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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Viruses,infectiousparticlesconsistingofnucleicacidpackagedinaproteincoat(thecapsid),aredifficulttoresist.Unabletoreproduceoutsidealivingcell,virusesreproduceonlybysubvertingthegeneticmechanismsofahostcell.Inonekindofvirallifecycle,thevirusfirstbindstothecell’ssurface,thenpenetratesthecellandshedsitscapsid.Theexposedviralnucleicacidproducesnewvirusesfromthecontentsofthecell.Finally,thecellreleasestheviralprogeny,andanewcellcycleofinfectionbegins.

Thehumanbodyrespondstoaviralinfectionbyproducingantibodies:complex,highlyspecificproteinsthatselectivelybindtoforeignmoleculessuchasviruses.Anantibodycaneitherinterferewithavirus’sabilitybindtoacell,orcanpreventitfromreleasingitsnucleicacid.

Unfortunately,thecommoncold,producedmostoftenbyrhinoviruses,isintractabletoantiviraldefense.Humanshavedifficultyresistingcoldsbecauserhinovirusesaresodiverse,includingatleast100strains.Thestrainsdiffermostinthemolecularstructureoftheproteinsintheircapsids.Sincedisease-fightingantibodiesbindtothecapsid,anantibodydevelopedtoprotectagainst-onerhinovirusstrainisuselessagainstotherstrains.Differentantibodiesmustbeproducedforeachstrain.

Adefenseagainstrhinovirusesmightnonethelesssucceedbyexploitinghiddensimilaritiesamongtherhinovirusstrains.Forexample,mostrhinovirusstrainsbindtothesamekindofmolecule(delta-receptors)onacell’ssurfacewhentheyattackhumancells.Colonno,takingadvantageofthesecommonreceptors,devisedastrategyforblockingtheattachmentofrhinovirusestotheirappropriatereceptors.Ratherthanfruitlesslysearchingforanantibodythatwouldbindtoallrhinoviruses,Colonnorealizedthatanantibodybindingtothecommonreceptorsofahumancellwouldpreventrhinovirusesfrominitiatinganinfection.Becausehumancellsnormallydonotdevelopantibodiestocomponentsoftheirowncells,Colonnoinjectedhumancellsintomice,whichdidproduceanantibodytothecommonreceptor.Inisolatedhumancells,thisantibodyprovedtobeextraordinarilyeffectiveatthwartingtherhinovirus.Moreover,whentheantibodywasgiventochimpanzees,itinhibitedrhinoviralgrowth,andinhumansitlessenedboththeseverityanddurationofcoldsymptoms.

AnotherpossibledefenseagainstrhinoviruseswasproposedbyRossman,whodescribedrhinoviruses’detailedmolecularStructure.Rossmanshowedthatproteinsequencescommontoallrhinovirusstrainslieatthebaseofadeep“canyon”scoringeachfaceoftheCapsid.Thenarrowopeningofthiscanyorpossiblypreventstherelativelylargeantibodymoleculesfrombindingtothecommonsequence,butsmallermoleculesmightreachit.Amongthesesmaller,nonantibodymolecules,somemightbindtothecommonsequence,lockthenucleicacidinitscoat,andtherebypreventthevirusfromreproducing.

54.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

55.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheproteinsequencesofthecapsidthatvarymostamongstrainsofrhinovirusarethose______.

56.Whichofthefollowingresearchstrategiesfordevelopingadefenseagainstthecommoncoldwouldtheauthorbelikelytofindmostpromising?

57.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthepurposeofColonno’sexperimentswastodeterminewhether______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussviralmechanismsandpossiblewaysofcircumventingcertainkindsofthosemechanisms

B.challengerecentresearchonhowrhinovirusesbindtoreceptorsonthesurfacesofcells

C.suggestfutureresearchonrhinoviralgrowthinchimpanzees

D.defendacontroversialresearchprogramwhosepurposeistodiscoverthemolecularstructureofrhinoviruscapsids

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.atthebaseofthe“canyon”

B.outsideofthe“canyon”

C.responsibleforproducingnucleicacid

D.responsibleforpreventingtheformationofdelta-receptors

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Continuingtolookforageneralantirhinoviralantibody.

B.Searchingforcommoncell-surfacereceptorsinhumansandmice.

C.Continuingtolookforsimilaritiesamongthevariousstrainsofrhinovirus.

D.Discoveringhowthehumanbodyproducesantibodiesinresponsetoarhinoviralinfection.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.chimpanzeesandhumanscanbothbeinfectedbyrhinoviruses

B.chimpanzeescanproduceantibodiestohumancell-surfacereceptors

C.arhinovirus’nucleicacidmightbelockedinitsproteincoat

D.bindingantibodiestocommonreceptorscouldproduceapossibledefenseagainstrhinoviruses

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章開始先闡述的病毒的繁殖和人體的抗體反映,接著引用了鼻病毒來討論病毒的攻擊機(jī)制以及抵御這種機(jī)制的辦法,故A項(xiàng)“討論病毒機(jī)制和規(guī)避某些機(jī)制的可能方法”符合題意;B項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)最近關(guān)于鼻病毒如何與細(xì)胞表面受體結(jié)合的研究”、C項(xiàng)“建議對(duì)黑猩猩鼻病毒生長(zhǎng)的未來研究”和D項(xiàng)“為一個(gè)旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)鼻病毒衣殼分子結(jié)構(gòu)的有爭(zhēng)議的研究項(xiàng)目辯護(hù)”都不夠全面。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出,鼻病毒株衣殼蛋白序列差異最大的是……的那些”。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Rossmanshowedthatproteinsequencescommontoallrhinovirusstrainslieatthebaseofadeep“canyon”scoringeachfaceoftheCapsid.(羅斯曼指出,所有鼻病毒株共有的蛋白質(zhì)序列位于衣殼表面的一個(gè)深“峽谷”的底部。)可知,擁有共同的蛋白質(zhì)序列的鼻病毒株都是位于衣殼表面的一個(gè)深“峽谷”的底部里,那么“峽谷”外的那些鼻病毒株則是沒有共同的蛋白質(zhì)序列,所以“峽谷”外的鼻病毒株的衣殼蛋白序列差異最大,故B項(xiàng)“‘峽谷’外”正確;A項(xiàng)“在‘峽谷’的底部”錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)生產(chǎn)核酸”和D項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)阻止受體的形成”并不符合題干。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“關(guān)于對(duì)普通感冒的防御,以下哪一種是作者認(rèn)為可能是最有希望的方法?”。由第四段第一句Adefenseagainstrhinovirusesmightnonethelesssucceedbyexploitinghiddensimilaritiesamongtherhinovirusstrains.(盡管如此,通過利用鼻病毒株之間隱藏的相似性,對(duì)鼻病毒的防御可能會(huì)成功。)可知,C項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)尋找各種鼻病毒株之間的相似性”正確;根據(jù)第三段中的Humanshavedifficultyresistingcoldsbecauserhinovirusesaresodiverse,includingatleast100strains…Sincedisease-fightingantibodiesbindtothecapsid,anantibodydevelopedtoprotectagainst-onerhinovirusstrainisuselessagainstotherstrains.Differentantibodiesmustbeproducedforeachstrain.(人類很難抵抗感冒,因?yàn)楸遣《痉N類繁多,至少有100種……由于抗病抗體與衣殼結(jié)合,一種用于對(duì)抗一種鼻病毒株的抗體對(duì)其他病毒株無效。每個(gè)毒株必須產(chǎn)生不同的抗體。)可知,鼻病毒種類很多,只尋找一般的抗鼻病毒抗體是難以對(duì)抗感冒的,A項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)尋找一般的抗鼻病毒抗體”錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“尋找人類和小鼠中常見的細(xì)胞表面受體”,只是Colonno設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)防止鼻病毒引發(fā)感染的一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程,該項(xiàng)不選;D項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)人體如何產(chǎn)生抗體以應(yīng)對(duì)鼻病毒感染”文中沒有提及。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出,Colonno實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是確定是否……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Ratherthanfruitlesslysearchingforanantibodythatwouldbindtoallrhinoviruses,Colonnorealizedthatanantibodybindingtothecommonreceptorsofahumancellwouldpreventrhinovirusesfrominitiatinganinfection.(科洛諾不是徒勞地尋找一種能與所有鼻病毒結(jié)合的抗體,而是意識(shí)到一種與人類細(xì)胞的普通受體結(jié)合的抗體可以防止鼻病毒引發(fā)感染。)可推斷,Colonno實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是確定與人類細(xì)胞的普通受體結(jié)合的抗體是否可以防止鼻病毒引發(fā)感染,D項(xiàng)“與普通受體結(jié)合的抗體可能產(chǎn)生一種對(duì)抗鼻病毒的防御”正確;A項(xiàng)“黑猩猩和人類都可以被鼻病毒感染”只是實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程,并不是目的;B項(xiàng)“黑猩猩能產(chǎn)生對(duì)人類細(xì)胞表面受體的抗體”,根據(jù)第四段對(duì)該實(shí)驗(yàn)的描述Becausehumancellsnormallydonotdevelopantibodiestocomponentsoftheirowncells,Colonnoinjectedhumancellsintomice,whichdidproduceanantibodytothecommonreceptor.(由于人類細(xì)胞通常不會(huì)產(chǎn)生針對(duì)自身細(xì)胞成分的抗體,Colonno將人類細(xì)胞注射到小鼠體內(nèi),小鼠確實(shí)產(chǎn)生了針對(duì)共同受體的抗體。),可知產(chǎn)生對(duì)人類細(xì)胞表面受體的抗體是小老鼠,而黑猩猩只是被注射了小鼠產(chǎn)生的抗體,該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)“鼻病毒的核酸可能被鎖在它的蛋白質(zhì)外殼中”并不是Colonno的實(shí)驗(yàn)。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.問答題

Thetroubleis,asIseeit(A),thatheisaperfectionistinhisway(B),andhesaysthat(C)liewillnothavechildrenwhen(D)theycanafforditfinancially.

【答案】試題答案:D;until

【解析】考查固定句型。not...until意為“直到……才”,因此將when改為until。

3.單選題

Allthelightsareon;theSmiths()up.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustgot

B.mustbegetting

C.mustget

D.gotupmust

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。D語(yǔ)序不對(duì),而C時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì),A不符合語(yǔ)境,是必須起床的意思。而mustbegetting表示一種猜測(cè)。句意:燈都亮了,史密斯一家應(yīng)該起床了。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,artormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother’sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalookingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedisanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorthevocalorgans,connectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstancemightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatisinherited,thennoreventheloveofit,butacertainbodilystructurethatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

2.Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyontheconditionthat(

).

3.Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit

).

4.Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiar

structureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill

).

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenbystudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy.

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingaboutprenataldevelopment.

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemsandherunbornchild's.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.surelybecomemusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeateacher

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.RoleofInheritance

B.AnUnbornChild

C.Functionofinstincts

D.InheritedTalents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。有關(guān)胎兒發(fā)育的科學(xué)知識(shí)告訴我們,母親在孕期學(xué)習(xí)詩(shī)詞、音樂等,希望能夠以此塑造自己未出生的孩子在某一方面的特性,這種做法是難以達(dá)到想要的目的的。因此B項(xiàng)(我們完全不能從胎兒發(fā)育中學(xué)到任何東西)與原文不符。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood(母親的情感沖擊會(huì)影響她的孩子,因?yàn)檫@改變了她的腺體的活動(dòng)和血液的化學(xué)成分)。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarathergeneralabilitythatwemaycallintelligence(然而,小孩有可能多少會(huì)遺傳一種普通的能力一一我們稱之為智力)。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusic,thechildmaybecomeamusician(如果這些因素都運(yùn)用到音樂方而,那么這個(gè)孩子就有可能成為一名音樂家)。故選D。

5.主旨大意題。文章重在討論特定能力和遺傳因素之間的關(guān)系。故選A。

5.單選題

Itwas()thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.attacked

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】addict使…沉迷,使...上癮;allege聲稱,斷言;attack攻擊;ascribe歸因于。Itisallegedthat為常用句型,意為“據(jù)說...”,選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.翻譯題

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】當(dāng)一些美國(guó)人談及英語(yǔ)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)時(shí),幾乎總是一開始就贊美其詞匯量之龐大,英語(yǔ)的詞匯比任何其他語(yǔ)言的詞匯至少多一倍。然而,吸引外國(guó)人的并不是詞匯量大,相反,浩瀚的詞匯很容易令外國(guó)人擔(dān)憂。真正贏得外國(guó)人的是英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)練和淳樸的特征。盡管英語(yǔ)中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音節(jié)詞,但我們卻更多地使用短語(yǔ),少用長(zhǎng)詞。而且,我們總是努力把長(zhǎng)詞縮短。以前使用puniligrion,現(xiàn)在縮短成了pun;昨天還是gasoline,今天已成為gas。歐洲沒有任何一種其他語(yǔ)言有這么多由三個(gè)字母構(gòu)成的單詞,也沒有如此多由四個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)言。“Firstcomes,firstserved(先到先供應(yīng))”便是典型的英語(yǔ),因?yàn)樗荒苛巳弧銓?shí)無華、短小精悍。

7.單選題

Whenthefamilygatheredtodiscussfinancialmatters,fatherstarted(

),bysayingthatitwasabsolutelynecessarytosetasidesomemoneyeachmonth,forinanemergencywecoulduseit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.through

C.away

D./

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。startoffbydoingsth.選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix(

)librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drifting

B.mobile

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞分析。drifting意為“漂流的,飄動(dòng)的”;mobile意為“可移動(dòng)的,流動(dòng)的”;shifting意為“轉(zhuǎn)換的”;rotating意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。

句意:該服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)營(yíng)著36家圖書館,其中6家流動(dòng)圖書館專門為農(nóng)村服務(wù)。

9.填空題

Onourcyclingtourwemanagedtocoveranaverage(1)ofabout25kilometers(2)day.

【答案】1.distance;

2.a/per

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。由后面的about25kilometers推測(cè)此處填distance。

2.語(yǔ)法分析。第二空填冠詞a或介詞per合適。

10.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare______astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.credulous

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)credible“可靠的,可信的”,B項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的,因輕信而產(chǎn)生的”,C項(xiàng)incredulous“不肯相信的,表示懷疑的”,D項(xiàng)incredible“不可能相信的,很難相信的”。由主語(yǔ)politicians(政客)和關(guān)鍵信息astheyseldomtellthetruth(因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僦v真話)可知,politiciansare______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”,D項(xiàng)符合。句意:在大多數(shù)情況下,政客們都是難以令人相信的,因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僦v真話。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphinthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

在中國(guó),筆(brush)、墨(inkstick)、紙、硯(inkslab),就是人們所說的“文房(thestudy)四寶”,在中華文明的傳承中起了重要作用。作為文化藝術(shù)工具,以其獨(dú)特性能催生了漢字特有的書法藝術(shù),也促使中國(guó)畫形成了獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格。文房四寶不僅有實(shí)用價(jià)值,它們本身也是供人觀賞的藝術(shù)品,并逐步成為收藏品。在當(dāng)今時(shí)代,使用筆、墨、紙、硯進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)和寫作的人越來越少了,但是在中國(guó)的書法,繪畫,收藏以及修身養(yǎng)性活動(dòng)中,它們?nèi)云鹬豢商娲淖饔谩?/p>

【答案】InChina,writingbrush,inkstick,paperandinkslab,whatpeoplecall“fourtreasuresofthestudy”,playanimportantroleintheinheritanceofChinesecivilization.Astoolsforcultureandart,the“fourtreasuresofthestudy”,byvirtueoftheiruniqueproperty,promotedtheemergenceofthecalligraphyartpeculiartoChinesecharacter,andChinesepaintinghasalsoformedtheuniquestyle.Inadditiontopracticalvalues,theyarealsotheworksofartforpeopletoviewandadmire,andgraduallybecomecollectionstoday.Incontemporarytimes,thenumberofpeopleusing“fourtreasuresofthestudy”forstudyingandwritinghasbeendecreasing,buttheyarestillplayinganirreplaceableroleintheactivitiesofChinesecalligraphy,painting,collectionandself-cultivation.

12.單選題

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,對(duì)過去情況假設(shè),主句:主語(yǔ)+would/should/might/couldhave+動(dòng)詞過去分詞,從句:had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。

試題答案:D;wouldhavebeen

13.單選題

TradersareshuttingdownoperationsinIvoryCoast,inaccordancewithcallsbythecountry’sinternationallyrecognizedpresident-electtoputpressureonGbagbo,the()whohasrefusedtostepdown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inception

B.incursion

C.insurgency

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inception“起初,獲得學(xué)位”;incursion“入侵,侵犯”;insurgency

“暴動(dòng)”;incumbent“在職者,現(xiàn)任者”。句意:貿(mào)易商正在關(guān)閉象牙海岸的業(yè)務(wù)為了符合國(guó)家要求,進(jìn)行國(guó)際認(rèn)證的總統(tǒng)選舉,給巴博施加壓力,巴博是拒絕退位下臺(tái)的現(xiàn)任者。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Teenagersarespendingmoremoneythanever.Justlastyear,31.6millionteensspent155billion,accordingtotheNorthbrook,Illinois-basedmarketresearchgroupTeenageResearchUnlimited.Muchofthatmoney,ofcourse,comesfromparents.

Shockedathowmuchmoneykidsspend?Maybeyouhaven'tcheekedthepricetagslatelyonsomeoftheyoungergeneration'smust-haves.

Tosome,suchextravagantspendingonthenotoriouslyfickleyoungmightseemoutrageous.Whydosomeparentsgivein?

Onefactorissurelythesheerpowerofmarketingthroughmassmedia.AccordingtothegroupAdbusters,teenagersareexposedtoanestimated3,000advertisementseachday.Combinetheadswithprogrammingitself,likethefashion-,music-,andskin-filledshowsonMTVandyou’vegotabarrageofmessagestellingkidswhattheyshouldowniftheywanttofitin.

"Thepressuresonparentstodayareenormous,nsaysTomVogele,asinglefatheroftwin18-year-oldgirlsinNewportBeach,Calif."Itrulybelieveitishardertodaytoraisechildrenwithoutspoilingthem,notbecauseparentsarelesscapableorlazy,butbecausesomanyforcesareworkingagainstme.’’

Manyworkingparentsprobablycompensatebyspendingmoneyontheirkids,saysTimothyMarshall,anassociateprofessorofdevelopmentalpsychologyatChristopherNewportUniversityinVirginia.Forsome,thereisprobablysomeguiltinvolvedinnotspendingenoughtimeathome.But,addsMarshall,spendingmoneyisalsooftenmoreconvenientinourfast-pacedsocietythangoingtobaseballgamesorotheractivities.

"It'seasiertosaylet’sgooutandspendsomemoney,intermsoffindingtimeinabusyscheduletospendwithkids,55Marshallsaid.

Formanyfamilies,ofcourse,keepingupwiththeirchildren'scostlydemandsfordesignerclothing,CDs,andconcertticketsisafinancialimpossibility.Evenforthosefamilieswhocanaffordsuchlavishspending,strikingacompromisebetweenspoilingthekidsanddenyingthemistricky,butpossible.

Teachingkidshowtobudgetandsaveiskey,Marshallsays.Insteadofjustgivingchildrenthetoysorclothingtheydesire,givethemanallowanceandshowthemhowtheycansaveupforwhatevertheywant,hesays.

Anddon’tbeafraidtojustsayno,Marshalladds."Weneedtostepupandtellkidswheretheboundariesare,thatispartsofourresponsibilityasparents,"hesaid.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,“Northbrook"ismostprobably(

).

2.Somepeoplefinditoutrageousthat

).

3.Whatistheeffectofmarketingthroughmassmedia?

4.AccordingtoMarshall,parentsprefertospendmoneyontheirchildrenmainlybecause

).

5.WhatdoesMarshallthinkparentsshoulddowiththechildren'sspendinghabit?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amarketresearchcompanybasedinIllinois

B.aspokesmanfortheTeenageResearchUnlimited

C.thebaseoftheTeenageResearchUnlimited

D.thecitywherethespendingsurveywascarriedout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.someparentsindulgetheirchildreninextravagantspending

B.someyoungergeneration'smust-havescouldcostsomuch

C.someparentsareignorantabouttheirchildren'sspending

D.somechildrendisregardtheirnotoriousspendinghabits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itfillsthemarketwithadsbeyondtheyoung’sunderstanding.

B.Itdirectsnotonlythetrendbutalsothewaysofadvertising.

C.ItstuffsallkindsofadsintoTVshowsandradioprograms.

D.Ittriggersyoungpeople’sdesiretokeepupwiththetrend.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycan'taffordthetimetostaywiththeirchildren.

B.theywanttomakeuptheirguiltfortheirchildren.

C.theyfinditmoreconvenientthangoingoutwiththechildren.

D.theyfeelitishardtoraisechildrenwithoutindulgingthem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldrefusetopayfortheirlavishspending.

B.Theyshouldrestrainthechildren'sspendingwithinlimits.

C.Theyshouldberesponsibleforprovidingforthechildren.

D.Theyshoulddrawupabudgetplanforthechildren.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Teenagersarespendingmoremoneythanever.Justlastyear,31.6millionteensspent155billion,accordingtotheNorthbrook,Illinois-basedmarketresearchgroupTeenageResearchUnlimited提到了Northbrook,后面跟了一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)來解釋說明Northbrook,所以可以得知Northbrook是一個(gè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研集團(tuán)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句Tosome,suchextravagantspendingonthenotoriouslyfickleyoungmightseemoutrageous提到對(duì)一些人來說,年輕人在奢侈品上花太多錢讓他們無法容忍。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第四段提到青少年受各種大眾媒體的影響很大。各種形式的廣告不斷告訴他們?nèi)绻脒m應(yīng)這個(gè)社會(huì),就應(yīng)該擁有某些東西。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第六段提到很多父母沒有時(shí)間陪伴孩子,因而感到愧疚(Forsome,thereisprobablysomeguiltinvolvedinnotspendingenoughtimeathome),于是,便通過多給孩子零用錢作為補(bǔ)償(Manyworkingparentsprobablycompensatebyspendingmoneyontheirkids)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提到父母應(yīng)該告訴孩子如何做預(yù)算,如何節(jié)省,而不是一味地放任。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed(1)extendingman’sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions(2)fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein(3)andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.

Smallerandneweruniversitiesdonot(4)thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe(5)researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.(6)mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis(7)tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin(8)withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.

Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto(9)theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen(10).Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe(11)one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen(12)judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they(13)studentstomeetotherswithdiffering(14)andtoreadwidelyto(15)theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.(16)asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown(17).Heshouldbepreparedto(18)sacrificestostudyhischosen(19)indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome(20)contributiontoman’sknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.by

C.to

D.in

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.turns

B.ranges

C.moves

D.varies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.prospect

B.place

C.control

D.favor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.occupy

B.possess

C.involve

D.spare

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.maximum

B.medium

C.virtual

D.vast

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.But

B.As

C.While

D.For

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.essential

C.functional

D.optional

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.coordination

B.accordance

C.touch

D.grasp

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.acquire

B.accept

C.endure

D.ensure

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.procession

B.profession

C.possession

D.preference

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.typical

B.true

C.mere

D.only

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.under

C.on

D.through

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.prompt

B.provoke

C.encourage

D.anticipate

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.histories

B.expressions

C.interests

D.curiosities

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.broaden

B.length

C.enforce

D.specify

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.Amid

B.After

C.Over

D.Upon

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.object

B.course

C.effect

D.sake

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.take

B.make

C.suffer

D.pay

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.field

B.scope

C.target

D.goal

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.radical

B.truthful

C.meaningful

D.initial

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查介詞辨析。aimtodo“想要做某事,立志要做”;aimatdoing“指望、旨在、針對(duì)”,句意:他們還開展研究工作,旨在擴(kuò)大人類對(duì)這些學(xué)科的知識(shí)。且后面動(dòng)詞是doing形式,因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)上下文,意思是各個(gè)大學(xué)對(duì)于科研的重視程度在學(xué)校和學(xué)校之間是不同的。此處vary譯為“不同”,可以構(gòu)成varyfrom…to…意為“因……而異”。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.介詞搭配題。在本句中,根據(jù)and這一并列連詞可以看出,其后的內(nèi)容為根據(jù)學(xué)?,F(xiàn)有資源的不同而決定了科研的不同,那么and前的并列部分,也是在講學(xué)校自身的原因,因此可以得出people一詞后面的介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),故而想到incontrol“主管,控制”,此處peopleincontrol意為“學(xué)校的主管人員”也就是管理者們。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occupy“占據(jù)、占領(lǐng)”;B選項(xiàng)possess“擁有、具備”;C選項(xiàng)involve“包含、涉及”;D選項(xiàng)spare“多余的,備用的”,句意:一些小規(guī)模學(xué)?;蚴切陆▽W(xué)校不擁有可以開展大型研究的工作人員和設(shè)備。B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)maximum“最大值”;B選項(xiàng)medium“中等的”;C選項(xiàng)virtual“虛擬的”;D選項(xiàng)vast“巨大的”,句意為:較小和較新的大學(xué)沒有人員或設(shè)備來進(jìn)行大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)可能進(jìn)行的大規(guī)模研究項(xiàng)目。大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的研究項(xiàng)目,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上句“較小和較新的大學(xué)沒有人員或設(shè)備來進(jìn)行大型研究機(jī)構(gòu)可能進(jìn)行的大規(guī)模研究項(xiàng)目”以及下句“大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為一些研究活動(dòng)是必要的,以保持教職員工和他們的學(xué)生在他們的學(xué)科的最新發(fā)展”,由此說明雖沒有人員和設(shè)備,但是一些研究活動(dòng)還是必要的,是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)natural“自然的”;B選項(xiàng)essential“必不可少的”;C選項(xiàng)functional“功能的”;D選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”,beessentialto為固定搭配,意為“對(duì)……至關(guān)重要,必不可少”。根據(jù)句意:專家們認(rèn)為,為了使學(xué)生和教師能夠及時(shí)了解學(xué)科發(fā)展的最新信息,搞科研是很有必要的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句意,搞科研的目的是讓教師和學(xué)生能夠及時(shí)了解前沿信息,信息詞keep,in,with和touch構(gòu)成固定搭配keepintouchwith,意為“與……保持聯(lián)系”。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”;B選項(xiàng)accept“接受”;C選項(xiàng)endure“忍受、忍耐”;D選項(xiàng)ensure“確?!?,根據(jù)上下文,學(xué)生上大學(xué)的目的主要是為了獲取知識(shí),acquire“獲得(技能,知識(shí)等)”與knowledge搭配符合句意。選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)procession“游行、隊(duì)伍”;B選項(xiàng)profession“職業(yè)、專業(yè)”;C選項(xiàng)possession“占有、所有”;D選項(xiàng)preference“偏好、偏愛”,句意為:大多數(shù)學(xué)生上大學(xué)主要是為了獲得他們所選擇的專業(yè)所需的知識(shí)。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上句“大多數(shù)學(xué)生上大學(xué)主要是為了獲得他們所選擇的專業(yè)所需的知識(shí)”,推測(cè)出下句“教育家認(rèn)為,這一目標(biāo)不應(yīng)該是唯一的目標(biāo)”,教育家認(rèn)為獲得專業(yè)知識(shí)并不只是唯一的目標(biāo),因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.考查介詞辨析。句意為:大學(xué)的目標(biāo)一直是培養(yǎng)具有判斷力、智慧和知識(shí)的男性和女性。with+名詞構(gòu)成后置定語(yǔ)修飾menandwomen。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prompt“提示、促進(jìn)”;B選項(xiàng)provoke“引起、挑起”;C選項(xiàng)encourage“鼓勵(lì)、鼓舞”;D選項(xiàng)anticipate“預(yù)料、預(yù)計(jì)”,根據(jù)上文,學(xué)校的教育目標(biāo)是多元的,因此學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去廣泛結(jié)交興趣多樣的人才。encourage意為“鼓勵(lì)、鼓舞”,其固定用法為encouragesbtodosth。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)histories“歷史、歷史記錄”;B選項(xiàng)expressions“表達(dá)”;C選項(xiàng)interests“興趣、愛好”;D選項(xiàng)curiosities“好奇”,根據(jù)上文的提示,大學(xué)的目標(biāo)一直是培養(yǎng)具有判斷力、智慧和知識(shí)的男性和女性。此處指與興趣廣泛的人結(jié)交,interest“興趣、愛好”符合題意。因此選C。

15.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broaden“擴(kuò)大、加寬”;B選項(xiàng)length“長(zhǎng)度”;C選項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施、執(zhí)行”;D選項(xiàng)specify“指定、詳細(xì)說明”,根據(jù)句意:廣泛閱讀來增加他們?cè)谠S多領(lǐng)域的理解研究,broaden“擴(kuò)大”符合題意,因此選B。

16.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amid“在……過程中”;B選項(xiàng)after“在……之后”;C選項(xiàng)over“以上、大于”;D選項(xiàng)upon“在……之上、即將來臨”,句意:在即將來臨的中學(xué)課程中,學(xué)生應(yīng)該對(duì)某一學(xué)科有足夠的興趣,從而享受獲取知識(shí)的樂趣。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查固定搭配。forone’sownsake也可以說成forthesakeofsb,意為“為了……的好處,出于對(duì)……的興趣”,因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.考查固定搭配。makesacrificetodo意為“為……做出犧牲”,此處指學(xué)生為了自己的興趣愛好做出犧牲。因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

19.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)field“領(lǐng)域、牧場(chǎng)”;B選項(xiàng)scope“范圍”;C選項(xiàng)target“目標(biāo)、指標(biāo)”;D選項(xiàng)goal“目的”,根據(jù)句意:他應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備盡一切努力深入研究他所選擇的領(lǐng)域。field“領(lǐng)域”符合題意,因此選A。

20.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)radical“激進(jìn)的、根本的”;B選項(xiàng)truthful“真實(shí)的”;C選項(xiàng)meaningful“有意義的”;D選項(xiàng)initial“最初的”,句意為:他應(yīng)該要有為人類的知識(shí)做出一些實(shí)事的決心。學(xué)術(shù)界的貢獻(xiàn)得是真實(shí)的,因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Sincethe1950s,conservationefforts—includingstricterhuntingrulesandmeasuresliketrappingthebirdsandthenreleasingthemintohealthyforests—helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protection

B.conspiracy

C.compensation

D.destruction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)protection“保護(hù);防衛(wèi);護(hù)照”;B選項(xiàng)conspiracy“陰謀;共謀”;C選項(xiàng)compensation“補(bǔ)償;報(bào)酬;賠償金”;D選項(xiàng)destruction“破壞,毀滅;摧毀”。句意:自20世紀(jì)50年代以來,保護(hù)措施——包括更嚴(yán)格的狩獵規(guī)則和誘捕火雞然后將它們放歸健康的森林等措施——幫助了野生火雞數(shù)量的恢復(fù)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)helpedrestorewildturkeypopulations(幫助恢復(fù)了野生火雞的數(shù)量),可排除B、D選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)不符合題意,也可排除,得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto()ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.which

C.that

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。so…that…如此……以至于……。句意:在一個(gè)人們花很多時(shí)間傾聽和與他人交談的社會(huì)中,以至于已經(jīng)失去了為自身說話的意愿和技巧,這時(shí)會(huì)話的力量就變?nèi)趿恕_x項(xiàng)C符合句意,所以正確。

18.翻譯題

E-mailisnowonethefastestwaystogainorlosepotentialcustomersbecauseoftheabi

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