書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱遠(yuǎn)東理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

AtWembley,thehomeoffootball,countlessthousandsofpeoplespendSundaymorningamongstthe（）sellingeverythingfromshoestomodeltrains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stalls

B.statures

C.stalks

D.statutes

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。stalls貨攤；statures身高，身材；stalks莖稈；statutes法令。句意：成千上萬的人整個(gè)星期天上午都流連于出售從鞋子到模型火車等各種商品的小攤位。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.填空題

A:Thiswineisdelicious.Wouldyoulike（1）?

B:Nottoday,thanks.It’sratherchillyout.DoyouhaveanythinghotthatIcoulddrink?

A:Sure.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?

B:.（2）Ienjoythemequally,sogivemewhicheverismoreconvenient.

【答案】

some;Either

【解析】1.常用語。wouldyoulikesome?你要點(diǎn)嗎?

2.語義題。根據(jù)后面的givemewhicheverismoreconvenient可知茶或者咖啡都可以，填either。

3.單選題

Wagneronce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofmusicthatwaspopularwiththeyoungpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.constituted

C.partitioned

D.collaborated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:瓦格納曾與另一位音樂家合作創(chuàng)作了一首深受年輕人歡迎的音樂。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。merge合并，吞沒;constitute組成，建立；partition分割，分隔，區(qū)分；collaborate合作，勾結(jié)，通敵。

4.單選題

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)philosophy“哲學(xué)，哲理”；B選項(xiàng)manner“方式，習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)personality“個(gè)性，品格”；D選項(xiàng)idealism“唯心主義”。句意：經(jīng)歷了生活中的種種艱辛，他成為了一個(gè)著名的有著明顯個(gè)性的小丑。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

5.單選題

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka（

）viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lenient寬大的，仁慈的；divergent有分歧的；dim暗淡的，昏暗的；cautious小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的。句意：讓所有人出乎意料的是，裁判員對(duì)這次犯規(guī)采取了寬容的態(tài)度，一點(diǎn)也沒有懲罰參賽選手。由didnotpunishtheplayeratall可知裁判采取了寬容的態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)正確。答案A

6.單選題

Hewasthekingoffarceandthemostinfluentialneoclassicalplaywright.Hischaracterswereusedto（）realpeople,andhewasinterestedinshowingtherealityofhumanweaknessasmuchaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.ridicule

C.amuse

D.imitate

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。depict“描述”；ridicule“嘲笑”；amuse“娛樂”；imitate“模仿”。句意：他是喜劇之王，也是最具影響力的新古典主義劇作家。他的劇中人物都用來描述真正的人物，并且他對(duì)盡可能展現(xiàn)人性的弱點(diǎn)充滿興趣。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛國(guó)的”；C選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D選項(xiàng)partial“偏愛的，不公平的”，這里要考慮句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系，美國(guó)資本主義帶來發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力，創(chuàng)造了巨大的財(cái)富，因此一時(shí)之間美國(guó)夢(mèng)看起來似乎是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其它三項(xiàng)均不能使句子句意通順。句意：在美國(guó)資本主義帶來高度的生產(chǎn)力和巨大的財(cái)富期間，美國(guó)夢(mèng)似乎是最能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

London'sHeathrowairport,alongsidemanyothermajorairports,ishopingthat_______passengernumberswillbeswallowedupbyanewgenerationofhugeaircraft.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.probate

B.obsolete

C.swelling

D.recapitulating

【答案】C

【解析】probate遺囑認(rèn)證的;obsolete荒廢的,淘汰的;swell增大;磁脹;recapitulate重述要點(diǎn),概述。句意：倫敦Heathrow機(jī)場(chǎng)和其他許多主要機(jī)場(chǎng)都希望，新一代的巨型飛機(jī)能夠承載得下數(shù)量日益增長(zhǎng)的旅客。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

ThisisanenormousfieldofwhichIcantouchonlythe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pan

B.outside

C.fringe

D.edge

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。pan“盤狀的器皿”；outside“外部”；fringe“邊緣”，也指（相對(duì)于主要部分而言的）較次要部分；edge“邊緣，優(yōu)勢(shì)”，普通用詞，指較窄的邊沿。句意：這是一個(gè)龐大的領(lǐng)域，我只能觸及它的邊緣。潛在意思就是只了解一個(gè)大概，并且都是一些不重要的東西，所以選項(xiàng)C更符合語境。

10.單選題

Forseveralyearsthelivesofthetwooldladiescontinuedtorevolveinintimateenmityaroundeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.companionship

B.hospitality

C.amiability

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】句意：幾年來，這兩位老太太的生活一直圍繞著彼此的恩怨而轉(zhuǎn)。enmity意為敵意，憎恨。companionship友誼，伴侶；hospitality殷勤，好客；amiability和藹可親，友善；hostility敵意，敵對(duì)。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

11.單選題

Astatementandalist（）tothedocumentwereissuedinyesterday’snewspaper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.labeled

B.attached

C.clung

D.stuck

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。attachto表示“（使）貼在……上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的報(bào)紙上發(fā)表了一份聲明以及一份附加在文件上的清單。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

12.單選題

Everyyearschoolsalloverthecountrywill_______newstudentsthefirstweekinSeptember.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorb

B.include

C.enroll

D.register

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)absorb“吸收；吸引；承受；理解”；B選項(xiàng)include“包含，包括”；C選項(xiàng)enroll“登記；使加入；把……記入名冊(cè)；使入伍”；D選項(xiàng)register“登記；（旅館）登記住宿；掛號(hào)郵寄；表達(dá)（意見或情感）；顯示（讀數(shù)）”。register一般是指錄取后登記；enroll是報(bào)名參加的意思，僅是報(bào)名階段。句意：每年9月的第一周，全國(guó)各地的學(xué)校都會(huì)招收新生。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe（）withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.allured

C.connected

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及，關(guān)心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國(guó)人關(guān)心自己的健康，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

14.單選題

The（）fromtheairportwasreallytiringbecauseitwassituatedfarfromthecity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flight

B.travel

C.crossing

D.journey

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：flight意為“飛行，航班”；選項(xiàng)B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；選項(xiàng)C：crossing意為“橫越，橫渡”；選項(xiàng)D：journey“（側(cè)重指時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)、距離較遠(yuǎn)的單程旅行）行程，路程”。由題意可知，本題的正確選項(xiàng)為D選項(xiàng)。句意：從機(jī)場(chǎng)回來的路真的很累人，因?yàn)樗x城市很遠(yuǎn)。

15.單選題

TheyhaveleftNewYork（

）good;they’llnevergobackandlivethereagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.at

C.for

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他們永遠(yuǎn)離開了紐約，再也不回去住了。

固定搭配。Forgood永遠(yuǎn)。

16.單選題

Withthehelpofthegovernment,alargenumberofpeople（

）afterthefloodin1991.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.survived

B.suspended

C.suffered

D.subjected

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。survive“幸存，生還”；suspend“延緩”；suffer“遭受，允許，寬恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的幫助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下來。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs，areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?

2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof（

）.

3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?

4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing

（

）.

5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Geographicfactors.

B.Biologicaldifferences.

C.Evolution.

D.Cross-culturalcommunication.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress

B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople

C.hostilitybetweenraces

D.civilizations’diversephilosophies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.

B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.

C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.

D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange

B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies

C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth

D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.

B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.

C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism

D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段提到了關(guān)于種族和民族文化差異的兩種理論，一種傾向于氣候和物質(zhì)環(huán)境，一種則側(cè)重生物遺傳特性，分別對(duì)應(yīng)A和B選項(xiàng)，都不是作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。在第一段最后提到，這兩種理論有共同點(diǎn)：文化和社會(huì)是進(jìn)化過程的產(chǎn)物，也就是evolution。這一點(diǎn)由作者歸納得來，并且在下文中展開講述，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。人類文化和文明繁榮昌盛的原因出現(xiàn)在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”，可知文化繁榮以種族差異為代價(jià)，是敵對(duì)趨勢(shì)的結(jié)果。因此C選項(xiàng)“種族之間的敵對(duì)”符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。作者關(guān)鍵詞“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后緊接著以破折號(hào)做出了定義“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”，作者認(rèn)為遷移以及附帶的沖突、矛盾和融合帶來了所謂的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)“羅馬帝國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張以及人們?nèi)谌肓_馬帝國(guó)”符合作者的定義。因此A選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的貿(mào)易形式是移動(dòng)性的，早期的各種行業(yè)也是流動(dòng)性的，它們將人們從家務(wù)中解放出來，并形成獨(dú)立的職業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”與這點(diǎn)相符合。因此B選項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文主要講遷移對(duì)種族的影響和文化變遷。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”，文化的變化并沒有得到鞏固和生物上的傳播。C選項(xiàng)“歷史文化孤立已經(jīng)屈服于多種族主義和多元文化主義”與其相符合。A、B和D選項(xiàng)文中未提及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Becauseoftheclose（

）ofarchitectsandbuilders,thebuildingwascompletedaheadofschedule.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simulation

B.composition

C.collaboration

D.inflation

【答案】C

【解析】simulation模擬；composition作曲,構(gòu)成；collaboration合作；inflation膨脹。句意:由于建筑師和施工人員的密切合作,這座建筑提前完工。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.單選題

TheAmericandreamisnot（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；patriotic愛國(guó)的；primitive原始的，簡(jiǎn)單的；partial部分的，不公平的。句意：在美國(guó)資本主義創(chuàng)造生產(chǎn)力和財(cái)富的時(shí)期，美國(guó)夢(mèng)貌似是可信的。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

20.單選題

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。transition"過渡”；transaction“交易；事務(wù)”；transmission“傳動(dòng)裝置，傳送；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換；改革；變形”。句意：退休很明顯是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過渡期，你越早計(jì)劃，越好。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Hewasn'taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,（

）insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.havingconsidered

【答案】A

【解析】考查分詞作狀語?？崭裉幵诰渲凶鳡钫Z，表示原因，說明主語沒有擔(dān)任主席的原因。主語he是動(dòng)詞consider的承受者，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B、D選項(xiàng)；tobeconsidered是不定式被動(dòng)式，表示將來或尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不符合句意，故排除C選項(xiàng)，因此選A。

句意：他沒有被要求擔(dān)任協(xié)會(huì)主席，考慮到他不太受所有成員歡迎。

22.單選題

Theyweremorethangladtoleavetheircarsparkedandwalked（

）forachange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.for

C.to

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們更樂意去把車停放在某個(gè)地方，然后改為走路。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

23.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（

）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”；dissemination“宣傳”；assimilation“同化”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體變成液體需要吸入周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量，這一吸收過程產(chǎn)生的低溫。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

24.翻譯題

Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime,thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable.Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsforall.Relationalfeminists,whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen,continuedtoemphasizewomen’sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers,state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits,andpaidcompensationforhousework.

Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall:becausetheyunderlinewomen’sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness,theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege.Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificanceofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutionsashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen.Iftheindividualistframework,withitsclaimforwomen’sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists,amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge.

【答案】相比之下，利己的女權(quán)主義傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的人權(quán)并崇尚婦女追求個(gè)人的自主，卻貶低性別角色的重要性并減少對(duì)生育子女和撫養(yǎng)子女責(zé)任的探討。

然而，從1890年到1920年，關(guān)系論的女權(quán)主義在女權(quán)思想中占主導(dǎo)地位而且現(xiàn)在仍然在歐洲和非西方女權(quán)主義者中占優(yōu)勢(shì)，它在英國(guó)和美國(guó)失去了影響。

但是利己主義的研究方法，通過抨擊性別角色，否定生理差別的重要性，譴責(zé)現(xiàn)存家庭體制是不可救藥的家長(zhǎng)制,常常將對(duì)許多婦女來說非常重要的家庭角色僅視為毫不重要的事情。

25.單選題

Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毀滅性的)tragedywastheprovocation.TheobserverofWarsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasamemosofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(藥物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof”dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.

AtColumbiaUniversityDr.LiasyFadsandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluesIothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears"(Line6,Para,1)referto?

3.“Counterproductive”(Lines7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“（

）”.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

B.cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

C.cryingusuallywiresympathyfromotherpeople

D.onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

B.Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.

C.Thetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.

D.Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.havingnoeffectatall

B.leadingtotension

C.producingdisastrousimpact

D.harmfultohealth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment

B.itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival

C.Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

D.Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

B.Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionalterns.

C.Emotionaltearscangiveriseto"dryeye'syndromeinsomecases

D.Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段主要講述了哭泣的負(fù)面影響。第一段第二句Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed提到眼淚會(huì)讓美國(guó)人感到不舒服以及尷尬，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段提到兩種對(duì)于哭泣的反應(yīng)，第一種“哭泣好像在為了某事在道歉”（Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize），第二種反應(yīng)是“去阻止某人哭泣”（islikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第一段最后一句boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive，從even這個(gè)詞可知counterproductive比inappropriate要更強(qiáng)烈，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第一段itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival提到眼淚在生存中的作用很大，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到眼淚的作用之一：perhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

26.翻譯題

Informulatinghypotheses,acommonerroristheuncriticalacceptanceofapparentcommonsensebutuntestedassumptions.Thusinthefieldofpsychology,itwasformanyyearsautomaticallyassumedthatthemaincauseofforgetfulnessistheintervaloftimeelapsingbetweensuccessiveexposurestoalearningstimulus.Experimentation,however,wassubsequentlyundertaken,andseveralotherfactors,suchasmotivationandthestrengthoreffectivenessofthestimulus,turnedouttohaveanevermoreimportantbearingontheproblem.Asomewhatsimilarerrorarisesfromneglectofmultiplecauses.Thustwoeventsmaybefoundtobeassociated,e.g.whentheincidenceofadiseaseinasmokyindustrialsectorofacityissignificantlyhigherthanthatinthesmoke-freezones,aresearchworkermightinferthattheexistenceofthediseaseisduetothesmokinessoftheareawheninfactitmightequallywellbefoundinotherreasons,suchastheunder-nourishmentoftheinhabitantsorover-crowding.

【答案】【參考譯文】在提出假設(shè)的過程中，一個(gè)常見的錯(cuò)誤是不加批判地接受表面上是常識(shí)但未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)。因此，在心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，多年來不經(jīng)思索地認(rèn)為健忘的主要原因是消逝在連續(xù)受到學(xué)習(xí)刺激之間的時(shí)間間隔。但是后來的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了還有其他幾個(gè)因素在這個(gè)問題中起重要的作用，比如動(dòng)機(jī)和刺激的強(qiáng)度和效力。一個(gè)有些類似的錯(cuò)誤源自忽視原因的多樣性。因此，兩個(gè)事件可能會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)聯(lián)，例如，當(dāng)一種疾病的發(fā)病率在煙霧彌漫的城市工業(yè)區(qū)明顯高于無煙區(qū)域時(shí)，研究人員可能會(huì)推論疾病的存在是由于該地區(qū)的煙霧的關(guān)系，而事實(shí)上可能是由于其他的同樣可以造成這種疾病的原因，比如居民的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良或過分擁擠。

27.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.(10*1=10)

中國(guó)近年流行一個(gè)笑話，說的是一個(gè)中國(guó)老婦和一個(gè)美國(guó)老婦在天堂里相遇了，中國(guó)老婦說：“我到臨死前終于攢夠錢買一套房子了?！泵绹?guó)老婦則說：“我臨死前才終于把房子貸款還清了?！边@則笑話基于美國(guó)人喜歡揮霍而中國(guó)人習(xí)慣節(jié)儉的成見，也在一定程度上解釋了失衡的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)如何失去方向。這次危機(jī)在兩個(gè)方面區(qū)別于過去的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩，同時(shí)也解釋了它持久不愈的原因。第一個(gè)是信貸悖論：它在帶來活力的同時(shí)也破壞穩(wěn)定，全球金融的擴(kuò)張及其支配地位為更快的資本積累和物質(zhì)豐富打開大門，但與此同時(shí)也播下危機(jī)的種子，在美國(guó)，寬松的貨幣政策和神秘的金融操縱讓消費(fèi)者能夠輕易享受到更大的房子、更好的汽車和更長(zhǎng)的假期，即便他們根本沒有儲(chǔ)蓄。

【答案】ThereisapopularjokeinChinainrecentyears.ThereisaChineseoldwomanwhomeetsanAmericanoldwomaninheaven.TheChineseoldwomansays,IfinallysavedenoughmoneytobuyahousebeforeIdied.TheAmericanoldwomansaid,IfinallypaidoffmyhousebeforeIdied.Thisjoke,basedonthestereotypethatAmericansarespendthriftwhileChinesearethrifty,goessomewaytoexplaininghowthelopsidedworldeconomyhaslostitsway.Thiscrisisisintwowaysdifferentfrompasteconomicshocks,andwhyithaspersisted.Thefirstoneiscreditparadox:itinavitalityalsodestabilizing,theexpansionoftheglobalfinancialanditsdominantpositionforafastercapitalaccumulationandrichmaterialopenthedoor,butatthesametimealsosowtheseedsofthecrisis,intheUnitedStates,theloosemonetarypolicyandthemysteriousfinancialmanipulationmakeconsumerscaneasilyenjoythebiggerhousesandbettercarsandlongerholidays,eveniftheydon’thavesavings.

28.單選題

______hegaveupthespeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atalossforaword

B.Whileatalossforaword

C.Whenatalossforaword

D.Ifatalossforaword

【答案】A

【解析】考查原因狀語。句意：他想不出一個(gè)詞來，只好放棄演講。橫線部分是原因狀語。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容可知橫線部分不是從句而是短語，句子還原成：Hegaveupthespeechatalossforaword.A選項(xiàng)Atalossforaword符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

29.單選題

Hewassenttoanartschoolinthe____thathewastalentedindrawing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pre-mediation

B.prejudice

C.precipitation

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pre-mediation訴前調(diào)解B.prejudice偏見

C.precipitation降水；沉淀D.presumption假設(shè)；可能正確的事

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“他被送到一所藝術(shù)學(xué)?！?，后文內(nèi)容為“他在繪畫方面有天賦”，根據(jù)語義邏輯，他因?yàn)橛欣L畫天賦所以被送進(jìn)了藝術(shù)學(xué)校。因此，D選項(xiàng)presumption“假設(shè)；可能正確的事”，符合語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合語義銜接。

【句意】他被送進(jìn)了藝術(shù)學(xué)校因?yàn)椋议L(zhǎng)）以為他有繪畫天賦。

30.翻譯題

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone,holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifying(極其單調(diào)乏味的)qualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】【參考譯文】休假比以前任何時(shí)候都更有必要，因?yàn)槿缃褚话闳说纳畈辉傧褚郧澳菢迂S富多彩，相反卻變得越來越單調(diào)乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在的休假概念。當(dāng)然，某種方式的休息，歷來是人生節(jié)奏的一部分，但人類社會(huì)早期認(rèn)為沒有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。那時(shí)的節(jié)日足已滿足人們的需要。

由于現(xiàn)代人生活越來越緊張，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假變得越來越必要。休假已成為調(diào)節(jié)修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放縱而生活節(jié)奏最緊張單調(diào)的美國(guó)，休假就成了家庭閑談的主要話題。

31.單選題

Mybrother’splansarevery（）;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrary

B.aggressive

C.ambitious

D.abundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，專制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有進(jìn)取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“豐富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的計(jì)劃很有野心，他想在16歲前掌握英語，法語和西班牙語。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

32.單選題

Asaresult,themissionoftheschool,alongwihthecultureoftheclassroom,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasslowlytochange

B.areslowlychanged

C.isslowlychanging

D.haveslowlychanged

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知該題考查主謂一致的問題。插入部分的alongwith后的附加成分不影響謂語的數(shù)，因此謂語為單數(shù)形式。該句沒有時(shí)間詞表示過去，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

33.單選題

IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.BominCanton,NewYork,thesonofawealthypublisher,RemingtonwasaboxerandafootballplayeratYale—thelastnameonewouldexpecttobecometheartistoftheOldWest.Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.Attheageofnineteen,heleftcollegetolookforadventure.Hetr