高中英語Unit4Sharing詞匯語言點(diǎn)講解新人教版選修7workasavolunteer當(dāng)志愿者workas從事某種職業(yè)Heusedtoworkasabusdriver.makeadifference（1）有所作為Itisnotnecessarytobeagreatscientisttomakeadifference,buttherearethingswecanlearnfromthebestmindsinthisworld.（2）makea/no/some/little/muchdifference有/沒有/一些/很小/很大影響Theraindidn'tmakemuchdifferencetothegame.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetherhegoesornot.Evensmallthingscanmakeabigdifference.Exercisecanmakeabigdifference.短語：bedifferentfrom與。。不同tellthedifferencebetween說出。。的差別/不同makeadifferencebetween區(qū)分bedifferentin在。。方面不同differfrom與。。。不同Theyarenowingreatneedofhelp.Soyoursupportwillcertainlymakea__.AdealBdecisionCpointDdifferencestick（1）伸出，突出（常與out,outof或up連用）Don'tstickyourheadoutofthewindow.Hesawabranchstickingupinthewater.…水面上伸出一根樹枝。（2）粘，粘Let'sstickthisnoticeonthewall.Thesestampshavestucktogether.這幾張郵票粘在一起了。（3）固定（不同情況下有不同的議法）be/getstuckin被困在…相當(dāng)于becaughtin（4）v容忍，忍受tolerate/bear/putupwithIwon'tsickyourrudenessanylonger.（5）n棍，棒，柴awalkingstick拐杖/手杖Theoldmancan'twalkwithoutastick.Heiscollectingdrystickstomakeafire.他正在拾干柴生火。Thedoorhasstuck,andIcan'tgetout.門塞住了…血stuckastickintotheground.他在地上插了一根棍子Wherehaveyoubeen?-I__intheheavytraffic,orIwouldhavebeenhereearlier.AstuckBhadstuckChavebeenstuckDgotstuckOnceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould__it.AdirecttoBsticktoCleadtoDrefertoThetheoryhestuckto__tobetrue.AprovingBisprovedCprovesDbeingproved短語：stickto堅(jiān)持，忠于（后接n&pron）insiston堅(jiān)持（后接v-ing形式）sticktoapost堅(jiān)守崗位stickatsth不懈地做…sticktoone'sword遵守諾言Hepromisedtohelpusandhestucktohisword.sticktoprinciples堅(jiān)守原則stickaround不走開，呆在原地Stickaround;we'llneedyoutohelpuslater.stickupfor…支持，捍衛(wèi)Stickupforwhatyoubelieve.Shetaughtherchildrentostickupforthemselvesatschool.getthewrongendofthestick誤解givesbstick嚴(yán)懲某人stickwithsb繼續(xù)支持某人getthrough（1）通過（考試，測驗(yàn)等）Tomfailedbuthissistergotthrough.Allofthem;thatistosay,theyallpassedtheexam.（2）通過（議案，建議等），使通過Doyouthinkthebillwillgetthrough?你認(rèn)為議案能通過嗎？Theysucceededinthebill.到達(dá)，抵達(dá)Thousandsofrefugeeswilldieifthesesuppliesdon'tgetthrough.(難民)Istartedassoonasyourmessagetome.接通電話Irangyouseveraltimesyesterday,butcouldn'tgetthrough(toyou).(設(shè)法)做或完成Let'sstart;thereisalotofworktogetthrough/tobegotthrough.Hethebookononeevening.經(jīng)過。。。后仍然活著Theoldgotthroughtwowars.相當(dāng)于livethrough“經(jīng)歷。。(通常指不好的事情)”用完，花光Hesaidheallhismoney.通過，穿過Wemanagedtogetthroughtheforestwithhishelp.Igot_tohimandhesaidthathehadgot__theexamination.Aoff,outBthrough,throughCalong,backDaway,to相關(guān)短語：getalong過活，生活，相處，進(jìn)展getawaywith…(做了某事而不受懲罰，攜帶。。。跑掉getdown寫下，記下，下來，情緒低落getdownto。。開始認(rèn)真(做某事)其中to是介詞getintouchwith…與。。取得聯(lián)系getover克服(困難等)；淡忘；從(病，損失等)中恢復(fù)過來，痊愈getridof…擺脫，除掉，處理掉getacross(使。。)被理解，使通過gettogether聚集，相聚在一起getround傳開，繞開，說服getoff下車getin插話getabout病愈后能走動(dòng)，旅行Howareyoumanagingtodoyourworkwithoutanassistant?---Well,I__somehow.AgetalongBcomeonCwatchoutDsetoffHardlycouldhe__thisamountofworkinsuchashorttime.AgetthroughBgetoffCgetintoDgetdownThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.---Oh,dear!She__alotofdifficulties!AmaygothroughBmightgothroughCoughttohavegonethroughDmusthavegonethroughTherewerealotofpeoplestandingatthedoorandthesmallgirlcouldn'tget_.AbetweenBthroughCacrossDbeyondwhether與if：辻用在條件狀語從句中意為“如果”Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgotothepark.if用在賓語從句中時(shí)可與whether互換Wedon'tknowif/whetherhecancome.但在下列情況下必須用whether:正式文體中，句中有ornot時(shí)。Iwonderwhetheritisbigenoughornot.引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時(shí)。Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Thequestioniswhetherhecancomeontime.Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsonsituation作介詞賓語時(shí)。Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI'llgobackhome.（4）與不定式連用時(shí)。Shehasn'tdecidedwhethertogoornot（5）作discuss等詞的賓語時(shí)Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.Wehaven'tsettledtheproblem__itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.AifBwhereCwhetherDthatcall組成的詞組：callsbup打電話，征召（服役），callsthup使回憶起，使想起callonsb拜訪某人callat停泊，?？浚车兀ヽallon號召callfor需要，要求callforsb去接…callsbin召來，叫來（服務(wù)）tocallinadoctor/thepolice請醫(yī)生/叫警察callsthin下令收回，要求退回callback回電話，召喚某人回來hearfrom“收到…的來信”后接的賓語是（發(fā)信）人。IheardfrommysisterinNewYorkyesterday.hearof/hearabout…聽說…h(huán)earsbdosth聽見某人做過某事hearsbdoingsth聽見某人正在做某事類似用法：writetosb或writesbaletter或writealettertosb給某人寫信（收信人）Don'tforgettowritetome.Howoftendoyouhear__yourmother?-Onceamonth.I'mexpectingherlettereveryday.AofBaboutCfromD/bedyingtodo=beeagertodo極想/渴望/迫切想要做bedyingforsth=beeagerforsth迫切想要某物lookforwardtosth或lookforwardtodoingsth盼望/期待（做）某事diewish遺言/矚I'mdyingforsomethingtoeat.Sheisdyingtoknowwhereyou'vebeen.相關(guān)短語：diefor為…而死dieaway（聲音等）逐漸消失Thesoundoftheirlaughterdiedaway.diedown（火焰等）逐漸減弱Theflamesfinallydieddown.火焰越來越小，最后熄滅了。dieoff相繼死去dieout滅絕，絕種Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.dieof因…而死（原因多來自內(nèi)部，如情感、饑餓、寒冷、疾病等）Theoldmandiedofcancer.diefrom由于…而死（原因常來自外部）Hediedfromawound.他受傷而死。death（n）死，死亡dead（adj）死的，無生命的廠adj致命的，致死的，adeadlyweapon/diseasedeadlypoison劇毒adj極度的，徹底的Wesatindeadlysilence.deadlyadj枯燥的，令人厭煩的Thelecturewasabsolutelydeadly.這演講簡直無聊透了。adv極其，非常deadlyserious/dull極其嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真/乏味deadlypale/cold死一般地蒼白，冷得要死Ittake（s）/took/willtakesbsometimetodosth（1）干某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間Itwilltakeyoumuchtimetoachieveyouraimofgoingtoschool.Itusuallytakesme20minutestogohome.（2）該結(jié)構(gòu)也可表示花費(fèi)勞動(dòng)力干某事IttooktheOldEgyptiansmuchlaborforcetofinishthePyramid.（3）表示花費(fèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：①sbspendtime/moneyonsth/（in）doingsth某人花錢/時(shí)間干某事(doing)sthcost(sb)somemoney//代價(jià)“(干)某事花費(fèi)某人錢/代價(jià)”事/物做主語Hiscarelessdrivingcosthimhislife.Therepairscostalot,butit'smoneywellspent.chargesbsomemoneyfor(doing)sth因…而向某人要價(jià)Hechargedme5yuanforrepairingmybike.pay(money)forsb/sth為…而付錢Ipaid3dollarsforthebook.upto:beuptosth=bebusydoingst忙于某事/從事某事It'suptosbtodosth由某人負(fù)責(zé)做某事beupto二befitfor勝任(常用于否定句和疑問句中)What'sup?怎么了/發(fā)生什么事了？It's(all)uptoyou.由你決定upto二uptill/until直至到^uptonow二sofar到目前為止uptodate最新的，現(xiàn)代的uptotheminute最新/近的多達(dá)，高達(dá)Hecanearnupto$50,000ayear.(asmuchas)一直至Shelivedathomerightuptoshegotmarried.⑶勝任(befitfor)I'mnotsureifsheisreallyuptothatjob.由…負(fù)責(zé)It'suptohertodecidewhetherornottogoonthecourse.忙于，從事于FatherwantstoknowwhatIhavebeenup.Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.---__.Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.A.ItjustdependsB.It'suptoyouC.AllrightC.Gladtohearthat.__,Jack?Youlookpale.---Ifelloffmybikeandhurtmylegs.A.What'sgoingonBWhat'supCWhatdidyoudoDWhathaveyoudonecomeacross該詞不用與被動(dòng)語態(tài)“偶然遇見或發(fā)現(xiàn)”近義詞有runacross,runinto,meetwith,meet…bychance,happentomeet,chancetomeetI'vejustcomeacrossanoldfriendIhaven'tseenforyears.Shecameacrossaformerteacheronherwayhome.穿過，走過Hecameacrossthehallintoaroom.他穿過大廳進(jìn)入一個(gè)房間。被理解，被傳達(dá)Hespokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidnotreallycomeacross.短語：①comeabout“發(fā)生”一般與how連用②comeout出版，開花，出來Whenishernewnovelcomingout?③cometoanend結(jié)束④cometosb被想出Theideacametoneinthebath.⑤comeupwith提出，想出⑥comeup被提出，長出地面，走進(jìn)⑦cometoaconclusion/decision得出結(jié)論/做出決定⑧comeintoeffect/force/use生效/開始使用⑨cometosth總計(jì)，談到⑩comebacktosb恢復(fù)記憶，回想起It'eover過來Haveyou__somenewideas?Yeah.I'lltellyoulater.AcomeaboutBconeintoCcomeupwithDcomeupWhatmakeshersofrightened?-Oh,itisthemousethatshe_onherbedwhilelookingforherwatch.AcameaboutBcameacrossCcamethroughDcameupIforgettobringmyumbrella.--__.Mineisbigenoughfortwo.A.GoaheadB.GobackC.ComeoverDComeinThedictionaryisbeingprintedanditwillsoon__.AturnoutBcomeoutCstartoutDgooutIt'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowit__thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.AcameoverBcameoutCcameaboutDcameupadapt(oneself)to適應(yīng)于Sheadapted(herself)quicklytothenewclimate.adaptadaptsthtosth使…適應(yīng)Hecouldnotadapthiswayoflifetothecompany.adaptsth(forsth/sb)修改…It'shardtoadapthisstoryforchildren'sfilm.adaptsthforsthfromsth根據(jù)…改編成-^ThisnovelhasbeenadaptedforradiofromtheRussianoriginal.privilege特權(quán)，優(yōu)惠①enjoyprivileges享受特權(quán)②havetheprivilegeof…有…特權(quán)③asaspecialprivilege作為特別許可④byspecialprivilege根據(jù)特權(quán)wonder(1)v想知道，想弄明白，琢磨Iwonderwhosheis.Iwasjustbeginningtowonderwhereyouwere.正琢磨禮貌地提問或請人做事時(shí)說Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.Iwaswonderingwhetheryou'dliketocometoaparty.wonderatsth感到詫異，非常驚訝Shewonderedatherownstupidity.她沒想到自己竟會這樣愚蠢。n驚奇，驚嘆，驚訝Shegazeddowninwonderatthecityspreadbelowher.她俯視展現(xiàn)在眼前的城市，驚嘆不已。n奇觀，奇跡，奇事，奇妙之處TheGrandCanyonisoneofthenaturalwondersoftheworld.科羅拉多大峽谷…能人，奇才，有特效的東西Jim,you'reawonder!Iwouldneverhavethoughtofdoingthat.我從來想不到該那樣做。It'sawonder(that)…令人驚奇的是…，莫名其妙的是…It'sawonderthatmorpeopleweren'thurt.(It's)little/small/nowonder(that)…難怪…，不足為奇，并不奇怪Itislittlewonder(that)shewasupset.Nowonderyou'retired,youhavebeenwalkingforhours.難怪你累了，你一直走了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。possession“有，所有，擁有，占有”其復(fù)數(shù)形式possessions“財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)富”takepossessionof擁有，占有，占領(lǐng)havepossessionofsth占有/擁有某物getpossessionof拿到，占有，占領(lǐng)inpossessionof占有某物inone'spossession=inthepossessionofsb某物為某人所占有/持有Hispossessionofknowledgemadehimrich.Heisamanofgreatpossessions.(富人)Afterthewarhelostallhispossessions.Howdidyougetpossessionofit?（得至U）Heissaidtobeinpossessionof…Theirlandwastakenpossession__bysomewhitepeopleandtheyreasoned__them.（reasonwith規(guī)勸，和某人講道理）Aof,withBwith,withCto,toDof,aboutrelevant有關(guān)的，切題的relevanttosb/sthHisnationalityisn'trelevanttowhetherhe'sagoodlawyer.（國籍）Hiswordsaren'trelevanttowhatweshoulddiscuss.We'dbetterpayattentiontotherelevantdetails.相關(guān)短語：berelevantto與…有關(guān)beirrelevantto與…無關(guān)relevance（n）關(guān)聯(lián)，切題haverelevanceto和…有關(guān)beconnectedwith與…有關(guān)berelatedto與…有關(guān)relateto與…有關(guān)belinkedto/with與…有關(guān)beinvolvedin與…有牽連/關(guān)系Topicsofcompositionshouldbe_totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.AconcernedBdependentCconnectingDrelevantadjust（v）整理，調(diào)整，適應(yīng)adjustto。。（to為介詞）適應(yīng)。。adjuststh/oneselftosth使。。適應(yīng)。。Ittookherawhiletoadjusttolivingaloneafterthedivorce.（單身生活）Ittookseveralsecondsforhiseyestoadjusttothedark.You'llquicklyadjustyourselftostudentlife.adjustable（adj）可調(diào)整的adjustment（n）調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整makeanadjustment作出調(diào)整相關(guān)短語：adaptto適應(yīng)。。（to為介詞）adaptsth/oneselfto使。。適應(yīng)；優(yōu)待，榮幸Shecarefullyadjustedherclothesandherhairbeforegoingout.Someanimalsadjustthemselvestotheirenvironmentbyinstinct.Youcan'tseethroughthetelescopeuntilyouadjustittoyoureyes.Mycameracanbeadjustedtotakepicturesincloudyandsunnyconditions.Thedesksandchairscanbeadjustedtotheheightofanychild.Hehadbecomebetteradjustedtotherollingoftheship.prepare（v）準(zhǔn)備preparesth準(zhǔn)備某物prepareforsth為…做準(zhǔn)備preparesbforsth使某人為為某事做好準(zhǔn)備get/bepreparedtodosth…為。。做準(zhǔn)備bewellpreparedforsth為。。。做好準(zhǔn)備makepreparationsfor…為。。。做準(zhǔn)備inpreparation在準(zhǔn)備中Motherispreparingsupperandwearepreparingforsupper.Pleasepreparethetablefordinner.Heispreparinghimselfforthecomingexamination.Youmustbewellpreparedfortheworst.你必須對最壞的情況有思想準(zhǔn)備。Theteachersarepreparingthepapersandtheyarepreparingfortheexams.What'sthatterriblenoise?-Theneighbors__foraparty.AhavepreparedBarepreparingCprepareDwillprepareThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,__alongspeechforthepresident.AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing__alongspeechforthepresidentthesecretaryhadtoworkedlateintothenight.AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparingsoft（adj）柔軟的，柔和的，細(xì)膩的，不嚴(yán)厲的，同情的，腦子發(fā)昏的，不夠勇敢的softness(n)softly(adv)besoftonsth對某事心腸軟的/不夠嚴(yán)厲的besoftwithsb對某人心腸軟的/不夠嚴(yán)厲的Thatteacheristoosoft_-hisclass;theyareoutofcontrol.AwithBatConDto(1)It'stime/It'shightime/It'sabouttimethatsbdidsth=It's(high/about)time(for)sbtodosth是該做…的時(shí)候了。It'stime(forme)togetup.=It'stimethatIgotup.It'stimetogohome.=It'stimethatwewenthome.It/This/Thatisthefirst(second?Tast)timethatsbhavedonesth某人第一次(第二次。。。最后一次)做某事(that可省略，若前面為Itwas…后面的時(shí)態(tài)須用過去完成時(shí))ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoBeijing.ThatwasthelasttimethatIhadbeentotheGreatWall.ItisthesecondtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.thefirst(second)time本身可用作連詞用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。ThefirsttimeIsawher,Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.It'sthesecondtimethatI__toShanghai.Whatgreatchanges!It'stenyearssinceI__itlasttime.Ahavebeen,leftBhadbeen,leftCam,hadleftDcome,hadleftincome(n)“收入，所得，收益”當(dāng)收入講時(shí)，不用much或little修飾，而用large或low。與price相似。fixedincome固定收入alargeincome高收入alowincome低收入amonthlyincome月收入(1)dry(vi&vt)易干，曬干，擦干Wetclothesdryeasilyinthesun.Shedriedherhairwithtowels.Hedriedhisclothesinthesun.dryout(使)變干，干透Hotsunandcoldwindscansoondryoutyourskin.(inawaythatisnotwanted)dryup(河流，湖泊等)干涸Duringthedroughttheriverdriedup.dryoff使)變干，弄干Wewentswimmingthenlayinthesuntodryoff.我們?nèi)ビ瘟擞?，然后就躺在太陽下曬干。Wedriedourbootsoffbythefire.23“getto+動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞多為表示意識、心理、情緒等變化的詞，表示一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程。如gettoknow,gettorealize,gettounderstand等。此外，get后也可加上形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語等。Thefoood'sgettingcold.菜涼了。They'vejustgotmarried.Whenyougettoknowhim,you'llfindhe'squitedifferentfromhowyouimagined.25upsidedown顛倒地，亂七八糟地，雜亂地，翻過來地insideout里面朝外Theboypretendedhecouldread,buthewasholdingthebookupsidedown.Everythingintheroomwasturnedupsidedown.Thepicturewashungupsidedown.Heworethesweater__.AinsideoutBupsidedownCoutDoutside24(1)fantastic荒誕的，奇異的，fantasticdreams/stories荒誕的夢/故事

(2)adj(口語)了不起的，極好的She'safantasticswimmer.Youpassedyourtest.Fantastic.好極了/太棒了！(3)不切實(shí)際的fantasticplans/proposals不切實(shí)際的計(jì)劃/建議25sweatrunningdownherface.ing“主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行25sweatrunningdownherface.Withtheguideleadinguswefinallyfoundthevillage過去分詞“被動(dòng)，完成”Shewasthinkingforawhilewithhereyesshut.Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindwith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)todoIcan'thandstiedbehindwith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)todoIcan'tgo(3)不定式“主動(dòng)，將要發(fā)生”Withtoomuch/alotofhomeworkoutwithyou.cantrydoingitasecondtime.(4)cantrydoingitasecondtime.(4)介詞短語“伴隨”Theteachercameinwithabookihnishand.(5)(6)(7)Withalocalguide(5)(6)(7)WithalocalguideWiththeproblem__Withhim副詞Weusedtoliveinavillagewithariveraround.Thestudentslefttheroomwithallthelightson.名詞Thefatherdiedwithhisdaughterstillaschoolgirl.(lead)theway,wegotthereeasily.(solve),wewentonsmoothly.__(help)us,wewillfinishthewor