第2課時(shí)SectionA(3a-4c)名師巧講精析

1．ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongwasthefirsttodiscoverteaasadrink．據(jù)說(shuō)有一位叫作神農(nóng)的統(tǒng)治者最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶可以飲用。Itissaidthat．．．是英語(yǔ)中常用的句型，用在不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作said的執(zhí)行者的情況下，意為“據(jù)說(shuō)”，相當(dāng)于“Peoplesaythat．．．”。其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。

Itissaidthatwhalescanlivefortwentytothirtyyears．=Peoplesaythatwhalescanlivefortwentytothirtyyears．據(jù)說(shuō)鯨可以活20到30年?！就卣埂款愃频木湫瓦€有：⑴Itissupposedthat．．．據(jù)猜測(cè)……⑵Itisreportedthat．．．據(jù)報(bào)道……⑶Itisbelievedthat．．．人們認(rèn)為……2．Someleavesfromateaplantfellintothewaterandremainedthereforsometime．一些葉子從茶樹(shù)上落入這水里并在里面停留了一段時(shí)間。⑴fallinto意為“落入；陷入”。Hefellintotheriversuddenly．他突然掉進(jìn)河里了。Weplayedatrickonhimandhefellrightintoit．我們給他設(shè)了個(gè)圈套，他就中計(jì)了。【拓展】與fall相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：fallbehind落后falldown摔倒falloff掉下fallasleep入睡⑵remain不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“剩下，停留；逗留”等。Afewpearsremainonthetrees．樹(shù)上還留有幾個(gè)梨。【拓展】remain用作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“保持；仍是”，后接形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。Theroomremainscoolallsummer．這個(gè)房間整個(gè)夏天都保持涼爽。3．TheteatradefromChinatoWesterncountriestookplaceinthe19thcentury．從中國(guó)到西方國(guó)家的茶貿(mào)易出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)。takeplace意為“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)”，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示某事正在發(fā)生。ThenextmeetingwilltakeplaceonThursday．下次會(huì)議將在星期四舉行。【辨析】takeplace與happentakeplace通常指預(yù)先計(jì)劃或預(yù)料之中的事情的“發(fā)生”，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)ThefootballmatchwilltakeplaceonMonday．足球比賽將于星期一舉行。happen通常指具體事件的發(fā)生，尤其指偶然的、未能預(yù)見(jiàn)的事情的“發(fā)生”。happen是不及物動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theaccidenthappenedoutsideherhouse．那起事故發(fā)生在她家外面。4．Eventhoughmanypeoplenowknowaboutteaculture,theChinesearewithoutdoubttheoneswhobestunderstandthenatureoftea．盡管現(xiàn)在很多人了解茶文化，但是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)中國(guó)人才是最懂得茶的本質(zhì)的人。doubt此處為名詞，意為“疑惑；疑問(wèn)”。常用短語(yǔ)withoutdoubt，意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)；的確”。Asuddendoubtcametomymind．我心中突然起了疑慮。HeiswithoutdoubttheclevereststudentIhaveevertaught．他確實(shí)是我教過(guò)的學(xué)生中最聰明的。5．語(yǔ)法指津一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也有各種時(shí)態(tài)，不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式也有一定的區(qū)別。本單元重點(diǎn)講解一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow．他的桌子剛被清理了。Thestationwasbuiltin1928．這個(gè)站臺(tái)建于1928年。2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句式：⑴肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。Theteachingbuildingwasbuiltsixyearsago．這棟教學(xué)樓建于六年前。⑵否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。Thewindowwasnotbrokenbyhim．窗戶不是他打破的。⑶一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)？Werethetextbookswrittenin2015?這些教科書(shū)是在2015年寫(xiě)的嗎？⑷特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)？Wherewerethosebusesproduced?這些公共汽車(chē)是哪里生產(chǎn)的？Ⅰ．根據(jù)句意、首字母及漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。1．DoyouthinkQinShihuangwasacruel(殘暴的)r

?2．Ifyouwanttomaketea,youshouldb

thewaterfirst．3．Christmasisthemostimportantn

festivalintheWest．4．Theconference(會(huì)議)hasdeveloped

(貿(mào)易)andfriendshipbetweenChinaandRussia．基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)闖關(guān)uleroilationaltrade5．It’shotthesedays,wemustkeepthefoodinthef

．6．Theflowersinthisgardenproduceanice

(氣味)．7．Don’tforgettol

thedoorswhenyouleavetheclassroom．8．Luckily,fewpeoplewerekilledinthat

(地震)．ridgesmellockearthquake9．Haveyoueverplayedamusicali

?10．Doyoulikeeating

(餅干)?nstrumentbiscuitsⅡ．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1．Theshoes

adjustableheelslooknice．2．Thebookwritten

thefamousauthorisverypopular．3．Sheknowsthestyle

theclotheswell．4．Theysoldthefridge

alowprice．5．Someleaves

ateaplantfell

thewaterandremainedthere

sometime．6．

doubt,theChineseknowaboutteaculturebest．withbyofatfromintoWithoutforⅢ．完成譯句。1．據(jù)說(shuō)一個(gè)名叫神農(nóng)的中國(guó)統(tǒng)治者是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)茶可以飲用的人。

aChineseruler

ShenNongwasthefirst

teaasadrink．2．大約1660年，茶才出現(xiàn)在英國(guó)。InEngland,tea

appear

around1660．Itissaidthatcalledtodiscoverdidn’tuntil3．毛衣是用來(lái)保暖的。Asweateris

warm．4．那起事故發(fā)生得很突然。Theaccidenthappened

．5．這本書(shū)兩年前被譯成許多語(yǔ)言。Thebook

manylanguagestwoyearsago．usedforkeepingallofasuddenwastranslatedintoⅣ．單項(xiàng)選擇。()1．—I’msorrytobreakyourcup

．—Itdoesn’tmatter．A．byaccidentB．bythewayC．byheartD．byhand綜合拓展培優(yōu)A()2．—The21thWorldCup

inRussia,right?—Yes．It

nextyear．A．held;tookplaceB．willbeheld;willbetakenplaceC．held;willtakenplaceD．willbeheld;willtakeplaceD()3．Theyhadawonderfultime．Theyateandateuntilnofood

onthetable．A．remindedB．neededC．rememberedD．remainedD()4．It

wewillhaveanEnglishtexttomorrow．A．sayB．saysC．issaidD．saidC()5．—Idon’tknowhowto

eggs．—Verysimple．Justpoursomewaterintoapotandputintheeggs．A．cookB．boilC．breakD．makeB()6．Therabbit

theholeandcouldn’tcomeout．A．fellintoB．felloffC．felldownD．fellfromA()7．Thesoupsmells

andIlikeitverymuch．A．wellB．goodC．badD．badlyB()8．TeawasbroughttoKoreaandJapan

the6thand7thcenturies．A．a(chǎn)tB．inC．duringD．intoCⅤ．語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)：把下面句子改為主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1．Bellinventedthetelephonein1876．Thetelephone

Bellin1876．2．Iammadetodomuchhomeworkbymyparentseveryday．Myparents

me

muchhomeworkeveryday．wasinventedbymakedo3．Wheredidyougrowtheteaplants?Wheretheteaplants

?4．ThepolicecaughtBillbecauseofhisdrunkdriving．Bill

thepolicebecauseofhisdrunkdriving．5．Didpeopleuseitforcookinginthepast?

it

inthepast?weregrownwascaughtbyWasusedforcookingⅥ．完形填空。

Someinventionsareveryimportant．Forexample, thetelephoneallowspeopletocommunicateallovertheworld．The1letspeopletravellongdistancesinashorttime．Lifeismucheasierwiththese2inventions．

Someinventionsarejustfun．Acompanyinaforeigncountryhasinvented3flowers．Youcanlistentomusicthatcomesthroughrealflowers．

Customersinrestaurantscansmellthebeautifulroses4listentopleasantmusicwhileeating．

Peopleinthedentist’s(牙醫(yī)的)officecanlookat prettyliliesandlistentoMozartwhilehavingtheir5examined! Thereisnowavehiclethatgetsyouaroundwithalmostnoeffort6．Infact,youdrivethisinventionwhilestandingonit!Thisvehiclerunsbyelectricity．It7quiteeasily．Whenyouleanforward,itmovesforward,andwhenyoulean8,itmovesbackward! Anewkindofbubble(泡泡)liquid(液體)hasbeeninvented．Ifyoublowbubbles9thisliquid,theycanlastforseveralminutes!10areverystrong．Youcanevenpickthemupandthrowthemaround! Doyouhaveyourownideasaboutinventionsnow?()1．A．bikeB．busC．shipD．plane()2．A．importantB．uselessC．boringD．strangeDA()3．A．dancingB．talkingC．singingD．walking()4．A．butB．soC．norD．a(chǎn)ndCD()5．A．earsB．eyesC．teethD．nose()6．A．inallB．a(chǎn)tallC．a(chǎn)fterallD．forallCB()7．A．carriesB．makesC．worksD．plays()8．A．forwardB．backwardC．towardsD．a(chǎn)fterwardsCB()9．A．a(chǎn)boutB．a(chǎn)tC．withD．for()10．A．TheyB．WeC．YouD．NoneCAⅦ．閱讀理解。

Didyoueverwonderhowsomeofyourfavoritefoods,productsortoyscameabout?Believeitornot,theymayhavebeenanaccident,orafailureofsomeotherintention．Below,wefoundthreemistakeswe’rethankfulforturnedouttobewhattheyare．

1．MosthistoriansholdthattheChineseinventedfireworksinthe9thcenturywhentheydiscoveredhowtomakegunpowder．StoryhasitthataChinesecookaccidentallymixedtogetherwhat werethenconsideredcommonkitchenitemsandnoticedtheyburnt．Whenputtightlyinabambootubeandlit,itblewup．

2．InMayof1886,alawledJohnPemberton,apharmacist(藥劑師),torewritetheformula(配方)for“Pemberton’sFrenchWineCoca”,hispopularheadachetreatment．Containingsugarinsteadofwineasasweetener,theebecamesomethingforCoke,whichwaslatermixedwithcarbonated(碳酸)water．HisbookkeepersuggestedthenameCoca-ColabecausehethoughtthetwoC’swouldlookgoodtogether,whichishow whatwecallCoca-Cola,aworld-widedrinkcameintobeing．

3．DuringWorldWarII,scientistsattheUniversityofBirminghaminventedthemagnetron(磁控管)—animportantheat-producingpartofthemicrowaveoven．WhileworkingforRaytheonCorporationafterthewar,theAmericanengineerPercySpencerwastestingthemagnetronwhenachocolatebarinhispocketmelted．Hewentontotestotherfoodsincludingpopcornkernels(仁),andfoundittobeamuchmoreefficientwaytocook．In1947Raytheoncameoutwiththefirstrestaurantmicrowaveoven,whichwassixfeettallandweighed750lbs．()1．Theunderlinedphrase“blewup”mightmean“

”inChinese．A．爆炸B．膨脹