Unit2Growingpainsperiod4~5教學設計整體設計教材分析Inthispart,thestudentsarerequiredtofocusonthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Somespecificexamplesrelatedtogrammar,vocabularyandspellingarelistedandpresentedtostudents.Studentsarerequiredtoidentifyandlearnaboutthedifferentexpressions.Theyareexpectedtonotonlyexpandtheirpriorknowledgebutalsoapplyitpractically.Studentsareaskedtoexplainwhatacolloquialismisandhowitisused.Ifpossible,studentscanlistasmanycolloquialismsaspossible.三維目標Knowledgeaims:1.ToletstudentsgetfamiliarwiththedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2.Toknowasmanycolloquialismsaspossible.3.Tohelpstudentsenlargetheirvocabulary,especiallythoserelatedtothetopics.Abilityaims:1.ToenablestudentstolearnsomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2.Toenablestudentstolearnsomecolloquialisms.3.TohelpstudentslearnhowtousecolloquialismsinspokenEnglish.4.Todeveloptheabilityofunderstandingwordsincontext.5.Tolearnaboutsomecolloquialismsandtheirorigins.Emotionalaims:1.Tolearntobecooperativeandhelpfulwhenworkingtogether.2.TohelpstudentslearnhowtokeepconsistentinEnglishusage.重點難點1.Toattractstudents’attentiontocolloquialisms.2.TotellAmericanEnglishfromBritishEnglish.3.Togetstudentstounderstandwhatacolloquialismisandhowitisused.教學方法1.Discussioninpairsoringroups.2.Explanationandpractice教具準備Ataperecorderandthemultimedia.課前準備1.Encouragethestudentstopreparethefollowingtopics.Itisbestforallofthemtomakepreparationsfirst,eitherbysearchingforinformationontheInternetorlookingthroughbackgroundinformationinsomebooksandsoon.TheycanalsobedividedintoseveralgroupstogetsomeinformationaboutthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishandsomespecificexamplesrelatedtogrammar,vocabularyandspelling.Studentsareencouragedtofocusontheexampleslistedintheirbooksandletthemdistinguishthesedifferencesfirst.2.EncouragestudentstocollectasmanycolloquialismsaspossibleeitherbysearchingforinformationontheInternetorlookingupsomephrasesinthedictionaries.Askstudentstofocusontheexampleslistedintheirbooksandlookupthemeaningofeachphrase.教學過程→Step1Lead-in1.Askastudenttowritethefollowingwordsfromthetextontheblackboard._____________Englishvacationsoccertrashcangarbagelivingroombehavior2.Askthestudentstofocusonthespellingandmeaningofeachwordanddiscussthequestion“IstheplaywritteninAmericanEnglishorBritishEnglish?”Atthesametime,studentsareaskedtofocusonthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishbycheckingoutthedictationontheblackboard.Meanwhile,writedowntheBritishEnglishofeachword.AmericanEnglishBritishEnglishvacationholidaysoccerfootballtrashcandustbingarbagerubbishlivingroomsittingroombehaviorbehaviour→Step2AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish1.AskSstotalkaboutthequestion“InwhichaspectdoesAmericanEnglishdifferfromBritishEnglishfromtheexamplesabove?”Sampleanswer:invocabularyandspelling2.Letthestudentsreadthefollowingdialogueandfindout“IsitinAmericanEnglishorBritishEnglish?”SamwentbacktoLondontogoonwithhisstudyinCMHS.HemetDavidontheschoolcampus.Sam:HiDavid.Howareyou?David:Fine,haveyoujustgonebackfromNewYork?Sam:Yeah,IwentbackherelastMonday.David:Howisyoursummerholiday,Sam?Sam:Excellent,duringmysummervacationIjoinedasoccerballclubandIcanplayitbetternow.David:Good!Ialsopracticedplayingfootballthissummertoo.Sam:OK.Pleasecallmeat33543165ifthestudents’unionorganizesasoccerballmatch.David:Goodidea!Youmaycallmeon25682275.Sam:Seeyou!David:Goodbye!Sampleanswer:SamspeaksAmericanEnglishwhileDavidspeaksBritishEnglish.3.AskSstoanswerthefollowingquestion“DoesAmericanEnglishdifferfromBritishEnglishinotheraspects,likepronunciationandgrammar?Encouragethemtodemonstratesomeexamples.DifferencesExamplespronunciationgrammarspellingvocabularySomeexamples:VocabularyAmericanEnglishBritishEnglishgaspetrolbaggageluggagemailpoststairwaystaircaseSpellingAmericanEnglishBritishEnglishcolorcolourfavorfavourcentercentretravelingtravellingPronunciationGrammarAmericanEnglishBritishEnglishShehasaninterestingbook.Shehasgotaninterestingbook.4.AskSstousetheinformationonpage26andpracticethedialogueonpage26.T:Finishtheexercisesonpage26individuallyfirstandthenpracticethedialoguewithyourpartners.Sampleanswer:1)isthat2)centre3)fitted4)toilet5)programme6)colour7)She’sjustgonehome.8)on→Step3Consolidation1.Askstudentstocomparewhattheyalreadyknowwiththeseexampleslistedandencouragethemtokeeptheminmind.2.Ifpossible,youcanaskstudentstosummarizeallthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.→Step4Discussion1.Askthestudentstodiscussthefollowingquestions:1)Asweallknow,theaccentsinAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharepartlydifferent，whichdoyouprefer,AmericanEnglishorBritishEnglish?2)Doyouthinkithelpfultoknowaboutthesedifferences?→Step5Colloquialisms1.Divertstudents’attentiontocolloquialismsandexplaintostudentswhatacolloquialismisandhowitisused.Whatisacolloquialism?Howisitused?Sampleanswer:AcolloquialismisaninformalexpressionusedinspokenEnglish.ColloquialismsareneverusedinformalEnglishorinwriting,butareoftenusedinconversation.2.Studentsarerequiredtolistsomecolloquialismstheyhavealreadyknown.3.Theteacherpresentssentenceswithcolloquialismstoletstudentsguessthemeaningofcolloquialismsandtheirorigin.Someexamples:A.Iknowyouarebusy,butcouldyoujustlendmeanearforaminute?Meaning:tolistenandpayattentiontoOrigin:InWilliamShakespeare’stime,around1600,itwasacommonwayofaskingthatyoulistentoapersonspeaking.Shakespeareusedthisexpressioninhisplay“JuliusCaesar”.B.Ifwedon’twinthisbasketballgamebyatleasttwentypoints,Iwilleatmyhat.Meaning:asayingusedwhenyouare100percentcertainthatsomethingwillhappenOrigin:Manygreatwriters,includingCharlesDickens,havethisexpression.4.AskstudentstofocusonPartAandhavethemfinishtheexerciseindividuallyfirst.Thenconductafeedbackactivity.Aftertheyfinishit,checktheanswerstogether.Meaningsandoriginsofsomecolloquialismsmentionedinthetext:ano-brainerMeaning:somethingeasytounderstandawetblanketMeaning:apersonwhospoilsotherpeople’sfunbybeingboringOrigin:Thisisanearly19th-centuryexpression.NativeAmericansandothersoftenputouttheircampfireswithblanketstheyhaddippedinthenearestriver.Iffirerepresentsexcitementandjoy,thenthewetblanketthatputsoutthefirestandsforapersonwhoalwaysexpectsbadthingswillhappen.allearsMeaning:eagertolisten;listeningattentivelyandcarefullyOrigin:Thisexpressionisthreecenturiesold.Theearistheorganbywhichapersonhears.So,ifwesayyouareallears,itmeansthatatthatmomentyou’recarefullylisteningtowhateverisbeingsaid.Itisasifnootherorgansofyourbodymatteredexceptyourears.pullmylegMeaning:tofoolsomeone;tojokewithsomeoneOrigin:Bythelate1800speoplesometimestrippedotherpeoplebycatchingtheirlegswithacaneorrunningastringacrossthesidewalk.Sometimesitwasjustforfun;atothertimesrobbersdidittostealfromthevictimafterheorshehadfallen.5.Letthemworkinpairstomakeconversationsinwhichthesecolloquialismscanbeused.Sampleconversations:1)A:Jin,canyouexplainthissentencetome?Idon’tknowwhatitmeans.B:Sure.It’sano-brainer.2)A:(Onateenagerparty)IamafraidIhavetogo.MymomwillbeangryifIstaylate.B:Don’tbeawetblanket.It’sstillearly.3)A:Youdon’tseemhigh.What’sup?B:Iamintrouble.I...I...A:Comeon,tellme.I’mallears.4)A:ItissaidthatwewillhavenoexamthisFriday.That’sfantastic!B:Areyousure?Don’tpullmyleg.6.AskstudentstocontinuewithPartB,astherearemorecolloquialisms.Encouragestudentstothinkoveranddiscusswitheachotherfirst.Ifstudentsstillcan’tworkoutthemeanings,askthemtoconsultthedictionary.Sampleanswers:1)Sheisgoodatgardening.2)Heisveryclumsy.3)Thatislikecriticizingsomeoneelseforafaultyouhaveyourself.4)Itisrainingheavily.5)Don’texaggeratesomething.→Step6ExercisesInordertoencouragestudentstobeinvolvedinthisactivity,teachersareadvisedtogivestudentsenoughtimetodiscusswiththeirgroupmembersfully.Duringpracticingit,teachersarealsoadvisedtoorganizeacompetitiontoarousestudents’interest.Fillintheblanksbyusingthefollowingcolloquialisms.lendmeaneareatmyhatano-brainerawetblanketpullmyleggreenfingersraincatsanddogsgreenhandmakeamountainoutofamolehillasquietasamouse1.Kate,don’tbe__________________attheparty.Let’sdancetogether.2.Alice:Canyoutellmewhatthissentencemeans?Tim:Thisone?Oh,itis____________________.Icantellyou.3.Jim,whenIexplainthelanguagepoints,youshould_________________.4.Robisalwayslateforschool.Ifhecanarriveatschoolontimetoday,Iwill______________.5.Mum:Oh,yougotwetallover.Howisit,Daniel?Daniel:Mum,don’tyouknowit_________________onmywayhome?6.Bob:Hey!Ellen,yougotanAforyourhistoryexam.Ellen:Don’t_________________.Areyouserious?7.LookatMr.Smith’sgarden.Hehas_____________.8.Boss:Whoisthatdullboy?Heevendoesn’tknowwherehisofficeis.Manager:Thisishisfirstdayhere.Heisa________________.9.Eric:ShallIstayinhospitalforseveraldays?Doctor:Don’t_____________.Youjustgotafever.10.Teacher:Boysandgirls,whenyouarereadinginthereadingroom,youshouldremain________________.Areyouclear?Students:Yes.Sampleanswers:1.awetblanket2.ano-brainer3.lendmeanear4.eatmyhat5.rainedcatsanddogs6.pullmyleg7.greenfingers8.greenhand9.makeamountainoutofamolehill10.asquietasamouse→Step7Languagepoints1.AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishdifferinmanysmallways.differvi.與……不同,相異BritishEnglishdiffersfromAmericanEnglishinspellingandpronunciation.英式英語在拼寫和發(fā)音上和美式英語不同。Ouropinionsdiffergreatlyfromeachother’sonthatpoint.我們的意見在那方面有很大的出入。Hediffersfromhisbrothersinlooks.他的長相和幾個兄弟不同。Thatiswherewediffer.那就是我們意見不合的地方。Shealwaysdiffersfrommeabouthowtospendthevacation.有關如何度假一事,她和我的意見總是不合。2.Thatskirtfitsbadly.那條裙子不合適。1)fit用作動詞,主要指尺寸、形狀方面的“適合”。如:Thecoatdoesn’tfitme.It’stoolarge.這件外套不適合我,它太大了。Theseshoesfitperfectly.這鞋子穿著很合適。Thejacketfittedmeprettywellbutthetrousersweretoosmall.這件夾克很合我的身,只是褲子太小了。Icannevergetclothestofitme.我總也買不到合身的衣服。Thekeydoesn’tfitthelock.這把鑰匙打不開這把鎖。2)fit用作動詞,還可表示“相符，相協(xié)調”。如:Allthefactscertainlyfitwhatyousaid.所有事實都與你所說的相符。Somethingdoesn’tquitefithere.這里有些不太協(xié)調。Marydoesn’tseemtofitinwithotherchildren.瑪麗好像與別的孩子處不好。Theliftwassosmallthatonlythreepeoplecouldfitin.電梯很小,只能容納三個人。Tomfitsinperfectlyatthefootballclub.湯姆在足球俱樂部混得很好。Hisknowledgefittedhimforthejob／todothejob.他有知識,能勝任這個工作。3)fit作形容詞,表示“適合的，適宜的”,常作表語,用于befitforsth.／befit(forsb.)todo...結構中。如:Idon’tthinkTomisfitforthejob.我認為湯姆不適合這個工作。Areyoureallyfitfortheroleofmanager?你真的能勝任經理的角色嗎?Thefoodwentbad,soitwasnotfitforustoeat.食物變質了,因此不適合吃了。Sheisnotfittolookafterchildren.她不適合照顧孩子。4)fit用作名詞,表示“(衣服)合身”,通常有形容詞修飾;也可表示“事物之間相互協(xié)調”。如:Yourcoatwasagoodfit.你的大衣很合身。Yourjacketisabeautifulfit.你的夾克衫真合身?！咀ⅰ縡it,suit,match,gowith的區(qū)別:(1)suit表示“合身”時,一般指款式、顏色合身;另外還可以表示“發(fā)型適合某人”。如:Redsuitsyou.紅色適合你。Thatcolordoesn’tsuityourcomplexion.那顏色不適合你的膚色。Itdoesn’tsuityoutohaveyourhaircutshort.你不適合剪短發(fā)。(2)match作動詞,可以表示“與……相配”。一般指事物之間樣式、顏色相配,此外match還可以表示“與某人相匹敵、相當”。如:Thetiematchesyoursuitwell.這個領帶很配你的西裝。Trytomatchthewordwiththecorrectmeaning.設法給單詞配上正確的詞義。Herclothesdon’tmatchherage.她的服裝和她的年齡不配。Wemustfindcarpetsthat’llmatchthecurtains.我們必須找到可以和這些窗簾搭配的地毯。Noonecanmatchherinknowledgeofclassicalmusic.在古典音樂的知識方面沒有人能和她相匹敵。Noonecanmatchheratchess.下國際象棋誰也比不上她。In2003,thenumberofoverweightpeopleintheworldrosetomatchthenumberofthestarvingpeople.2003年世界上超重人口與挨餓人口在數(shù)量上相當。(3)gowith是動詞短語,意為“與……相配/相配套”“同時存在”,可與match互換。如:Thetapedoesn’tgowiththisEnglishbook.這盒磁帶和這本英語書不配套。Herblousedoesn’tgowithherskirt.她的襯衫和裙子不協(xié)調。Diseaseoftengoeswithpoverty.疾病與貧窮常相伴而生。3.complainv.抱怨,發(fā)牢騷,訴說(病痛等);(正式地)控訴,投訴complaintosb.about/ofsth.向某人抱怨或投訴某事plaintn.抱怨,投訴Hecomplainedtomeaboutherbadmanners.他向我抱怨她沒禮貌。Youhavenothingtocomplainof,doyou?你沒什么可抱怨的,是嗎?Wecomplainedtothepoliceaboutthenoisefromthebar.酒吧間的噪音太大,我們向警方投了訴。Hecomplainedtothewaiterthathismealwascold.他向服務員抱怨說飯菜是涼的。4.Theygavemeanumbertophonethemanageron,soIcalledwhenIgothome.她們給了我經理的電話號碼,因此我到家后就打了電話。1)call作動詞,意為“給(某人)打電話”。如:I’llcallyouagainlater.我稍后再給你打電話。2)callup意為“給某人打電話”“想起”“回憶某事”。如:Iwillcallyouuptonight.今天晚上我將打電話給你。Thesoundofhappylaughtercalledupmemoriesofhischildhood.這歡笑聲使他回憶起童年時代的情景。3)callfor意為“需要”“要求”“去找某人”“來取某物”。如:Thepresentsituationcallsforanimmediateaction.當前的形式要求立即采取措施。Thisinvitationdoesnotcallforananswer.這張請?zhí)灰蟠饛?。Successcallsformuchhardwork.成功需要大量艱苦的工作。Thewomancalledforroadsidehelpwhenhercarbrokedown.當那位婦女的車拋錨的時候,她請求過路人幫助。Theareacallsforasupplyofwater.這個地區(qū)需要水的供給。I’llcallforyouatsixo’clockandwe’llgotothecinematogether.我6點來邀你一起去看電影。Shallwesendthegoods,orwillyoucallforthem?是我們把貨送過去,還是你們來取?4)callin意為“召集(尤其是指召集處理緊急或困難形勢)”“下令收回”。如:Alotoffirefighterswerecalledintohelpcontrolandpreventthespreadoffire.很多消防人員被召集去控制和防止大火的蔓延。Thepolicehavebeencalledintohelpfindthemissinggirl.警察被召集來幫助尋找失蹤的孩子。5)callonsb.表示“拜訪某人”。如:IthoughtIwouldcallonMr.Zhangonthewayhome.我想在回家的路上去拜訪張先生。Mr.Smithsaidthathewouldcallonmetomorrow.史密斯先生說他將在明天來看我。【注】“拜訪／訪問(某地)”要用callataplace,如:I’dlikeyoutocallatmyuncle’sonSunday.我想要你星期天去我叔叔家。WecalledatJohn’shouseyesterday.昨天我們去了約翰家。Icalledatthebanktotransfersomemoney.我去銀行兌了點錢。6)callon／uponsb.todo...意為“懇求某人做……”“號召某人做……”。如:Wearecallingonyoutohelpus.我懇請你幫助我們。Inowcalluponthechairmantoaddressthemeeting.現(xiàn)在請主席致辭。7)callout意為“大聲說”“給……下令罷工”“(尤指一伙人)出動”。如:Calloutthenumberssothatwecanhearthemattheback.大聲地說一下數(shù)字,以便我們在后面能聽到。Minerswerecalledoutbyunionleaders.礦工遵照工會領袖的指示舉行罷工。5.Istillwishwecouldgoandseeafilmtomorrowthough!不過我仍然希望我們明天能去看電影。1)“wish+that從句”表示無法實現(xiàn)的愿望,從句須用虛擬語氣。表示現(xiàn)在無法實現(xiàn)的愿望,從句謂語用一般過去時。Iwishthatitweremorning.我真希望現(xiàn)在是早晨。(若系動詞是be,皆可使用were)IwishthatIwereabird.我真希望我是一只鳥。IwishIwereasrichashe.但愿我和他那樣有錢。HowIwishIboughtahouselikethat.假如我能買一棟那樣的房子該多好!表示將來無法實現(xiàn)的愿望,從句謂語用would/could/should+v.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。IwishIwouldflytothemoonsomedayinthefuture.但愿將來某一天我能飛往月球。表示與過去事實相反的愿望,從句謂語用haddone。Iwishshehadnotleft.我真希望他沒離開。IwishedIhadtriedmanythingsatcollege.我在讀大學時,若能多嘗試一些事就好了。2)(辨析)hope,wishhope“希望”，后接從句時,表達的是可以實現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中不用虛擬語氣。hope與wish后皆可接不定式,即:hope/wishtodosth.wish可用于wishsb.todosth.結構,而hope則不可。wish表示良好的“祝愿”,用于“wishsb.+名詞或形容詞”結構,而hope則不可。Ihopeyoucanhelpme.我希望你能幫我。Ihope/wishtoseeyouagain.我希望再次見到你。Iwishhimtopasstheexam.我希望他通過考試。IwishyouahappyNewYear.祝你新年愉快。Wewishyougoodluck.=Wewishgoodlucktoyou.祝你好運!→Step8SummaryInthisclass,wehavetalkedaboutthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.FromthisclassweknowthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishaswellassomespecificexamplesrelatedtogrammar,vocabularyandspelling.Youhaveknownwhatacolloquialismisandhowitisused,soafterclass,pleaselistasmanycolloquialismsaspossibleandkeeptheexamplesofAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishinyourmind.→Step9Homework1.KeeptheexamplesofAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishintheirmind.2.Findmorecolloquialismsiftheylike.3.Revisetheplayandfindthesentenceswithattributiveclauses.板書設計AmericanEnglishBritishEnglishvacationholidaysoccerfootballtrashcandustbingarbagerubbishlivingroomsittingroombehaviorbehaviourDifferencesExamplespronunciationgrammarspellingvocabularyVocabularyAmericanEnglishBritishEnglishgaspetrolbaggageluggagemailpoststairwaystaircaseSpellingAmericanEnglishBritishEnglishcolorcolourfavorfavourcentercentretravelingtravellingPronunciationGrammarAmericanEnglishBritishEnglishShehasaninterestingbook.Shehasgotaninterestingbo