高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Day43Passage1GetInvolved!MakeaDonation!Sowhatisrewilding?Imagineournaturalhomesgrowinginsteadofshrinking.Imaginespecies（物種）diversifyinginsteadofdeclining.That'srewilding.Rewildingisecologicalrestoration.Rewildingoffershopeforwildlife,humansandtheplanet.Whyisrewildingimportantandnecessary??Ournaturalecologyisbroken.Theplaceswhereyouwouldexpectwildlifetoexisthavebeenreducedtowetdeserts.Theseabedhasbeendestroyedandtherehavebeennolivingcreaturesanymore.?Ourwildlifeisdisappearing.Manywonderfulspecieshavedeclinedoverthepastcentury.We'velostmoreofourlargeanimalsthananyEuropeancountry.?Weneedkeystonespecies.Thesevitalspecies,includingtoppredators（食肉動(dòng)物），driveecologicalprocesses.Theirlosshasworsenedourlivingsystems.?Naturelooksafterus.Goodnaturalecologycanprovideuswithcleanairandwater,preventfloodingandstorecarbon.Rewildingcanleavetheworldinabetterstatethanitistoday.Whatarechallenges?Asalong-termproject,our“rewildingbritain”hasitschallenges.Manypeoplearenotinterested,becausewehavegotusedtothelackofnativeforests.Manyfarmersopposetheidea.Theythoughtitacrazyideatobringbackpredatorsbecausetheywouldstartkillingfarmanimals.Ittakestimetoeducatethem.Aboveall,weneedmoney!Soweneedyourhelp!Makeadonation.Helpusbringbacklivingsystemsandrestorewildnature!Withyourhelpwecan...?Openupnewchancesforrewildingandpushforchange.?Developtoolstoeducate,influenceandspreadtheword.Thanksforyoursupport.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofrewilding?A.Speciesbecomevarious.B.Alotofanimalsdisappear.C.Environmentsaredestroyed.D.Naturaldisastershappenregularly.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthechallengesatpresentis.A.people'sdoubts B.alackofvolunteersC.ashortageoftime D.farmers'disagreementWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Tointroduceanewproject.Tocallonpeopletogivemoney.Towarnpeopleofthenaturalecology.Toconvincepeopletochangetheirmind.Passage2Ifafamilymemberblamesyouforsomethingyouhavedone,itisimportanttobecarefulabouthowyoudefendyourself.Itisnotagoodideatousewaysthatcausehurt,eveniftheywouldhelpyoumakeavalidpoint.Ifyoucanthinkofaninstancewheretheotherpersonhasdoneexactlywhattheyaccuseyouof,forexample,itwouldnotbegoodmannerstothrowitintheirface.Youshouldonlybringitupifyoudon,thaveachoice.Then,youshouldmakesurethatyoudoitrespectfully.Evenifafamilymemberintentionallygoesagainstreasonablewishesyoumayhave,youshouldunderstandthatpeopleseeeventhemostfundamentalthingsinverydifferentways.Rememberthatpeoplearedifferent.Ifyouconsideranynoiseaftermidnighttobeintolerable,forexample,othersmayseeitiscompletelyacceptable.Itcantakethemagreatdealoftimetochangetheirbehaviorforademandthattheydonotunderstand.Thinkaboutthefamilyconflictsthatyouareworriedaboutnow.Checktoseeifyourparentshadsimilarproblems.Peoplewhogrowupwithparentswhofightunfairlyoftenrepeatthesamebehavior.Considerchangingtheunfairhabitsthatyougrewupwith.Understandthatmemoriestendtochange.Inlong-standingfamilydisputes,allpartiesinvolvedtendtohavecompletelydifferentrecollectionsoftheoriginalproblem.Familiesareacuriousconcept—whilefamilymembersoftenfeelnothingbutannoyedforoneanother,theywillalsooftenbethereforthemiftheyshouldeverbeinserioustrouble.Whenyoufeelresentmentforsomeone,thinkabouthowfaryouwouldgoforthemiftheyhappenedtobeintrouble.Itcouldhelpsoftenyou.Thinkabouthowyoucarefortheotherperson.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewithaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Tofightbacktodefendyourself.Totargettheproblem,nottheperson.Todealwithamanashedealswithyou.Tohurteachotherwhenangry.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resentment”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Curiosity.B.Kindness.C.Concern.D.Anger.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheauthorapproveof?Familymemberssharethesamememoriesoverfamilydisputes.Parentsshouldsetagoodexampleinafamily.It,seasyforpeopletoagreeondifferentideas.Youcandefendyourselfbythrowingfactsback.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thinkabouthowyoucareforotherpersons.Learntoconcernaboutfamilymembers.Howtodealwithfamilyconflictswisely.Learntoaccepteachotherinafamily.Passage3M.Pei,theChinese-American,whowasregardedasoneofthelastgreatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedattheageof102.AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,PeiwillalwaysberememberedforaEuropeanproject:HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.Hegaveustheglassandmetalpyramidinthemaincourtyard,alongwiththreesmallerpyramidsandavastsubterranean（地下的）additiontothemuseumentrance.PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrizein1983,hewasthoughtasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinsidespacesandoutsideforms…Histalentandskillintheuseofmaterialsapproachthelevelofpoetry.”AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.DesigningtheJohnF.KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964establishedhimasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978changedpeople,sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid（梯形）shape.Pei,ssolutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic,lightandelegant一oneofthefirstcrowd-pleasingcathedralsofmodernart.Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsofsimplegeometric（幾何的）shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoretotheirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.Inperson,I.M.Peiwasgood-humored,charmingandunusuallymodest.Hisworkingprocesswasevolutionary,butinnovation（創(chuàng)新）wasneveranintendedgoal.“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose,”hesaid.“Iwanttofindtheoriginalityinthetime,theplaceandtheproblem.”WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.Itwasasuccess.ItmadetheLouvreMuseumlooksstrange.ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvreMuseum.Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4?Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.Heisskilledinwritingpoems.Heoftencombinespoetryandconstruction.Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.What,sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?DesigntheJohnF.KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard.DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.A.abcdB.bacdC.bcadD.dacdWhatcanwelearnaboutI.M.Pei?Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.Hewastalentedandserious.Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.Passage4In1982,IhadresponsibilityforStephenHawking,sthirdacademicbookforthePress,SuperspaceandSupergravity.Thiswasamessycollectionofpapersfromatechnicalworkshoponhowtodeviseanewtheoryofgravity.Whilethatbookwasinproduction,Isuggestedhetrysomethingeasier:apopularbookaboutthenatureoftheUniverse,suitableforthegeneralmarket.Stephenhesitatedovermysuggestion.Healreadyhadaninternationalreputationasabrillianttheoreticalphysicistworkingonrotatingblackholesandtheoriesofgravity.Andhehadconcernsaboutfinancialmatters:importantly,itwasimpossibleforhimtoobtainanyformoflifeinsurancetoprotecthisfamilyintheeventofhisdeathorbecomingtotallydependentonnursingcare.So,hetookprecioustimeoutfromhisresearchtopreparetheroughdraftofabook.Atthetime,severalbestsellingphysicsauthorshadalreadypublishednon,technicalbooksontheearlyUniverseandblackholes.Stephendecidedtowriteamorepersonalapproach,byexplaininghisownresearchincosmologyandquantumtheory.Oneafternoon,inthe1980s,heinvitedmetotakealookatthefirstdraft,butfirsthewantedtodiscusscash.Hetoldmehehadspentconsiderabletimeawayfromhisresearch,andthatheexpectedadvancesandroyalties（定金和版稅）tobelarge.WhenIpressedhimonthemarketthatheforesaw,heinsistedthatitbeonsale,upfront,atallairportbookshopsintheUKandtheUS.Itoldthatwasatoughcallforauniversitypress.ThenIthumbedthetypescript.Tomydismay,thetextwasfartootechnicalforageneralreader.Afewweekslaterheshowedmearevision,muchimproved.Eventually,hedecidedtoplaceitwithamassmarketpublisherratherthanauniversitypress.BantampublishedABriefHistoryofTimeinMarch1988.Salestookofflikearocket,anditrankedasabestsellerforatleastfiveyears.Thebook,simpactonthepopularizationofsciencehasbeenincalculable.WhatsuggestiondidthewritergivetoStephenHawking?SimplifyingSuperspaceandSupergravity.Formulatinganewtheoryofgravity.Writingapopularbookonthenatureoftheuniverse.Revisingabookbasedonanewtheory.WhichofthefollowingwasStephenHawkingmostconcernedabout?Financialreturns.Othercompetitors.Publishinghouses.Hisfamily,slifeinsuranceTheunderlinedword“thumbed”isclosestinmeaningto.A.praisedB.typedC.confirmedD.browsedThegreatestcontributionofthebookABriefHistoryofTimeliesin.bringinghimovernightfameinthescientificworldkeepingupthelivingstandardofhisfamilymakingpopularscienceavailabletothegeneralpubliccreatingtherocketingsalesofatechnicalbookPassage5Formanyyears,humanshavetriedtofindthesecrettostayingyoung.Althoughithasyettobediscovered,wemaybecloserthanevertofindingawaythatcanslowdowntheagingprocess.ArecentstudybyresearchersfromDukeUniversityintheUSfoundthatcuttingone,sdailyintakeofcaloriescouldslowdownbiologicalaging,whichmeansyoumightbeabletohangontoyouryouthfullooksalittlelonger.Previousresearchhasshownthatcalorierestrictionsslowaginginworms,fliesandmice.Soresearcherswonderedifitcouldhavethesameeffectonpeople.Tofindout,DanielBelskyandherteamexamineddatafromastudybytheNationalInstituteonAging,basedintheUS,whichinvolved220people.Duringthetwo,yearstudy,145peopleintherestrictiongroupcuttheircalorieintakeby25percent.Meanwhile,75peopleinthecontrolgroupmaintainedtheirnormaldiets.Atthestartofthestudy,thetwogroupshadnodifferenceinbiologicalage.Theaverageparticipantwas38yearsold,withabiologicalageof37.However,aftereach12,monthperiod,participantsintherestrictiongroupsawanincreaseinbiologicalagebyanaverageofO.llyears.Meanwhile,thoseinthecontrolgroupsawarisebyanaverageof0.71years.Theresearchersbelievethedifferencebetweenthesegroupsshowsthatcuttingcaloriesdoesslowbiologicalaging.Althoughtheydidn,texplainthereasonbehindthis,researchersatBrighamYoungUniversityintheUSprovidedanexplanationaftertheycarriedoutasimilarstudyonmice.Theybelievefewercaloriesslowdownamechanismincellscalledtheribosome（核糖體），atleastinmice.Themechanismisresponsibleformakingvitalproteinsincells,butwithfewercaloriesitslowsdown,givingitmoretimetorepairitself.Theribosomeiscomplexlikeacar,anditneedstoreplacethepartsthatwearoutthefastestfromtimetotime,accordingtoJohnPrice,abiochemistryprofessoratBrighamYoungUniversity.“Whentireswearout,youdon,tthrowthewholecarawayandbuynewones.It,seasiertoreplacethetires,”PricetoldVOA.Butthisdoesn,tmeanthatpeoplewhowanttolookyoungershouldstartskippingmeals,especiallygiventhestudy,searlystage.Propernutritionisimportant,Priceexplained.“Foodisn,tjustmaterialtobeburned-it,sasignalthattellsourbodyandcellshowtorespond,”hetoldScienceDaily.Thepurposeoftheresearchwasto.findthemostefficientwaytocontrolcalorieintake.explainwhypeoplehavetomaintainanormaldiet.testtheinfluenceofcalorierestrictionsonaging.inventtechnologythatkeepspeopleyoungandhealthy.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheexperiment?Alltheparticipantswereofthesamebiologicalageatthestart.Thebiologicalageofpeopleinthecontrolgroupincreasedmorethanthoseintherestrictiongroup.Fliesandmicewereusedtocomparetheresultsofthehumantestwith.Someparticipantswereaskedtodoubletheamountoffoodtheyate.AccordingtoJohnPrice,.theribosomeisanimportantcellthatcontrolstheagingprocess.ahigherlevelofcalorieintakemeansmorehealthyproteins.thefewercaloriesonetakesin,thebettertheribosomeworks.reducingcalorieintakecouldallowtheribosometorepairitselfbetter.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.thosewhowanttostayyoungareadvisedtoskipmeals.peopleshouldkeeparecordoftheenergytheyburneveryday.maintainingabalanceddietisnotasdifficultaspeopleimagine.wecouldslowourpaceofbiologicalagingbychangingoureatinghabits.參考答案Passage1A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段前三句“Imagineournaturalhomesgrowinginsteadofshrinking.Imaginespecies（物種）diversifyinginsteadofdeclining.That,srewilding.”可知當(dāng)我們對(duì)物種進(jìn)行再野生化的時(shí)候，我們的自然家園會(huì)擴(kuò)大而不是萎縮，自然物種會(huì)變得更加多樣而不是減少。也就是說(shuō)物種會(huì)變得多樣化，故A項(xiàng)正確。D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段前三句“Asalong-termproject,our“rewildingbritain”hasitschallenges.Manypeoplearenotinterested,becausewehavegotusedtothelackofnativeforests.Manyfarmersopposetheidea.”可知這是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期項(xiàng)目，會(huì)有很多挑戰(zhàn)。很多農(nóng)民會(huì)反對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故D項(xiàng)正確。B目的意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一部分“Makeadonation.Helpusbringbacklivingsystemsandrestorewildnature!”可知本文主要是為了號(hào)召人們?yōu)椤皉ewilding卜晅山”項(xiàng)目捐款。故B項(xiàng)正確。Passage2B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Ifyoucanthinkofaninstancewheretheotherpersonhasdoneexactlywhattheyaccuseyouof,forexample,itwouldnotbegoodmannerstothrowitintheirface. 比如，如果家庭成員指責(zé)你不應(yīng)該這樣做，而你卻回想到他/她以前也這么做過(guò)，這時(shí)候講出這件事打他們的臉則是不禮貌的做法。可以推斷出，我們要就事論事，不針對(duì)個(gè)人。故選B。D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段whilefamilymembersoftenfeelnothingbutannoyedforoneanother,theywillalsooftenbethereforthemiftheyshouldeverbeinserioustrouble.中的annoyed提示，和后句thinkabouthowfaryouwouldgoforthemiftheyhappenedtobeintrouble.Itcouldhelpsoftenyou.請(qǐng)想一想：如果他/她陷入麻煩，你會(huì)怎么做？這會(huì)讓你緩和對(duì)他/她的態(tài)度，從而可以猜測(cè)出resentment為“怨恨”之意。故選D。B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段Peoplewhogrowupwithparentswhofightunfairlyoftenrepeatthesamebehavior.可知，如果父母總是爭(zhēng)吵，在這種情況下成長(zhǎng)的人往往也會(huì)重復(fù)同樣的行為。從而可以推斷，父母應(yīng)該在家庭中樹(shù)立一個(gè)10好榜樣。故選B。C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段Ifafamilymemberblamesyouforsomethingyouhavedone,itisimportanttobecarefulabouthowyoudefendyourself.和全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹如何明智地解決家庭沖突?故選C。Passage3B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—andeveryoneelse—werewonover.貝聿銘是盧浮宮悠久歷史上的第一位外國(guó)建筑師，最初他的設(shè)計(jì)遭到強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。但最終，法國(guó)人，以及全世界，都被（他的精妙設(shè)計(jì)所）折服。從而可以推測(cè)，羅浮宮博物館重建非常成功。故選B。A句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Histalentandskillintheuseofmaterialsapproachthelevelofpoetry.中的關(guān)鍵詞talentandskill和theuseofmaterials可知，此句字面含義為：他在使用（建筑）材料方面的才華和技藝達(dá)到了詩(shī)一般的境界，即他是應(yīng)用材料方面的專家。故選A。B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.可知，1955年，貝聿銘在麻省理工學(xué)院和哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)建筑學(xué)；第五段DesigningtheJohnF.KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum