2019年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀模擬題：臉部寬的人具有侵略性AggressivePeopleHaveWiderFacesAggressivepeopleareeasytospotbecausetheyhaveinstantlyrecognizablewidefaces,researchersclaim.Justaquickglancealsomeone'sfacialstructuremaybeenoughtopredicttheirtendencytowardsaggression,accordingtoastudypublishedinthePsychologicalSciencejournal.Facialwidth-to-heightratio(WHR)isdeterminedbymeasuringthedistancebetweentherightandleftcheeksandthedistancefromtheupperliptothemid-brow.PsychologistsfromBrockUniversitytotheUSAdecidedtofollowuppreviousresearchthatsuggestedmaleswithalargefacialWHRactmoreaggressivelythanthosewithnarrowerfeatures.Inthestudy,volunteersviewedphotosoffacesofmenwhohadpreviouslyhadtheiraggressivebehaviouranalysed.Theparticipantsthenratedhowaggressivetheythoughteachpersonwasonascaleofonetoseven,afterviewingeachfaceforeither2000millisecondsor39milliseconds.Theresultsrevealedtheparticipants'estimatesofaggressioncorrelatedhighlywiththeactualaggressivebehaviourofthemen-eveniftheyonlysawthepictureforasplitsecond.Andthevolunteers'estimatesalsomatchedwiththeWHRofthefacesthewidertheface,thehighertheaggressiverating.Thepsychologistsconcludedthatsubtledifferencesinfaceshapemayaffectpersonalityjudgements,whichinturn,guidehowpeoplerespondtoothers.Duringchildhood,boysandgirlshavesimilarfacialstructures,butduringpuberty,malesdevelopwiderfeaturesthanfemales.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatmaleswithwiderfacesactmoreaggressively-withstudiesshowingthathockeyplayerswithbroadfeaturesearnmorepenaltyminutespergamethanotherplayers.臉部較寬的人更具侵略性研究人員日前稱(chēng)，具有攻擊性的人很容易被認(rèn)出，因?yàn)樗麄冮L(zhǎng)著“一眼即可看出”的寬臉盤(pán)。一項(xiàng)發(fā)表于《心理科學(xué)》期刊的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，（當(dāng)某人站在你面前時(shí)），只需迅速看一跟他的面部結(jié)構(gòu)，可能就足以判斷他的攻擊性。臉部的寬高比（WHR）是通過(guò)測(cè)量左右臉頰之間的距離和上嘴唇到眉中的距離得出的。此前有研究表明，臉部寬高比值較大的男性比臉窄的男性更具侵略性。美國(guó)布魯克大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家決定對(duì)此展開(kāi)進(jìn)一步研究。研究人員讓志愿者們?yōu)g覽了不同男性的臉部照片。之前研究人員己對(duì)這些男性的攻擊性行為實(shí)行了分析。之后，志愿者們根據(jù)自己的感覺(jué)，對(duì)每個(gè)男性的進(jìn)攻性按一分至七分實(shí)行評(píng)級(jí)。他們?yōu)g覽每張照片的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)則兩秒，短則0.039秒。研究結(jié)果表明，志愿者們對(duì)這些男性進(jìn)攻性的估計(jì)與實(shí)際情況的相符度很高一一即使他們只看了一眼照片。而志愿者對(duì)男性進(jìn)攻性的估計(jì)與臉部的寬高比也相符。臉部越寬，進(jìn)攻性評(píng)級(jí)越高。心理學(xué)家總結(jié)稱(chēng)，臉型的細(xì)微差別可能會(huì)影響個(gè)性判斷，從而引導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)付他人。在兒童時(shí)期，男孩和女孩的臉部結(jié)構(gòu)相似。但到了青春期，男性的臉部開(kāi)始變得更寬。此前研究表明，面部較寬的男性進(jìn)攻性更強(qiáng)。有調(diào)查稱(chēng)，在曲棍球比賽中，臉部較寬的選手每場(chǎng)比賽被罰下的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于其他選手。句型講解：1.Theparticipantsthenratedhowaggressivetheythoughteachpersonwasonascaleofonetoseven,afterviewingeachfaceforeither2000millisecondsor39milliseconds.本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。其中how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作rated的賓語(yǔ)onascaleofonetoseven介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)。liseconds介詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)：名詞性從句，介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)2.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatmaleswithwider