書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京理工大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（

）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:大量的修復工作已經(jīng)使大教堂回復到了它先前的壯觀景象。

Refresh更新;restore使...恢復到之前或原始的狀態(tài);renovate修復到之前或更佳的狀態(tài);renew（遭到損害后）重生。句中并未提及教堂被損壞，并且提及大量的修復工作,因此renovate最合適。

2.單選題

Theplantoallowthereadingpublictorente-books,muchastheyrentmovies,hasprovedsomuchmorecontentiousthanitspioneer,theformerWaterstonesmanagingdirectorTimCoates,hadhoped.

ThatpublishersareverycautiousoftheideaofhisnewBilbarye-rentalventure,whichlaunchedthisweek,isperhapsnotentirelysurprising:althoughthee-rentalsautomaticallydeletethemselveswhentheborrowingtimeexpires,theyfeartheschememightharmsales.

Lesscontroversial,however,isMrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.Hundredsofthenation’s4,000publiclibrariesareatrisk;andcampaigners’attemptstopersuadecourtsandcouncilstokeepthemopenarelargelyfailing.

Closinglibrariesisinevitable,theargumentgoes,inanerawhentwooutofthreeBritishhomeshaveacomputer.Butthatisfarfromthewholestory.While200millionbooksaresoldeveryyear,morethan310millionareborrowed.Theone-in-threehomeswithoutacomputerarethoseofthenation’spoorerchildren,manyofwhomlivewithoutevenatableatwhichtheycandotheirhomework.ItiswithonlythemildestexaggerationthatAlanBennett,theplaywrightandcampaigner,describestheclosureoflibrariesasanactof“childabuse”.

Tosome,theword“l(fā)ibrary”conjuresonlynegativeassociations,anirrelevantanachronisminanincreasinglydigitalworld.Butagoodlibraryisfarmorethanjustaplacetostorebooks.Itisagatewaytoknowledge,aplacewellabletoadapttothecomputerageandindoingsosupportthecuriosity,studyandresearchofnewgenerations.

Thereare,ofcourse,somelibrariesthatareunfitforpurpose.Butthosethatusedigitaltechnologiesasanaide,ratherthantreatthemasathreat,morethanholdtruetotheircorepurpose.Andthosethathavemadetheleapareseeingvisitornumbersrise,notfall.Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.WecanonlyhopethatMr.Coates’supportcanhelpmanyofthemtodoso.

1.Theargumentabouttheclosingoflibrariesstemsfrom（）.

2.Theword“anachronism”inPara.5mightmean（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardclosinglibrariescanbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.thefallofsaleofbooks

B.theadventofdigitaltechnologies

C.thegovernmentbudgetcut

D.theworldeconomicrecession

問題2選項

A.chronologicalerror

B.phonologicalerror

C.etymologicalerror

D.historicalerror

問題3選項

A.Somepeoplebelievethatlibrariesareoutofdateindigitalage.

B.IntheUK,oneoutofthreehomesdon’thavecomputers.

C.Itisinevitablethatdigitallibrarieswillreplacetheexistinglibraries.

D.Somelibrariesneedintroducingdigitaltechnologiesasanaid.

問題4選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.neutral

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段第一句“MrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.”科茨先生慷慨承諾將Bilbary的大部分利潤捐贈給那些開放受到政府預算削減威脅的圖書館。由此可知,關于關閉圖書館的爭論源于政府的預算削減,選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文句意:對一些人來說,“圖書館”這個詞只會讓人聯(lián)想到負面的聯(lián)想,在這個日益數(shù)字化的世界里,這是一個無關緊要的時代錯誤。根據(jù)“anincreasinglydigitalworld”可以推測,時代在變化,所以這里指的是時代錯誤,選項A正確。

3.原文最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.”英國的圖書館不需要關閉,但是可能需要改變。所以,選項C說法錯誤。

4.作者在最后一段提到,英國的圖書館不需要關閉,但是可能需要改變。這體現(xiàn)了作者的中立態(tài)度。所以選項D正確。

3.單選題

OnethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia,（）intheSanFranciscoarea.

問題1選項

A.remarkably

B.severely

C.drastically

D.predominantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。remarkably“顯著地，驚人地”；severely“嚴重地，嚴格地”；drastically“徹底地，激烈地”；predominantly“主要地，顯著地”。句意：在美國，三分之一的中國人居住在加利福尼亞，大多數(shù)主要居住在舊金山地區(qū)。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey（）radiationbetter.

問題1選項

A.standinwith

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standupto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在太空中，女性比男性有著顯著的優(yōu)勢，因為她們需要的食物和氧氣更少，而且她們更能抵抗輻射。

考查短語辨析。standinwith與……聯(lián)合，合謀;standinfor代替;standupfor支持，堅持，standupto經(jīng)得起，抵抗?？崭裉幍馁e語是“輻射”，因此D項正確。

5.單選題

Atlastsheleftherhouseandhurriedtotheairportonly______theplaneflyingaway.

問題1選項

A.saw

B.seen

C.seeing

D.tosee

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最后她離開了家，匆忙趕往機場，卻只看見飛機飛走了。only+現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）和only+不定式（短語）都可作結(jié)果狀語，跟現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示一種自然的合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，而跟不定式往往表示一種出乎意料的或令人失望的結(jié)果，僅限于少數(shù)終止性動詞，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是結(jié)果狀語，匆忙趕往機場卻未能如愿登機，是令人失望的結(jié)果，D選項tosee符合題意。A選項saw是一般過去時，作謂語動詞，不作非謂語動詞；B選項seen是過去分詞，不單獨使用；C選項onlyseeing表示合乎邏輯的結(jié)果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情況，不符合語境。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Thecentury-oldhostilitiesbetweenthetwotribeseventuallyterminatedthroughthepersistenteffortsofthelocalgovernment.

問題1選項

A.diminished

B.shrunk

C.vanished

D.worsened

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：經(jīng)過當?shù)卣牟恍概?，兩個部落之間長達一個世紀的敵對關系終于結(jié)束了。A選項diminish“減少，縮小”；B選項shrink“收縮，回避”；C選項vanish“消失”；D選項worsen“惡化”。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指敵意消失了，terminate意為“終止，結(jié)束”，所以選項C與之意思相近，代入符合語境。

7.單選題

Sheisfondof______,sodon’tapproachherandtellherwhattroublesyou.She’llmakeitknowtoall.

問題1選項

A.speech

B.appraisal

C.comment

D.gossip

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項speech“演講”；B選項appraisal“評估；估價”；C選項comment“議論；批評”；D選項gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語；閑聊”。句意：她喜歡______，所以不要接近她，告訴她你的煩惱。根據(jù)語境，這里指她非常喜歡說閑話，所以不要跟她走太近，D選項gossip“流言飛語，閑言碎語”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.

11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey（）.

12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby（）.

13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould（）.

問題1選項

A.sleepinthreedistinctparts

B.havemanyfiveminutenap

C.sleepinonelongblock

D.takeoneortwonapsdaily

問題2選項

A.itsgenes

B.itshabit

C.itsmentalstate

D.itsphysicalcondition

問題3選項

A.takesomerefreshment

B.gotobedearly

C.havealongrest

D.giveittosleep

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:

第2題:

第3題:

9.單選題

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

問題1選項

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:與英國和西印度群島的貿(mào)易使諸如波士頓這樣的殖民海港得以繁榮發(fā)展。故選D。

10.單選題

2.

問題1選項

A.Tuberculosis(肺結(jié)核).

B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).

C.Laryngitis(喉炎).

D.Flu.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Goodafternoon,doctor.Ihaveaterribleheadache.YesterdayIhadarunnynose.Nowmynoseisstuffedup.

M:Letmegiveyouanexamination.First,letmehavealookatyourthroat.Ok,nowletmeexamineyourchest.Doyouhaveahistoryoftuberculosis?

W:No,Idon’tthinkso.

M:Yourthroatisinflamedandyourtongueisthicklycoated.Youhaveallthesymtomsofinfluenza.

Q:Whatisthewomansufferingfrom?

【解析】細節(jié)題。醫(yī)生說：Youhaveallthesymptomsofinfluenza，即他認為女士有流感的所有癥狀。

11.寫作題

“Financialgainshouldbethemostimportantfactorinchoosingacareer.”

Discusstheextenttowhichyouagreewiththeopinionstatedabove.Supportyourviewswithreasonsand/orexamplesfromownexperience,observations,orreading.

【答案】FinancialGainShouldNotBetheMostImportantFactorinChoosingaCareer12.單選題

Amajoritytakencollectivelymayberegardedasabeingwhoseopinionsand,mostfrequently,whoseinterestsareopposedtothoseofanotherbeing,whichisstyledaminority.Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?Menarenotapttochangetheircharactersbyagglomeration;nordoestheirpatienceinthepresenceofobstaclesincreasewiththeconsciousnessoftheirstrength.Forthesereasonsweshouldnotwillinglyinvestanygroupofourfellowswiththatunlimitedauthoritywhichweshouldrefusetoanyindividual.

Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.Unlimitedpowerisinitselfabadanddangerousthing,andnopoweronearthissoworthyofhonorforitselforofreverentialobediencetotherightswhichitrepresentsthatweshouldadmititsuncontrolledandall-predominantauthority.Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.

ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength;theexcessivelibertywhichreignsinthatcountryisnotsoalarmingasistheveryinadequatesecuritywhichexistsagainsttyranny.

WhenanindividualorapartyiswrongedintheUnitedStates,towhomcanheapplyforredress?Iftothepublicopinion,publicopinionconstitutesthemajority;iftothelegislature,itrepresentsthemajorityandimplicitlyobeysitsinjunctions;iftotheexecutivepower,itisappointedbythemajorityandremainsapassivetoolinitshands;thepublictroopsconsistofthemajorityunderarms;thejuryisthemajorityinvestedwiththerightofhearingjudicialcases,andincertainstateseventhejudgesareelectedbythemajority.Howeveriniquitousorabsurdtheevilcomplainedabout,nosurebarrierisestablishedtodefendagainstit.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

3.Theauthor’streatmentofthetopicofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

4.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項

A.TheTyrannyoftheMajority

B.Democracy:TriumphofthePeople

C.AbusesofPower

D.TheFailureofDemocracyintheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.Democracyisnogreaterdefenseagainsttyrannythanismonarchyoraristocracy.

B.Minorityrulewouldprobablybemoreresponsivetotheneedsofallpeoplethanmajorityrule.

C.Torenderitselfimmunetothegermoftyranny,theUnitedStatesshouldstrengthenitspoliticalinstitutions.

D.Sinceonesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,itisfutiletoprovidechecksandbalancesingovernment.

問題3選項

A.ironic

B.neutral

C.logical

D.irreverent

問題4選項

A.challengingacommonlyheldbelief

B.contrastingtwoopposingviews

C.advocatingacourseofaction

D.reconcilinganapparentconflict

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承認一個擁有絕對權(quán)力的人可能會濫用這種權(quán)力來冤枉他的對手，為什么大多數(shù)人在濫用他們權(quán)力的時候不會受到同樣的指責呢？此句為文章的中心句，體現(xiàn)了文章的中心思想。下文繼續(xù)提出我們不應該把我們應該拒絕給個人的絕對權(quán)力授予任何大多數(shù)派的人?？膳袛喑鲎罘衔恼碌闹黝}與大多數(shù)派相關。選項A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“Whentherightandmeansofabsolutecommandareconferredonapeopleoraking,onanaristocracyorademocracy,amonarchyorarepublic,therehasbeenimplantedthegermoftyranny.”，當絕對命令的權(quán)力授予一個民族或一個國王、一個貴族或一個民主、一個君主制或一個共和國時，就已經(jīng)埋下了專制的種子?？膳袛喑雒裰骱途髦苹蛸F族統(tǒng)治一樣，也可能導致專制統(tǒng)治，選項A符合文意。文章中并沒有提及少數(shù)人統(tǒng)治比多數(shù)人統(tǒng)治更令人滿意，并未將二者進行比較，選項B不符合文意。根據(jù)第三段第一句，“ThemainevilofthepresentdemocraticinstitutionsoftheUnitedStatesdoesnotarise,asisoftenassertedinEurope,fromtheirweakness,butfromtheiroverpoweringstrength…”美國現(xiàn)行民主制度的主要弊端，并不像歐洲人常說的那樣，來自于它們的軟弱，而是來自于它們壓倒一切的力量?？膳袛喑鑫恼虏⑽刺峒懊绹枰訌娬沃贫葋砻馐軐Ｖ平y(tǒng)治。選項C不符合文意。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“Onesocialpowermustalwayspredominateoverothers,butlibertyisendangeredwhenthispowerischeckedbynoobstacleswhichmayretarditscourseandforceittomoderateitsownvehemence.”，一種社會力量必須始終凌駕于其他力量之上，但如果這種力量不受任何阻礙，而使其激烈程度得不到緩和，自由就會受到威脅?？膳袛喑鲭m然在社會中一種力量必須凌駕于其他力量之上，但是權(quán)力行使的激烈程度必須受到限制和阻礙，以免使自由受到威脅，所以權(quán)力制衡是有必要的。選項D不符合文意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“Ifitisadmittedthatamanpossessingabsolutepowermaymisusethatpowerbywronginghisadversaries,whyshouldamajoritynotbeliabletothesamereproach?”，如果承認一個擁有絕對權(quán)力的人可能會濫用這種權(quán)力來冤枉他的對手，為什么大多數(shù)人在濫用他們權(quán)力的時候不會受到同樣的指責呢？此句為文章的中心句，體現(xiàn)了文章的中心思想。由個人權(quán)力推理到大多數(shù)派權(quán)力的行使，所以作者對話題的探討是具有邏輯性的。選項C符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到一個擁有絕對權(quán)力的個人會濫用權(quán)力來冤枉對手，那么擁有權(quán)力的大多數(shù)人在濫用權(quán)力時也應該受到責備。文章第二段繼續(xù)指出當絕對命令的權(quán)力授予給一個民族或一個國王、一個貴族或一個民主、一個君主制或一個共和國時，就已經(jīng)埋下了專制的種子。可判斷出個人或大多數(shù)派統(tǒng)治對專制的防御都不會更好，對應文中提及的美國民主政治中存在的現(xiàn)象，所以作者在本文中在挑戰(zhàn)一個普遍的信念。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto（

）thetheatre.

問題1選項

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項substitute“代替”；B選項subsidize“資助”；C選項subscribe“簽署，贊成”；D選項subordinate“使服從”。句意：今天將重點討論政府是否有必要對劇院進行補貼。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Becausetheselinesaretakenoutof（）,theydonotconveythemessagetheauthorintended.

問題1選項

A.content

B.contact

C.context

D.contract

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項content“內(nèi)容；目錄”；B選項contact“接觸；聯(lián)系”；C選項context“環(huán)境；上下文”；D選項contract“合同；契約”。Because引導原因狀語從句，由主句theydonotconveythemessagetheauthorintended.“它們無法傳達作者想表達的含義，可知單看一個句子是無法了解到作者想要表達的含義的，需要結(jié)合文章的上下文，才能夠理清思路。句意：由于脫離了……，這些文字無法傳達作者想表達的含義。因此C選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesofferedretirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireandmakewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.

問題1選項

A.rewards

B.opportunities

C.motives

D.stimuli

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive“激勵；獎勵；誘因”；A選項reward“獎勵；獎賞”；B選項opportunity（其復數(shù)形式為opportunities）“時機，機會”；C選項motive“動機，目的”；D選項stimuli（其為stimulus的復數(shù)形式）“激勵；刺激；促進因素”。句意：為了吸收更年輕的勞動力，許多公司推出了退休計劃，以激勵年齡較大的員工退休，為工資較低的年輕員工讓路。根據(jù)句中“retirementplans退休計劃”可知incentive在這里的意思應為“激勵”，因此D選項正確。

16.單選題

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia，withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw；topumpmoreoil，drillmorewells；togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

（

）.

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

問題2選項

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

問題3選項

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

問題4選項

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

問題5選項

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

問題6選項

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworldwide

B.peopleandnatureshouldcoexistinharmony

C.peopleshouldbeproudoftheirpositioninnature

D.economicgrowthhaschangedtheecosystemrapidly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“…withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplications...(經(jīng)濟學家并沒有考慮到經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對環(huán)境及生態(tài)的長期影響。)”,即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.(但是，盡管經(jīng)濟可能會擴張，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)卻不會。)”即可得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.(他們關于饑荒和短缺的預言并沒有實現(xiàn)。)”即可得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s(始于17世紀英格蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)革命極大地提高了一英畝土地上的糧食產(chǎn)量，20世紀60年代和70年代也發(fā)生了同樣的事情，),”即可得出本題答案。

5.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段倒數(shù)第三句。根據(jù)“Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.(在過去100萬年的人類進化過程中，同樣的事情也會發(fā)生，從蒸汽機到搜索引擎，所有的一切都能在過去的21秒內(nèi)完成。)”即可進行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

6.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干將信息點定位至原文第二段最后一句。根據(jù)“haschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletime(在這么短的時間里，地球和人類社會發(fā)生了巨大的變化)”即可得出本題答案。

17.單選題

Bynowhehasreachedthe（

）ofhisambition.

問題1選項

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項superiority“優(yōu)越”；B選項resolution“分辨率，決心”；C選項summit“頂點”；D選項procedure“程序，步驟”。句意：到目前為止，他已經(jīng)達到了他抱負的頂峰。選項C符合句意。

18.單選題

Thoughsteamengineshavenowpassedthe______oftheirusefulness,theirheritageremains.

問題1選項

A.prime

B.era

C.epoch

D.date

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.prime年富力強的時期；鼎盛時期B.era時代；年代

C.epoch紀元；時期D.date日期；日子

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵信息passedthe______oftheirusefulness（過了它們使用的______）和主句theirheritageremains（但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在）可推知，該句表示的是“即使蒸汽機過了當初的鼎盛時期，但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在至今”，空格處表示“鼎盛時期”符合句意，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B、C項都是指歷史上的一段時期，尤指發(fā)生重要事件或變化的時期，不符合句意；

D項不符合句意。

【句意】盡管蒸汽機現(xiàn)在已不再有用，但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在。

19.單選題

Theuniversityisnowmakingeffortstomakethesupplyanddemandofinformationmore（）andtoprotectstudents'rightswithlegaladvice.

問題1選項

A.transparent

B.visible

C.applicable

D.practical

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。transparent"透明的;顯然的";visible"看得見的";applicable"可適用的,可應用的";practical"實際的,實用性的"。句意：學校目前正在努力使信息的供求更加透明,并通過法律咨詢來保護學生的權(quán)利。選項A符合句意。

20.單選題

Thosepersonswhosereligious（）heavilyreliedonrituals，suchasinfantbap-

tism,weremorelikelytosupporttheDemocrats.

問題1選項

A.confession

B.condemnation

C.establishment

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：那些宗教（）極為依賴諸如嬰兒洗禮等儀式的人更可能支持民主黨。A選項confession懺悔，承認；B選項condemnation譴責，定罪；C選項establishment建立；D選項acknowledgement承認，確認。A選項confession符合句意。

21.單選題

Theshopassistantwasstraightwithhiscustomers.Ifanarticlewasof（）quality,he’dtellthemso.

問題1選項

A.humble

B.inferior

C.minor

D.awkward

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項humble“謙遜的、簡陋的”；B選項inferior“差的、自卑的”；C選項minor“較小的、次要的”；D選項awkward“尷尬的、笨拙的”，句意為：那個店員對顧客很坦率。如果商品質(zhì)量低劣，他就會把它們換掉。inferiorquality為次等質(zhì)量的意思，因此選項B符合題意。

22.單選題

Thewingsofthebirdstill（

）afterithadbeenshotdown.

問題1選項

A.slapped

B.scratched

C.flapped

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。slap“拍擊”；scratch“抓，搔”；flap“拍動翅膀”；fluctuate“波動”。句意：鳥兒在被打中之后仍然在拍動翅膀。選項C符合題意。

23.單選題

Beforethebankwaswillingtolendhimmoney,ithadto______thathewasthetrueownerofthehouse.

問題1選項

A.verify

B.entrust

C.acknowledge

D.grant

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.verify核實；證實B.entrust委托；交托

C.acknowledge承認D.grant同意，準予

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“在銀行愿意借錢給他之前，必須______他是這幢房子的主人”可知，空格處表示“證實，證明”符合句意，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】銀行先得核實他確實是這幢房子的主人，然后才肯借錢給他。

24.單選題

BorisYeltsin,Russia’s______president,died.HisfuneralinMoscowwasattendedbyabevyofworldleaderspastandpresent.

問題1選項

A.prior

B.past

C.former

D.late

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：俄羅斯______總統(tǒng)鮑里斯?葉利欽去世。C選項formerpresident“前任總統(tǒng)”為固定搭配，其余選項非固定搭配也不符合句意。因此C選項正確。

25.單選題

Manynew（）willbeopenedupinthefutureforthosewithauniversityeducation.

問題1選項

A.opportunities

B.necessities

C.realities

D.probabilities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析A:opportunities“機會”；B:necessities“必要性”；C:realities“現(xiàn)實”；D:probabilities“可能性”。句意：今后，許多新的機會將為受過大學教育的人打開。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

26.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Afterbeingtoutedintheearly1990sas“themedicineofthefuture,”genetherapyleftan18-year-olddeadandthreeotherswithleukemia;inJulyitwastiedtothedeathofa36-year-oldIllinoiswomanundergoingtreatmentforrheumatoidarthritis,althoughfurtherinvestigationclearedhertherapyoftheblame.Genetherapyscientists,however,believetheycanputthebadnewsbehindthem,thankstoahandfulofrecentdevelopmentsandothersjustoverthehorizon.

(42)Researchersinitiallyplannedtotreathereditarydisorderssuchascysticfibrosis,inwhichnormalgeneproductsaredeficient,bydeliveringfunctionalcopiesofmissinggenestocellsthatneedthem.Sincethen,scientistshaveexpandedgenetherapy’spossibleapplicationstoinclude“training”immunecellstohuntdowncancer,buildingnewbloodvesselsandmakingtheimmunesystemresistanttoinfection.

“Wereallydon’tknowthefulldimensionofwhatitcando,”saysArthurNienhuis,ahematologistatSt.JudeChildren’sResearchHospitalinMemphisandpresidentoftheAmericanSocietyofGeneTherapy(ASGT).Inadditionto12cancertreatmentsandahearttreatmentcurrentlyinlargephaseIIIclinicaltrials,therehavebeenahandfulofearly-stagedevelopments:inJunedoctorsatNewYork—PresbyterianHospitalannouncedpromisingresultsfromaphaseItrialforParkinson’sdisease;atherapythathasrestoredsightto70congenitallyblinddogsisbeingtestedinhumansattheUniversityofPennsylvania;andeightresearchgroupsaregearinguptotestnewHIVtreatments.(43)

(44)Itcantargetonlythosetissuesthatneedit,“whichisamajorcontrastwithtraditionalpharmacotherapy,whereyoutakeapillorreceiveaninjection,andavery,verysmallportionoftheinjectedoringesteddrugactuallyarrivesatthe[correct]site,”saysDavidDichek,acardiologistattheUniversityofWashington.Butensuringthatthegenereachesitstargetisnosmallfeat.Trialscanskirtthisproblemwhentargetedcellscanbeinjecteddirectlyoreasilyremoved-withthelattermethod,doctorscanmanipulateisolatedcellsinthelabandreplacetheminthepatientlater.Butgettinggenestoinaccessibletargetshasbeenoneofthefield’sbiggesthurdles.

(45)Virusesaregoodatdeliveringgeneticpayloadstocells;afterall,thatiswhattheydo.Ifscientistsstripvirusesoftheirgeneticmaterialandreplaceitwiththerapeuticgenes,viruseswilldeliverthispayloadtothecellsinstead.Differentvirusesdodifferentthings—someattacktheliver,othersnerves;someinserttheirDNAintothehostgenome,othersdonot—sophysicianscanchoosethosethatbestsuittheirpurposesandfurtherengineerthemifneedbe.“There’sbeenalotofefforttosteervirusestogospecificplaces,”saysDonaldKohn,animmunologistattheKeckSchoolofMedicineoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandChildrenHospitalLosAngeles.

A.Evenifgenetherapyconquersthesechallenges,williteverovercomeitsnegativereputation?

B.Whatmakesgenetherapysopromisingalsomakesitextremelychallenging.

C.Mostscientistsusemodifiedvirusesas“vectors”todelivergenetherapy.

D.AlthoughnogenetherapieshaveyetbeenapprovedbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration,morethan800trialsareongoing;Chinahasapprovedtwocancertreatments,buttheirefficacyremainsunclear.

E.Thepast15yearshavebeenarollercoasterforgenetherapy.

F.Genetherapydescribesanytreatmentinwhichdoctorsinsertnewormodifiedgenesintoaperson’scellstotreatorpreventdisease.

【答案】41.E

42.F

43.D

44.B

45.C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Evenifgenetherapyconquersthesechallenges,williteverovercomeitsnegativereputation?A.即使基因療法克服了這些挑戰(zhàn)，它能克服它的負面名聲嗎？

B.Whatmakesgenetherapysopromisingalsomakesitextremelychallenging.B.基因治療如此有前途的同時也極具挑戰(zhàn)性。

C.Mostscientistsusemodifiedvirusesas“vectors”todelivergenetherapy.C.大多數(shù)科學家使用改良病毒作為載體來進行基因治療。

D.AlthoughnogenetherapieshaveyetbeenapprovedbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration,morethan800trialsareongoing;Chinahasapprovedtwocancertreatments,buttheirefficacyremainsunclear.D.盡管美國食品和藥物管理局尚未批準基因療法，但有800多項試驗正在進行中；中國已經(jīng)批準了兩種癌癥療法，但療效尚不清楚。

E.Thepast15yearshavebeenarollercoasterforgenetherapy.E.過去的15年是基因治療的過山車。

F.Genetherapydescribesanytreatmentinwhichdoctorsinsertnewormodifiedgenesintoaperson’scellstotreatorpreventdisease.F.基因療法指的是醫(yī)生將新的或修改過的基因注入人體細胞以治療或預防疾病的任何一種治療方法。

41.空格處位于句首，推測空格處為段落主旨句。下文中主要提到“基因療法在20世紀90年代初被吹捧為未來的藥物，后來導致一名18歲的人死亡，另有三人患上白血病等”，E選項“過去的15年是基因治療的過山車”很好地總結(jié)了這一段的大意，因此，該題選擇E項。

42.空格下文中分別提到研究者和科學家對基因療法的研究和利用，F(xiàn)項是對基因療法概念和用途的介紹。因此，該題選擇F項“基因療法指的是醫(yī)生將新的或修改過的基因注入人體細胞以治療或預防疾病的任何一種治療方法”恰當。

43.該段主要講的是關于基因療法的臨床試驗和早期發(fā)展情況，所以最后一句應該是和基因療法的發(fā)展相關，D項“盡管美國食品和藥物管理局尚未批準基因療法，但有800多項試驗正