2023年考研考博-考博英語-煤炭科學(xué)研究總院考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Thediscussionquickly（）intoanangryargument.問題1選項A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declined2.單選題Soilonthemountainslopesisverysusceptible（）erosion.問題1選項A.ofB.toC.withD.by3.單選題Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.問題1選項A.hideB.hinderC.hintD.hind4.單選題Withallthewars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,it'snotonlynecessary,butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.Puttingasmileonsomeone'sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdowninthedumps,asthesayinggoes,makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon'tknowthepersonI'mjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommoncourtesytospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon'thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareallyfunnyjoke?Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.1.Accordingtotheauthor,humorisusefulintheaspectthat（）.2.TheauthoranswersthequestioninParagraph2with（）.3.Thephrase“bustingagut”inParagraph3canbereplacedby（）.4.Whichisnotmentionedasafunctionhumorplaysinlife?5.Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto（）.問題1選項A.itmakespeoplemoreconfidentB.itcanpickuppeople'sspiritsC.itcanhelpgetridofthecrueltyintheworldD.itcanhelppeoplegetonwellwithothers問題2選項A.factsanddescriptionsB.evidenceandargumentC.examplesandconclusionD.storiesandpersuasion問題3選項A.explainingcarefullyB.speakingloudC.keepingsilentD.laughinghard問題4選項A.Humorcanreducestress.B.Humorhelpstolandajoboffer.C.Humorcandrivesadnessaway.D.Humorcanmakeyourfamilyhappy.問題5選項A.talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumorB.encouragepeopletobehumorousindailylifeC.introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylifeD.convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife5.單選題Alcoholscanalso（）judgmenttotheextentthatyoumaynotmakethebestorbrightestdecisionsinacoldweatheremergency.問題1選項A.impartB.impactC.impairD.impose6.寫作題Directions:“Publishorperish”iswell-knownintheacademicworld.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisviewpoints.Pleaseexpressyouropinioninabout150words.7.單選題Thelawcan（）fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.問題1選項A.compelB.complyC.complainD.combine8.單選題Holdersofdeferredshareshavenorightstovoteatgeneralmeetingsorreceiveany（）.問題1選項A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division9.單選題Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily（）intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.問題1選項A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire10.翻譯題國家統(tǒng)計局（NBS）周五發(fā)布的《2018年全國睡覺時間使用情況調(diào)查報告》揭示了中國人平均每天的時間分配情況。這包括了他們的工作、睡覺、家務(wù)、休閑娛樂等不同活動。這項調(diào)查顯示，低收入人群平均看電視的時間為每天1小時50分鐘。這比中等收入人群多15分鐘，比較高收入組多32分鐘，比高收入人群多46分鐘。國家統(tǒng)計局高級統(tǒng)計員金紅表示，2008年和2018年的時間使用情況調(diào)查顯示，中國人均生活質(zhì)量有所改善。SectionBTranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.11.單選題Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand（）peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.問題1選項A.roughB.plasticC.harshD.resilient12.單選題PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,”stillpointstoanimportanttruthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportantas,orevenmoreimportantthan,democracyinpreservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheideaofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.1.Thestatement“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness”probablymeans“（）”.2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly（）.3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby（）.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves（）.問題1選項A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerceB.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernmentC.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericansD.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness問題2選項A.whengivenequalityofopportunityB.throughdoingbusinessC.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedomD.bywayofcompetition問題3選項A.HonestbusinessmenB.BothbusinessmenandtheircustomersC.PeoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedomD.Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment問題4選項A.itsabsolutecontrolofpowerB.itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedomC.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvaluesD.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership問題5選項A.AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB.inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatusC.AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD.businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica13.單選題Justasthereareteacherswhosimplygothroughthemotionsanddragusthroughthematerialinordertocompletearequiredcourse,therearecompaniesandjobsandbossesthatdothesame.Thatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetolivewithit.Avoidthosefear-runworkplaces.Quitthosejobs.Askyourfriendsaboutwheretheywork,oraboutcompaniesthey'vereadaboutorheardaboutwherepassion,excitement,andhumanenergyarevaluedaboveallelse.Inthoseplaces,youwillfindthatfearisnotprimarymotivatorforgettingtoresults.AlthoughI'vefoundthatmostorganizationsdonotfocusontheirculture,therearealsoasignificantnumberofcompanieswhoarequiteclearaboutwhattheyaretryingtoachieve.Thosecompanieshaveamissionandapurposeinwhattheydo.Thepeoplewhoworktherearefocusednotonthemselves,butonthosetheyserve.Theyareworkingonsomethingmuchbiggerthanthemselves.Ilearnedtolovemyjobbyconnectingittojoy:joyforourcustomers,joyfortheendusersofourproducts,joyformyteam,andpersonaljoyinwhatweweredoing.Manybelievethiskindofmissionfocuscanonlyoccurinthenon-profitworld.Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Therearesuccessfulpurpose-drivenprivateandpubliccorporations,largeandsmall.Theyarestillrare,though,soitwon'tnecessarilybeeasytofindthem,butitisworthyourtimetopursuethissearch.SomeofyouwillbeinclinedtodowhatIultimatelydidandstartyourownfirm,withitsownmissionandpurpose.Entrepreneurshipformewastheenablerofanobleyetselfishpursuit:IwantedtocreateacompanythatIloved.Icreatedmyownfulfillingjob,butitwouldonlybefulfillingtomeifitwerealsorewardingforthosewhoworkedaroundme.Tolearntoloveyourjob,it'simportanttofindajobwherelearningisarequirementtosuccess.Learningproducesjoy,regardlessoftheindustryyou'rein.Becomeastudentagain.Readbooks,studyorganizations,andstretchyourselftotrynewthings.Ifyouareinatechnicalorasupportrole,volunteerforsalessupportassignmentsandwatchhowyourcompanyinteractswithitscustomers.Signupfortradeshowboothdutyandlearnwhatothersintheworldareseekingfromfirmslikeyours.Learntopresentinfrontofothers.Signuptospeakatconferences,andthengolistentootherspeakers.Findtheideas,thepeopleandthecompaniesthatinspireyou.1.Theauthor'spurposeinusingteachersasanexampleisto（）.2.Theauthorfavorscompaniesthat（）.3.By“Thiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth”(Line1,Para.3),theauthormeanshethinks（）.4.Whatdowelearnabouttheauthor'sjoyforhisjob?5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthormakeattheendofthepassage?問題1選項A.emphasizethevalueofcommitmentB.showconcernforbadworkperformanceC.pointouttheimportanceofjobtrainingD.argueagainstfear-runworkplaces問題2選項A.arebigandambitiousB.arecustomer-orientedC.motivateemployeeswithrewardsD.focusontheirself-image問題3選項A.thenon-profitworldhashiddenrulesB.amissiontellstruthaboutacompanyC.thestatementisabsolutelyfalseD.acompanytrulygoesafterprofits問題4選項A.Itdependslargelyonhisfreewillandselfishpursuit.B.Itcomesfromthesatisfactionofpeopleinhiscompany.C.Itenableshimtoinspirepeopleworkingaroundhim.D.Itisbasedonhisownfirmbeliefinhisbusinessskills.問題5選項A.Seizeopportunitiestolearnonthejob.B.Playavarietyofrolestobesuccessful.C.Keepagoodrelationshipwithcustomers.D.Seekotherfirmsthatneedyourskills.14.單選題Apieceofglasswasembedded（）herhand.問題1選項A.withB.withinC.inD.inside15.單選題Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?問題1選項A.compellingB.componentC.competentD.compulsive第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項deteriorate“惡化”，B項aggravate“加重、激怒”，C項increase“提高”，D項decline“拒絕”；句意：這場討論迅速演變成憤怒的爭吵。因此A選項正確。2.【答案】B【解析】考查介詞辨析及搭配。A項of“……的”，B項to“到、朝、對于”，C項with“和……”，D項by“由、被、到……之前”；句意：山坡上的土壤很容易被侵蝕。besusceptibleto“易受……的影響”；因此B選項正確。3.【答案】B【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項動詞hide“隱藏”，B項動詞hinder“阻礙、打擾”，C項動詞hint“暗示、示意”，D項形容詞hind“后部的”；句意：新政策將阻礙而不是幫助貧困家庭。因此B選項正確。4.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:D第4題:B第5題:B【解析】1.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“幽默的有用之處在于（）?”。第一段第一句butalsoessentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpusgetthrougheachandeverydayofourlives.（擁有良好的幽默感也是必要的，只是為了幫助我們度過生活的每一天），可以看出，保持幽默可以打起人們的精神；A項“使人更自信”，文中只提到幽默可以解壓；C項“幫助人們擺脫殘酷的世界”，這是作者引用了奶奶的例子，主要是用來說明幽默能讓自己在殘酷生活中緩解壓力；D項“幫助人們與人友好相處”，文中只是提到幽默也是一種人與人之間的禮貌，著重點還是在于幽默可以解壓。因此B項“打起/鼓舞人們的精神”正確。2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者第二段回答問題用的是什么?”。第二段的問題是Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjoke…orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?（如果你不能和你的妻子，丈夫，孩子，同事，鄰居，親密的朋友，甚至只是一個和你一起在街角商店排隊的人開玩笑，你會有什么感覺?）；后面作者用奶奶的例子來回答這個問題并且做出了結(jié)論，因此該題C選項“例子和結(jié)論”正確。3.【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第三段中的短語‘bustingagut’可以用哪個詞替代?”。根據(jù)第三段第二句Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.（他們周圍的人聽了這個笑話可能會在地板上打滾，但他們會坐在那里，臉上沒有一絲笑容。）結(jié)合后面Iambustingagutwhiletheyjustsitthere可以推斷出，當他們坐在那里的時候，“我”是和他們周圍的人一樣笑得在地板上打滾。因此，可以猜出bustingagut在這里是“大笑”的意思，因此D選項“努力地大笑”正確。4.【試題解析】細節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“下列關(guān)于幽默在生活中發(fā)揮的作用哪一項沒有描述？”。最后一段提到Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol（笑對于控制心理壓力的水平是很重要的），因此A項“幽默可以減少壓力”正確；倒數(shù)第二句提到Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.（我們都需要找到一種方法來繞過悲傷，為我們的生活帶來一點光明），因此C項“幽默可以驅(qū)散悲傷”正確；最后一句提到Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.（我相信最好的藥方是聚在一起，講一些笑話，一起開懷大笑），推斷出“幽默是可以令家人開心的”，因此D項正確；B項“幽默幫助獲得工作機會”文中沒有提到，因此該題選B。5.【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者寫這篇文章的主要意圖是什么？”。全文主要在論述一個觀點，那就是擁有良好的幽默感可以幫助我們度過生活的每一天，緩解生活中的壓力；可以推斷出作者是鼓勵/建議大家變得幽默，只有B選項“鼓勵人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪凶兊糜哪狈项}意。A項“談?wù)撟约簩τ哪睦斫狻?，文中作者有發(fā)表自己的見解，但通篇都在論述幽默對生活有幫助；C項“介紹一種實用方法來度過日常生活”，最后一段提到Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.（我們都需要找到一個方式來繞過悲傷給生活帶來一點光），這句話是鼓勵我們保持幽默，因為幽默可以緩解壓力，但文章主旨不是介紹實用的方式，而是論述幽默的好處；D項“讓人們相信樂觀對待生活的力量”，文中講的是幽默，不是樂觀。因此B項正確。5.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項impart“傳授”，B項impact“影響”，C項impair“損害、削弱”，D項impose“利用”；句意：酒精也會影響你的判斷力，讓你在寒冷天氣的緊急情況下無法做出最佳或最明智的決定。因此B選項正確。6.【答案】略7.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項compel“強迫、迫使”，B項comply“遵守、順從”，C項complain“抱怨”，D項combine“聯(lián)合、結(jié)合”；句意：這項法律可強制父親定期支付子女的費用。因此A選項正確。8.【答案】C【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項形容詞divisive“分裂的、區(qū)分的”，B項動詞divide“分開”，C項名詞dividend“紅利、股息”，D項名詞division“除法、分割”；句意：遞延股票的持有者在股東大會上沒有投票權(quán)，也不能獲得任何股息。因此C選項正確。9.【答案】D【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項backwash“回流、反響”，B項backdate“回溯”，C項backlash“強烈反對”，D項backfire“產(chǎn)生出乎意料及事與愿違的結(jié)果”；句意：當它發(fā)揮作用時，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事與愿違，變成最嚴重的噩夢。因此D選項正確。10.【答案】

The2018NationalSurveyReportontheUtilizationofBedtime,releasedbytheNationalBureauofStatistics(NBS)onFriday,revealedhowChinesepeopletoallocatetheirdaily'stimeaveragely.Thisincludeswork,sleep,housework,recreationandotherdifferentactivities.Accordingtothesurvey,theaveragetimeoflow-incomegroupwatchingTVis1hourand50minutesaday,whichis15minutesmorethanmedium-incomegroup,32minutesmorethanthehigh-incomegroupand46minutesmorethanthehigh-incomegroup.Jinhong,aseniorstatisticianattheNBS,saidthatthequalityoflifepercapitainChinahadimproved,whichwasshowedbythesurveyonsituationoftimeutilizationin2008and2018.11.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項rough“粗糙的”，B項plastic“塑料的”，C項harsh“嚴厲的、刺耳的”，D項resilient“可迅速恢復(fù)的、堅韌的”；句意：有些東西根本無法改變，有韌性的人能接受這一點，不會浪費精力來做不可能的事。因此D選項正確。12.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:B第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“句子‘ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness’可能是什么意思？”。第一段truthtodaythatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.（真相就是在美國社會商業(yè)機構(gòu)比包括政府在內(nèi)的其他任何類型的組織有更多的威望）說明美國人很關(guān)注商業(yè)。因此ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness表達的意思是“商業(yè)是美國人第一關(guān)心的”。A選項“美國商業(yè)機構(gòu)關(guān)注的是商業(yè)”，這個選項邏輯沒問題，但是比較片面；B項“商業(yè)問題對美國政府很重要”和D項“美國是全球商業(yè)的強國”沒提到。故該題選C。2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“美國人相信他們只有怎樣才能實現(xiàn)他們的個人價值？”。第二段最后一句Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself;itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競爭不僅本身是良好的，它還是一種保護手段，其他基本的美國人價值觀都是受它的保護，如個人自由、機會均等和努力工作等），由此可知美國人是可以通過競爭實現(xiàn)他們的個人價值。B項“通過做生意”沒有提到，A項“給予平等的機會”和C項“保護個人自由”都是包括在競爭的保護機制里面，最終還是通過競爭才能實現(xiàn)自己的價值。因此D選項正確。3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“商業(yè)競爭對誰有利？”。第三段第三句ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.（如果一個商業(yè)機構(gòu)試圖不公平地利用它的顧客，它就會輸給那些對待顧客更公平的競爭對手），由此推斷出競爭不僅有利于顧客的利益，也有利于公平對待客戶的商業(yè)機構(gòu)。A項“誠實的商人”不夠全面；C項“擁有平等和自由理想的人們”和D項“商業(yè)機構(gòu)和政府”中的政府均未提及。因此B選項“商人和顧客”正確。4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“人們認為政府與商業(yè)有顯著的不同，因為政府的特點是什么？”。第四段第一句Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（競爭的商業(yè)和政府的壟斷總是經(jīng)常拿來對比），可以推斷出政府和商業(yè)競爭相比，政府的壟斷是權(quán)利上的操控，B項“保護個人自由的功能”這是競爭的特點；C項“保護美國基本價值觀方面的作用”沒有提到；D項“行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的民主方式”，只提到了政府的壟斷，沒有提到民主。因此A選項“對權(quán)利的絕對控制”正確。5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從這篇文章可以推斷出作者相信什么？”。最后一段第三句CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.（競爭的成功被美國人視為基于家庭背景而產(chǎn)生的社會地位的替代），即美國是不依靠家庭背景決定社會地位，從而推斷出，相反其他國家就要依靠社會地位。A項“美國人比其他國家的人更具野心”、C項“美國商業(yè)比其他國家更民主”和D項“其他國家的商業(yè)不像美國商業(yè)一樣有競爭性”沒有提到。因此B選項“許多國家的成功取決于一個人的社會地位”正確。13.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:B第5題:A【解析】1.【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者使用教師的例子是為了……？”。第一段陳述的例子是“有些老師只是走過場敷衍的講完授課的內(nèi)容，以便完成一項規(guī)定的課程”，然后第三句提到Avoidthosefear-funworkplace.（避開那些讓人恐懼得想跑的公司），由此看出作者是想用例子來表達他對這種公司的反對態(tài)度。A選項“強調(diào)貢獻的價值”，文中是強調(diào)快樂的工作，不是貢獻就會快樂；B選項“對不好的工作表現(xiàn)的關(guān)注”，文中關(guān)注的是如何快樂工作；C選項“指出工作培訓(xùn)的重要性”文中沒有提到。