrentandformerautoexecutiveswhoaretryingtograsphowToyota,withitsgold-platedreputationforengineeringexcellence,slippeduponsuchascale,with8millioncarsrecalledduetomechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deaths.Beforecompanyofficialsknewthatrunawayaccelerationwascausingcrashes,oneoftheseexecutivessays,asimplemanufacturingprocesswouldsometimesignitesmallfiresinacomponentasadirectresultofcomer-cutting,itwasjustoneearlysignthatthefocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar.

Thoseproductionmishapsoccurredin2006,ayearaftercompanyPresidentKatsuakiWatanabeboastedabouthavingsqueezedmorethan$10billionfromglobaloperatingcostsintheprevioussixyears—thisdespiteanimpressiverunofprofitgrowthandglobalmaricetsharegainsinthemiddleofthelastdecade.ThenToyotapushedevenharderformorecuts.ItaskedsupplierstodesignpartsforitsCamiymidsizesedanthatwere10%cheaperand10%lighter.Thecompany'stopU.S.executive,JimPress,warnedhisbossesinJapanthatvehiclequalitywasslipping,accordingtoaslidepresentationU.S.Senateinvestigatorsunearthedintheirsudden-accelerationprobe.Buthiswarninghadnoapparenteffect.

TheredesignedCamrybroughtoutin2006hadanembarrassingflawinitsheadliner,thefabricandcompositeliningthatcoverstheinsideroofofthecar.Underpressuretocutcosts,theleadCamrysupplier,Toyota-afTiliatedToyotaBoshoku,choseacarbonfibermaterialthathadn'tbeenapprovedbyToyotaengineers,accordingtoanexecutivewhoworkedontheredesign.Theheadlinerismadebycompressinglayersofmaterialstogetherusingacertainamountofheattomoldit.Inthiscase,thecarbonfiberrequiredsomuchheatthattheheadlinerwouldcatchfire.

Toyotafixedthatproblem,butwhenaNorthAmericanpartssupplierinterestedinworkingwiththeautomakerdidateardownofa2007Camry,itsengineersweresurprisedbyhowmuchthetraditionalToyotacraftsmanshiphadbeenwatereddownbyyearsofnipsandtucks.Thepaddingintheceilingofthecar,thoughcompliantwithsafetyregulations,hadbeenthinnedouttosavemoney.Atrayforsunglassesusedaflimsiertypeofplasticthanpreviousmodels.“Itwasabare-bonescaratthatpoint,”saysoneexecutivewhodeclinedtobeidentifiedforfearofharmingbusinesstieswithToyota.

Toyotainsistsitsfocusoncosthasn'thurtconsumers.“It’snottruethatbyreducingcostyouautomaticallyreducequality,"saidJimWiseman,Toyota’svice-presidentforNorthAmericancorporatecommunications.“Everyautomakerhastostaycompetitiverelativetoprice.”

True,butprobablynotwiththeintensityToyotabroughttocost-cuttingandrapidexpansionunderthreesuccessivepresidents:HiroshiOkuda(1995-1999),FujiCho(1999-2005),andWatanabe(2005to2009).Toyotaexecutiveswillspendyearsmoppingupaftertheirmess.

Atlastcount,thecompanyfaced109classactionsand32individualcasesfiledincourtsintheU.S.andCanada.(Inawell-publicizedincidentonMar.8,theownerofa2008PriuslostcontrolofhiscaronaCaliforniainterstatehighwayandhadtoberescuedbypolice.)

WhatarethecausesforToyota’sglobalrecalls?Identifyboththedirectanddeepercauses.(8points)

Thiscaseillustratedtheproblemsofthegoalattainmentviewoforganizationaleffectiveness.Defineorganizationaleffectivenessanddiscussthelimitationsofthegoalattainmentview.(10points)

WhatdoyouthinkanorganizationcanlearnfromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness?(8points)

【答案】ThedirectcausesaremechanicalfailureslinkedbyU.S.regulatorsto51deathsandthedeepercausesarethatToyotaMotor’sfocusoncostreductionhadgonetoofar,sothatthequalityofitsvehicleslipped.

Organizationaleffectivenessistheconceptofhoweffectiveanorganizationisinachievingtheoutcomestheorganizationintendstoproduce,andthelimitationofgoalattainmentviewisthatwesometimessetsomegoalswhicharebeyondourcurrentcapacity.

FromToyota’slessonsinachievingorganizationaleffectiveness,anorganizationcanlearnthatweshouldnotsetanygoalwhichisbeyondourcurrentcapacityorsacrificesomething,suchasthequalityofvehiclementionedinthispassage,toattainsomeunpracticalgoals,otherwise,therewillbeseriousconsequences.

13.單選題

（

）isknowntotheworld,MarkTwinisagreatAmericanwriter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Asisknownto…“眾所周知”。句意：眾所周知，馬克吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。故C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Inspiteof_____reviewsinthepress,theproductionofherplaywas_____almostcertainoblivionbyenthusiasticaudiencewhoseacumenwasgreaterthanthatofthecritics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lukewarm…condemned

B.scathing...exposedto

C.lackluster...rescuedfrom

D.sensitive...reducedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析和句意理解。A項(xiàng)lukewarm“微溫的，無興趣的”，condemn“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”；B項(xiàng)scathing“嚴(yán)厲的”,exposeto“暴露于”；C項(xiàng)lackluster“無光澤的，無生氣的”，rescuefrom“從……營救”；D項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”，reduceto“減少，縮減到”。reviewinthepress和critics是對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以第一空和critics的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該一致，和觀眾的意見相反。觀眾的意見是enthusiastic“熱情的”，所以必然要否定oblivion“遺忘”，從第二空來看，只有C可能表示否定oblivion。句意：盡管媒體的評(píng)論很，但她演奏的作品被熱情的觀眾從注定被遺忘的結(jié)局里，聽眾比評(píng)論家更敏銳。所以C項(xiàng)符合。

15.單選題

Anidealcollegeshouldbeacommunity,aplaceofclose,natural,intimateassociation,notonlyoftheyoungmenwhoareitspupilsandnovicesinvariouslinesofstudy,butalsoofyoungmenwitholdermen,withmaturemen,withveteransandprofessionalinthegreatundertakingoflearning,ofteacherswithpupils,outsidetheclassroomaswellasinsideit.Nooneissuccessfullyeducatedwithinthewallsofanyparticularclassroomorlaboratoryormuseum;andnoamountofassociation,howevercloseandfamiliaranddelightful,betweenmerebeginnerscaneverproducethesortofenlightenmentwhichtheyoungladgetswhenhefirst-beginstocatchtheinfectionoflearning.Thetroublewithmostofourcollegesnowadaysisthatthefacultyofthecollegeliveonelifeandtheundergraduatesquiteadifferentone.Theyconstitutetwocommunities.Thelifeoftheundergraduatesisnottouchedwiththepersonalinfluenceoftheteachers:lifeamongtheteachersisnottouchedbythepersonalimpressionswhichshouldcomefromfrequentandintimatecontactwithundergraduates.Thisseparationneednotexist,and,inthecollegeoftheidealuniversity,wouldnotexist.

Itisperfectlypossibletoorganizethelifeofourcollegesinsuchawaythatstudentsandteachersalikewilltakepartinit;insuchawaythataperfectlynaturaldailyintercoursewillbe

establishedbetweenthem;anditisonlybysuchanorganizationthattheycanbegivenrealvitalityasplacesofserioustraining,bemadecommunitiesinwhichyoungsterswillcomefullytorealizehowinterestingintellectualworkis,howvital,howimportant,howcloselyassociatedwithallmodernachievement—onlybysuchanorganizationthatstudycanbemadetoseempartoflifeitself.Lecturesoftenseemveryformalandemptythings;recitationsgenerallyproveverydullandunrewarding.Itisinconversationandnaturalintercoursewithscholarschieflythatyoufindhowlivelyknowledgeis,howittiesintoeverythingthatisinterestingandimportant,howintimateapartitisofeverythingthatispracticalandconnectedwiththeworld.Menarenotalwaysmadethoughtfulbybooks,buttheyaregenerallymadethoughtfulbyassociationwithmenwhothink.

Thepresentandmostpressingproblemofouruniversityauthoritiesistobringaboutthisvitalassociationforthebenefitofthenovicesoftheuniversityworld,theundergraduates.Classroommethodsarethoroughenough;competentscholarsalreadylectureandsettasksandsuperintendtheirperformance;butthelifeoftheaverageundergraduateoutsidetheclassroomandotherstatedappointmentswithhisinstructorsisnotverymuchaffectedbyhisstudies:isalmostentirelydissociatedfromintellectualinterests.

1.Successfuleducationistheacquiringofknowledgefrom（

）.

2.Theteacherandthestudentdonotunderstandeachothermuchbecause（

）.

3.Theteacherandthestudent（

）.

4.Mantendstothinkbecause（

）.

5.Itisfoundthatastudentdoesnotoftenmakethemostuseof（

）tomakelifemoreworthliving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.classrooms,laboratoriesandmuseums

B.allsourcesavailable

C.intimateassociationbetweenbeginners

D.experiencedscholars

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theydonotlivetogether

B.theydonotoftentrytoexchangeideas,emotionsandexperiences

C.theydonotrespecteachother

D.theyhavedifferentstandards’ofeducation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canactuallyliveineachother’slife

B.canlivetogetherinthesameplace

C.canplayequallywell

D.candiscussfreelyeveryday

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hehasreadalot

B.heisinterestedinthesubject

C.heknowshowothersmayfeel

D.hewantstolearn

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.classroommethods

B.tasks

C.hisschoolknowledge

D.hisperformance

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出觀點(diǎn)：理想校園應(yīng)該是多樣的，而且沒有人在任何特定的教室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室或博物館內(nèi)接受過成功的教育。校園里的分離是不需要存在的，并且在理想大學(xué)的學(xué)院中也不存在。因此判斷只有B項(xiàng)“成功的教育是從知識(shí)中獲取的”符合文意。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Thetroublewithmostofourcollegesnowadaysisthatthefacultyofthecollegeliveonelifeandtheundergraduatesquiteadifferentone.Theyconstitutetwocommunities.Thelifeoftheundergraduatesisnottouchedwiththepersonalinfluenceoftheteachers:lifeamongtheteachersisnottouchedbythepersonalimpressionswhichshouldcomefromfrequentandintimatecontactwithundergraduates.”，中文大意為：現(xiàn)在我們大多數(shù)大學(xué)的問題在于，學(xué)院的教職員工過著一種生活，而本科生則完全不同。他們構(gòu)成了兩個(gè)社區(qū)。大學(xué)生的生活不受教師的個(gè)人影響，教師之間的生活不受來自與大學(xué)生頻繁、親密接觸的個(gè)人印象的影響。由此可知B選項(xiàng)“他們通常不會(huì)交換想法、情感和經(jīng)驗(yàn)”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可定位到原文第二段中“Itisperfectlypossibletoorganizethelifeofourcollegesinsuchawaythatstudentsandteachersalikewilltakepartinit”，中文翻譯為：我們完全有可能把大學(xué)的生活組織起來，使學(xué)生和教師都能參與其中。以及下文“Itisonlybysuchanorganizationthattheycanbegivenrealvitalityasplacesofserioustraining,bemadecommunitiesinwhichyoungsterswillcomefullytorealizehowinterestingintellectualworkis”，中文翻譯為：只有通過這樣的組織，才能使大學(xué)這種嚴(yán)格地培養(yǎng)人的地方真正充滿朝氣，才能使他們成為共同生活的團(tuán)體，年輕人在其中會(huì)充分認(rèn)識(shí)到腦力勞動(dòng)是多么有趣。綜合而知，A項(xiàng)“能真正活在彼此的生活中”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“Itisinconversationandnaturalintercoursewithscholarschieflythatyoufindhowlivelyknowledgeis,howittiesintoeverythingthatisinterestingandimportant,howintimateapartitisofeverythingthatispracticalandconnectedwiththeworld.Menarenotalwaysmadethoughtfulbybooks,buttheyaregenerallymadethoughtfulbyassociationwithmenwhothink.”，中文翻譯為：正是與學(xué)者的交談和自然交流，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)知識(shí)是多么生動(dòng)、知識(shí)與一切有趣和重要的事物是多么緊密相連，它是這些事物的不可分割的一部分，是一切實(shí)用的以及與當(dāng)今世界有關(guān)的事物密切聯(lián)系的一部分。人們并不總是通過書本來思考，但是通常與善于思考的人交往能使人善于思考?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“他想了解”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Classroommethodsarethoroughenough;competentscholarsalreadylectureandsettasksandsuperintendtheirperformance;butthelifeoftheaverageundergraduateoutsidetheclassroomandotherstatedappointmentswithhisinstructorsisnotverymuchaffectedbyhisstudies:isalmostentirelydissociatedfromintellectualinterests.”，中文翻譯為：課堂教學(xué)方法足夠徹底；有能力的學(xué)者已經(jīng)講課，設(shè)定任務(wù)并監(jiān)督他們的表現(xiàn)；但是，普通本科生的課外生活以及與導(dǎo)師的其他約定并沒有受到他學(xué)習(xí)的太大影響：幾乎完全脫離了他的智力興趣。因此C選項(xiàng)最符合。

16.單選題

Thedebatesoverstemcellresearchduringthelastdecadehavebeenamongthemostheated（

）inthehistoryofscience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conspiracies

B.contradictions

C.contentions

D.controversies

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。conspiracy意為“陰謀”；contradiction意為“矛盾”；contention意為“論點(diǎn)，爭(zhēng)論”；controversy意為“公開辯論，論戰(zhàn)”。

句意：過去十年中關(guān)于干細(xì)胞研究的爭(zhēng)論是科學(xué)史上最激烈的論戰(zhàn)之一。

17.單選題

Themayorwasaskedto（）hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraise

questions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】句意：市長被要求（）講話，以便讓他的聽眾提問。A選項(xiàng)constrain限制；B選項(xiàng)conduct控制，實(shí)施；C選項(xiàng)condense壓縮，濃縮；D選項(xiàng)converge聚集。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Examinethedataovertime,andyou’llfindirrefutableevidenceofprogress:thedeclineofwar,theincreaseinlifespan;（）ofliteracy,democracy,andequalrights,（）ofprivilegebasedonrace,gender,heredityandbeliefs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thespread...thewaning

B.thespreading...thewane

C.thespreads...thewanes

D.thespreading…thewaning

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞性。the+名詞，表示特指。spread可以做動(dòng)詞，也可以做名詞。Wane是動(dòng)詞，變名詞為在其后加-ing。句意：回顧一段時(shí)間以來的數(shù)據(jù)，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有不可辨駁的證據(jù)證明社會(huì)在進(jìn)步：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)減少，壽命延長，識(shí)字率的提高以及民主和權(quán)利平等意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，基于種族、性別、出身、信仰而獲得的特權(quán)的減少。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.單選題

Thelittlegirlisignorant（）thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.of

C.with

D.against

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。ignorantof意為“不知道,不了解”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)B正確。

20.單選題

NewYear’sdetoxproductsthatpurporttoridthebodyofharmfulchemicalsaccumulatedthroughseasonalover-indulgenceareawasteoftimeandmoney,leadingscientistssaidrecently.

Mostofthepills,juices,teasandoilsthataresoldfortheirdetoxifyingeffectsonthebodyhavenoscientificfoundationfortheirclaims,accordingtotoxicologistsanddieticians.

Theywillnotinfluencetherateatwhichthebodyridsitselfoftoxins,andanybeneficialeffectswouldbematchedatmuchlowercostbydrinkingplentyoftapwater,eatingfruitandvegetablesandgettingafewearlynights.

Theentiremarketfordetoxproducts,whichisworthtensofmillionsofpoundsayear,restsonmythsaboutthehumanbodythatarehittingconsumersinthewallet,theexperts’reporthasfound.

“Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife,andthattheyneedtobeexpungedbysomemysteriousprocessofdetoxification,oftenonceayearafterChristmasexcess.Thedetoxfad--orfads,astherearemanymethods--isanexampleofthecapacityofpeopletobelievein(andpayfor)magicdespitethelackofanysoundevidence.”saidMartinWiseman,VisitingProfessorofHumanNutritionattheUniversityofSouthampton.

Thecriticismofthedetoxindustryhasemergedfromaninquiryintopublicperceptionsofchemicalsandtoxicitybyaworkingpartyof11scientists.Thefullreport,MakingSenseofChemicalStories,willbepublishedlaterthismonthbythecharitySenseAboutScience.

Itfoundthatpopularideasaboutdetoxarebasedonmisconceptionsabouthowthehumanbodyrespondstochemicalsinthediet.Theliverandkidneysarehighlyefficientorgansthathaveevolvedtobreakdownandremovetoxinsfromthebloodstream,andtheirfunctionisnothelpedbyproductssuchasGillianMcKeith’s￡19.99“24hourdetoxprogramme,”whichclaimsto“assistthenaturaldetoxificationprocessinyourbody.”

“Ourbodiesareverygoodateliminatingallthenastiesthatwemightdigestoverthefestiveseason,”saidJohnEmsley,oftheRoyalSocietyofChemistry.

SirColinBerry,ProfessorEmeritusofPathologyatQueenMary,UniversityofLondon,said:“Evenifyoudrinkanalmostlethaldoseofalcohol(whichIdon’trecommend)yourliverwillclearitin36hourswithoutassistancefromdetoxtablets.”

1.Itcanbeinferredthatpeopleusually（）.

2.Accordingtoscientists,whathelpsridthebodyoftoxinsincludes（）.

3.Theboldfacedword“expunged”(inPara.5)canbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Expertsconsideritamyththat（）.

5.Thecriticismofthedetoxindustrystarted（）.

6.JohnEmsleyandColinBerrysharetheideathat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeharmfulchemicals

B.consumedetoxproducts

C.haveabalanceddiet

D.wastemoneyonfood

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.goingtobedearly

B.drinkingherbaltea

C.takingcertainpills

D.doingmuchexercise

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tested

B.digested

C.eliminated

D.accumulated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.detoxproductshavemarvelouseffects

B.noxiouschemicalsgatherinthebody

C.peoplegenerallyovereatatChristmas

D.people’scapacitytobelieveisunlimited

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ataconferenceheldattheUniversityofSouthhamton

B.fromareportentitled“MakingSenseofChemicalStories”

C.byacharityorganizationcalledSenseAboutScience

D.withastudyonpublicunderstandingofchemicals

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.toxinscanstayinthebodyaslongas36hours

B.drinkingexcessivealcoholleadstodeath

C.detoxtabletsfacilitatethenaturaldetoxification

D.thehumanbodyhasapowerfuldetoxsystem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到一些權(quán)威科學(xué)家表示，新年排毒產(chǎn)品聲稱可以清楚體內(nèi)因季節(jié)性過度放縱而積累起來的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，但實(shí)際上是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢（awasteoftimeandmoney），由此可以推斷出人們經(jīng)常會(huì)購買這些排毒產(chǎn)品，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到多喝水、多吃水果以及早睡的排毒效果都可以與排毒產(chǎn)品相當(dāng)，并且成本更低（atmuchlowercostbydrinkingplentyoftapwater,eatingfruitandvegetablesandgettingafewearlynights），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.詞義題。文章第五段提到在這些謬論中，有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人體在日常生活中以某種方式積累有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)(Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife)，這些有害物質(zhì)需要通過一些神秘的排毒過程來被expunge，根據(jù)上下文可知排毒產(chǎn)品是用來清除有毒物質(zhì)，因此可以推斷出expunge這個(gè)詞的意思是”清除”，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段提到在這些謬論中，有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人體在日常生活中以某種方式積累有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這些有害物質(zhì)需要通過某種神秘的解毒過程排出體外（Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife,andthattheyneedtobeexpungedbysomemysteriousprocessofdetoxification,oftenonceayearafterChristmasexcess），通過上下文可知這個(gè)神秘的過程就是服用排毒產(chǎn)品，由此可推斷出很多人認(rèn)為排毒產(chǎn)品擁有神奇的效果，但是在專家看來這些都是無稽之談，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到了對(duì)排毒產(chǎn)品行業(yè)的批判，是開始于11位科學(xué)家對(duì)公眾對(duì)化學(xué)物質(zhì)和毒素的認(rèn)知調(diào)查（Thecriticismofthedetoxindustryhasemergedfromaninquiryintopublicperceptionsofchemicalsandtoxicitybyaworkingpartyof11scientists），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到JohnEmsley的觀點(diǎn)：我們的身體能夠消除節(jié)假日期間攝取到臟物（Ourbodiesareverygoodateliminatingallthenastiesthatwemightdigestoverthefestiveseason）；文章最后一段提到ColinBerry的觀點(diǎn)：即使你喝了幾乎致命劑量的酒，在沒有排毒產(chǎn)品的幫助下，你的肝臟會(huì)在36小時(shí)內(nèi)清除它（Evenifyoudrinkanalmostlethaldoseofalcohol(whichIdon’trecommend)yourliverwillclearitin36hourswithoutassistancefromdetoxtablets）。由此可知這兩位都認(rèn)為人體本身能夠排毒，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

21.翻譯題

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)ElNinoisanintermittentdisruptionoftheclimatesystemcenteredintheequatorialPacificthathaseffectsonshort-termclimatearoundthePacificbasin.

TounderstandElNino,itisnecessarytounderstandthenormaltrade-windsysteminthetropicalPacific.(2)Thesunheatstheequatorialregionsmorestronglythantherestoftheglobe,soairtendstorisefromthesurfacethere,replacedb