LESSON26如何闡述獨特見解：誰是天生藝術家Part1詞匯脫口秀Art n.藝術Whatisthepurposeofart?畢加索：Thepurposeofartiswashingthedustofdailylifeoffoursouls.愛爾蘭劇作家DanGordon說：Artiswhatmakesushuman,andit'sforeveryone.Artsarenotaluxury,theyarearight.Itisasimportanttobeabletosingormakemusicorwriteorsculptorpaintordanceoract,asitistoliveandbreathe.1）藝術藝術博物館：artmuseum藝術展覽：artexhibition藝術作品：worksofart/artworks藝術家： artist藝術的一個門類finearts:Sophiaisanartstudentandstudiesfineartsincollege.狹義的finearts指純美術：Inanarrowsense,fineartsrefertovisualartformssuchaspainting,sculptureandarchitecture.廣義的finearts指藝術：Inabroadsense,fineartsincludepainting,sculpture,architecture,music,film,photographyetc.2）arts復數(shù)表示：人文學科 =humanitiesAtauniversityorcollege,artsaresubjectssuchashistory,literature,or languagesincontrasttoscientificsubjects.所以：文科生artsstudent(注意arts用復數(shù))注意區(qū)別：artstudent藝術學生理科生sciencestudent大學里的學位：BA=BachelorofArtsMA=MasterofArtsBSc=BachelorofScienceMSc=MasterofScience3）人們也常常把一種學問引申為artCommunicationisanart.中國古代一本名著：《孫子兵法》英文：TheArtofWar美國45任總統(tǒng)DonaldTrump《Theartofthedeal》美國曾經(jīng)的教育部長JohnW.Gardner說過：Lifeistheartofdrawingwithoutaneraser.Critic n.評論家藝術評論家：artcriticThejobofanartcriticistomakejudgmentsaboutthegoodandbadqualitiesofartworks.戲劇評論家：theatrecritic音樂評論家：musiccritic文學評論家：literarycritic19世紀末，英國首相BenjaminDisraeli有句對評論家的有趣點評：FormerBritishP.M.BenjaminDisraelisaid,“Criticsarethosewhohavefailedinliteratureandart.”衍生詞：criticize批評 criticismn.批評Joeyhasbeencriticizedforhiscarelessness.Buthedoesn’tacceptthecriticism.他還埋怨說：Peoplearetoocritical.criticaladj挑剔的，批評的Mybossisalwayscritical.近義詞：picky表示挑三揀四,吹毛求疵的Maryisverypickyabouthotelswhenshetravels.choosy精挑細選，選擇慎重，很講究Someladiesarenotpicky.Theyarejustchoosyabouttheirclothes.Critical還可以表達：批評的，批判的人們對這項政策的態(tài)度是反對的。（聽記1）如果支持：Peoplearesupportiveofthepolicy.criticalthinking批判性思考Criticalthinkingistheabilitytothinkclearlyandlogicallyaboutwhattodoorwhattobelieve.批判性思考關鍵是什么？Criticalthinkingisnotaboutbeingcriticalofsomethingwithoutreason.Thekeyofcriticalthinkingisnottoacceptwithoutthinkingabouttheassumption.比如：為啥你會害怕輸在起跑線上？不要輸在起跑線上。Don’tloseatthestartingline.Assumption前提是：人生是100-metresprint，MarathonMotivationandstaminaarethetwofactorsdeterminingwhetherornotyouwillsucceedinaMarathon.Paint 繪畫三種繪畫方式：Paint 通常是用色彩和涂料來畫Draw 通常用線條來畫，素描drawapictureusingapencilorpen;Butyoupaintapictureusingabrush.Sketch 速寫Ifyousketchsomething,youmakeaquickdrawingwithoutalotofdetails.畫的種類：油畫： oilpainting水彩畫： watercolor水粉畫：gouache/ɡu'ɑ:?/（來自法語）風景畫：landscapepainting中國國畫：traditionalChinesepainting中國水墨畫：Chineseinkandwash/ink-washpaintingPretend口語：別裝了： （聽記2）裝聾作啞：Don’tplaydumb.Ifyouplaydumb,youpretendthatyouhavenoorlittleknowledgeofsomething.比如：你去上廁所，一個朋友把你的包藏起來。你回來時候，問他Whereismybag?朋友說：Ihavenoidea.你說：Don’tplaydumb.Iknowitwasyou!核心用法：pretendtodo/pretendthat+句子造句：知之為知之，不知為不知。（3）晚上，當爸爸走進兒子房間查看睡了沒，發(fā)現(xiàn)他在裝睡。Stoppretendingtobeasleep.Iknowyouareawake.第二天，走進兒子的房間，看到孩子在讀書，但書拿倒了。Stoppretendingtobereading.Youareholdingthebookupsidedown.兒子說：Dad,canyoujustpretendthatyouhaveseennothing?爸爸說：Ifyouwantmetoplaydumb,youshouldstoppretending.Material n.（可數(shù)）BuildingmaterialsRawmaterialsLearningmaterialsReadingmaterialsmaterial有時也特指“布料”買襯衫時你問店員：Whatmaterialisthisshirtmadeof?回答說：Cotton.棉布3）做某個工作的合適人選(不可數(shù))Iamnotmusicianmaterial,becauseIamalwayssingingoff-key.Michaelisscientistmaterial.Appreciate1）欣賞Ifyouappreciatesomething,youenjoyitbecauseyourecognizeitsgoodqualities.注意：欣賞的兩個要素：enjoy B.recognizethegoodqualities欣賞音樂：appreciatethemusicAlmosteveryoneenjoyslisteningtomusic.Butnoteveryonecanappreciatethemusic.中秋節(jié)：Asatradition,peopleappreciatethemoononMid-autumnfestivalwhileeatingmoon-cakes.2）理解：Ifyouappreciateasituationorproblem,youunderstandhowseriousorimportantitis.Kidsusuallydon’tappreciatetheimportanceofgoingtoschool.Theycan’tappreciatethevalueoflearning.有人說：讀書有啥用？我考完也都忘了。Readingislikeeatingfood.Youmayforgetwhatyouhaveeatenbefore.Butithasbecomeyourfleshandblood.3）感激；（能認識到別人幫助的價值）比較正式的場合：Ireallyappreciateyourcoming.（聽記4）Ireallyappreciateyoursupport/help.Hang 1）懸掛 【過去式hung過去分詞hung】我把一幅畫掛在了墻上。Ihungapictureonthewall.Jim把衣服掛在門后的鉤子上。Jimhunghiscoatonahookbehindthedoor.Hangern.衣架2）吊死，絞死 注意動詞不規(guī)則變化：【過去式hanged過去分詞hanged】【聽音頻】區(qū)別下面三句話：Thecriminalwashanged.Thecriminalwashungonthewall.Thecriminalhangedhimself.口語用法：hangoutwithsb. 與…一起玩，一起閑逛Ilovehangingoutwithmyfriendsonweekends.getthehangofsth. 通過一段時間練習，掌握了...的竅門Ihavegotthehangofdriving.YouwillfinditisfuntospeakEnglishonceyougetthehangofit.Upsidedown .上下顛倒這幅畫掛顛倒了。（5）春節(jié)時：Onspringfestival,theChinesecharacterFuissupposedtobehungupsidedownonthedoor.Becauseitmeans“blessinghasarrived”.你回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)家里的貓咪上躥下跳把東西全都打翻：Thewickedkittenhasturnedmyhouseupsidedown.引申：insideout里外反了TheboyiswearinghisT-shirtinsideout.【聽記答案】Peoplearecriticalof/aboutthepolicy.Stoppretending.Don’tpretendtoknowwhatyoudon’t非常感激你的到來。Thepaintingwashungupsidedown.LESSON26如何闡述獨特見解：誰是天生藝術家Part2句型精講Theyalwaystellyouwhatais'about'.Ofcourse,manypicturesnot'about'anything.注意課文中about表示“意思，目的”about這個表達的用法：意義，目的Aboutcanbeusedtodescribethepurposeofsomething.什么是友情？Friendshipisallaboutsharingandmutualsupport.【Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.】什么是領導力？Leadershipisallabouttheabilitytomakechange.英語學習目的是什么？Englishlearningisnotjustaboutlearningalanguageitself,butaboutunderstandingacultureandawayofthinking.liketheminthesamewaythatwelikecurtainmaterial.本句重點：類比句型類比思維（analogy）的本質(zhì): （聽記1）Analogy(類比)makesyourstatementmoreunderstandable.Sb.doesAinthesamewaythatsb.doesBSb.doesAjustassb.doesB造句：Iloveyouinthesamewaythatmiceloverice.（來自歌曲《老鼠愛大米》）或Iloveyoujustasmiceloverice.Myteachertreatsmeinthesamewaythatshetreatsherownson.【inthesamewaythat也可以替換成justas】Theporterdidn’tspeakEnglishinthesamewaythathisteacherspokeinclass.【inthesamewaythat也可以替換成justas】我們必須直面考試，就像戰(zhàn)士面對戰(zhàn)斗一樣。Wemustbravelyfacetheexamjustassoldiersmustfacethebattle.Justas也常用于比喻（Simile），這個是文學作品中最常用的形式之一：我們來欣賞一句非常精彩的比喻：(東欣老師溫馨提示：本句詞匯可能有點難度，大家要Hold住哦)Absenceweakensordinarypassions,butinflames(使燃燒)greatones,justasthewindblowsoutacandlebutfans（扇風）afire.（法國作家弗朗索瓦FrancoisdeLaRochefoucauld）這句話精彩在何處？【仔細聽】Ifyoucanlearnsimileandanalogywell,youwillnotonlybecomealanguagemasterbutacommunicationmasteraswell.Ithinkthatyoungchildrenoftenmodernpicturesbetterthananyoneelse.本句：比較句型：Adoessth.betterthanBdoes造句：喬丹的球技如何？MichaelJordanplayedbasketballbetterthananyoneelse(anyotherplayers).Larry英文說的如何？LarryspeaksEnglishbetterthanIdo.=HespeaksEnglishbetterthanme.LarryspeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanIdo(thanme).為啥呢？因為Larry更認真地學習《不一樣的新概念英語》。Larrylearns“ThedifferentworldofNewConceptEnglish”morecarefullythanme.Larry比其他同學更加經(jīng)常地背誦英文。（聽記2）Mysisterisonlyseven,butshealwaystellsmewhethermypicturesgoodornot.本句要點：whether表示是否，在這里引導一個賓語從句。啥是賓語從句？很簡單，就是 （聽記3）Whether有最重要的兩個結(jié)構(gòu):是否whether用法：whether+句子+(ornot) / whethertodosth.ornot場景造句1：Onenight,Iwaswalkingaloneonamountainroad.Suddenly,Icaughtsightofadarkfigureintheshadows.Iwasnotsurewhetheritwasahumanoraghost.于是我喊道：Whoareyou?Whatdoyouwant?那人回答： Don'tbeafraid.Iamnotaghost.Ididn'tknowwhethertobelievehimornot.Iwasuncertainwhethertostayorrunawayimmediately.Iaskedhimwhetherheneededanyhelp.Heansweredno.AndhesaidIhadscaredthehelloutofhim,ashethoughtIwasaghost.場景造句2：在一次晚宴上：你發(fā)現(xiàn)有個朋友Peter還沒到。你問另一個朋友Sean：Sean,IsPetercomingtoday?Sean回答：Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.你說：Whetherhecomesornot,ourdinnerpartywillstartontime.[這句中的whether引導讓步狀語，表示無論，不管]不管，無論：孩子生病了不想吃藥，媽媽說：Youhavetotakethemedicine,whetheryoulikeitornot.Youmustobeythelawwhetheryoulikeitornot.誓言：Whetheryouarerichorpoor,Iwillalwaysbethereforyou.【聽記答案】用容易理解的東西來說明比較抽象、難理解的事情LarryrecitesEnglishmoreoftenthananyotherstudents.一個句子充當賓語LESSON26如何闡述獨特見解：誰是天生藝術家Part3故事轉(zhuǎn)述中英文逐句轉(zhuǎn)述轉(zhuǎn)述場景：你有個學藝術的朋友叫Jack，有一次他和你聊了關于藝術鑒賞的話題，他認為小孩其實比大人更懂藝術，他舉了自己妹妹的有趣故事。在一次聊天中，你和一個老外恰好聊到這個話題，你想到了Jack和他妹妹的故事。于是你開始了自己的轉(zhuǎn)述：談到藝術鑒賞，我的朋友Jack有一個有趣的觀點。Whenitcomestoartappreciation,myfriendJackhasaninterestingpoint.Jack是一個學藝術的學生，他畫了很多畫。Jackisanartstudentandpaintsalotofpictures.他認為大多數(shù)人其實并不懂得如何欣賞現(xiàn)代藝術。Hebelievesthatmostpeopleactuallydon’tunderstandhowtoappreciatemodernart.他們中很多人假裝知道一幅畫意味著什么，或者有什么意思。Manyofthempretendtoknowwhatapictureisaboutorwhatapicturemeans.但，他們的想法可能太復雜了。Buttheirmindsmaybetoocomplicated.其實，很多的繪畫并沒有“意味”著什么，它們不過是一些好看的圖案。Infact,manypicturesarenot“about”anything,theyaresimplyprettypatterns.人們喜愛這些畫，就像喜歡漂亮的窗簾和美麗的花朵一樣。Peoplelikethemjustaswelikeprettycurtainmaterialorbeautifulflowers.換句話說，我們喜歡一幅畫，并不是因為它具有某個意思或者具備某個目的。Inotherwords,welikeapicturenotbecauseithasacertain“meaning”orservesasa“purpose”.我們喜愛它因為它很美。Weloveitbecauseitisbeautiful.Jack還認為，小孩常常比其他人更懂得欣賞現(xiàn)代繪畫。Jackalsoarguesthatlittlekidsoftenappreciatemodernpaintingswaybetterthananyoneelse.他們比大人能觀察到更多。Theynoticemuchmorethanadultsdo.Jack的妹妹Rose就是一個好的例子。Jack’ssisterRoseisagoodexample.盡管她才7歲，她常常告訴Jack他的畫到底好看還是不好看。Thoughsheisonlysevenyearsold,shealwaystellsJackwhetherhispictureslookgoodornot.有一天，她走進Jack的房間，看見Jack正在把他的新畫掛在墻上。Oneday,sheenteredJack’sroomandsawJackhanginghisnewpictureonthewall.Jack對自己的新作品很自豪，于是他問Rose是否喜歡這幅畫。Jackwasproudofhisnewwork,andheaskedRosewhethershelikeditornot.Rose是怎么回答她哥哥的呢？HowdidRoseanswerherbrother?她很挑剔地看了一會兒，然后對Jack說，畫挺好看的，只不過好像掛倒了。ShelookedatitcriticallyforamomentandtoldJackthepicturelookedgoodbutitseemedtobeupsidedown.當Jack發(fā)現(xiàn)的確如此，他忍不住笑了。WhenJackfoundoutitwastrue,hecouldn’thelplaughing.的確，所有的孩子都是天生的藝術家。Indeed,allchildrenarebornartists.全英文轉(zhuǎn)述Whenitcomestoartappreciation,myfriendJackhasaninterestingpoint.Jackisanartstudentandpaintsalotofpictures.Hebelievesthatmostpeopleactuallydon’tunderstandhowtoappreciatemodernart.Manyofthempretendtoknowwhatapictureisaboutorwhatapicturemeans.Buttheirmindsmaybetoocomplicated.Infact,manypicturesarenot“about”anything,theyaresimplyprettypatterns.Peoplelikethemjustaswelikeprettycurtainmaterialorbeautifulflowers.Inotherwords,welikeapicturenotbecauseithasacertain“meaning”orservesasa“purpose”.loveitbecauseitisbeautiful.Jackalsoarguesthatlittlekidsoftenappreciatemodernpaintingswaybetterthananyoneelse.Theynoticemuchmorethanadultsdo.Jack’ssisterRoseisagoodexample.Thoughsheisonlysevenyearsold,shealwaystellsJackwhetherhispictureslookgoodornot.Oneday,sheenteredJack’sroomandsawJackhanginghisnewpictureonthewall.Jackwasproudofhisnewwork,andheaskedRosewhethershelikeditornot.HowdidRoseanswerherbrother?ShelookedatitcriticallyforamomentandtoldJackthepicturelookedgoodbutitseemedtobeupsidedown.WhenJackfoundoutitwastrue,hecouldn’thelplaughing.Indeed,allchildrenarebornartists.點評：“所有的孩子都是天生藝術家”，但為啥我們扼殺了創(chuàng)造力？Picassosaid:“allchildrenarebornartists.Theproblemistoremainanartistaswegro