專八語言學(xué)試題一1.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof__________.A.aparticularlanguageB.theEnglishlanguageC.humanlanguagesingeneralD.thesystemofaparticularlanguage2.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:__________.A.voiceless,bilabial,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,fricativeC.voiced,bilabial,stopD.voiced,labiodental,fricative3.Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n)__________.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform4.Inthephrasestructurerule"S→NPVP",thearrowcanbereadas__________.A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates5."Iboughtsomeroses"__________"Iboughtsomeflowers".A.entailsB.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith6.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.X:WhowasthatyouwerewithlastnightY:DidyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocksA.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner7.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,__________,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utterances8.Inaspeechcommunitypeoplehavesomethingincommon__________alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit.A.sociallyB.linguisticallyC.culturallyD.pragmatically9.Whichofthemajormentalfunctionslistedbelowisnotunderthecontrolofthelefthemisphereinmostpeople__________.A.languageandspeechB.visualandspatialskillsC.readingandwritingD.analyticreasoning10.Ingeneral,the__________stagebeginsroughlyinthesecondhalfofthechild'ssecondyear.A.babblingB.one-wordC.two-wordD.multiword答案：專八語言學(xué)試題二famousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“namewouldsmellassweet’wellillustrates_______.()conventionalnatureoflanguageRomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyothercreativenatureoflanguageuniversalityoflanguagebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunicationthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.()sentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula"S→NPVP".()diagramisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.()ConditionConditionParameteranalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.toSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.()term_______parativewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm.+firstname+titlealonename+lastname+titleandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"_______".()thoughtthoughtthoughtthoughtofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition_______.()acquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse答案專八語言學(xué)試題三modernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC.descriptiveD.psycholinguisticallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcordsmorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa(n)___.A.boundmorphemeB.boundformC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A.coordinatorB.particleC.prepositionD.subordinator5."CanIborrowyourbike"___"Youhaveabike."A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposesbranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.A.semanticsB.pragmaticsC.sociolinguisticsD.psycholinguisticschangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization.A.elaborationB.simplificationC.externalborrowingD.internalborrowingreferstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.A.LinguafrancaB.CreoleC.PidginD.Standardlanguage,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,___.A.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrusB.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortexC.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneuronsD.Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sareatoKrashen,___referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A.learningB.competenceC.performanceD.acquisition答案專八語言學(xué)試題四pairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are___.()oppositesoppositesdiscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar.()GrimmRaskBoppWilliamJoneslinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.()tobefearedfastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.()'saphasiclinguisticdeprivationdamageontheangulargyrus'saphasicSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“l(fā)ight”.Thisshows:.()cannotpronounce/n/interferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethoddonotliketopronouncenasalsoundswordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__worD.()polysemoussynonymousabnormalmultiplefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit”is__.()mostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.()withthewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.()geographysemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas__.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案專八語言學(xué)試題五Tickoffthecorrectorthebestpossibleanswers:1Oneofthepropertiesoflanguageisthatalanguageusercanunderstandandproducesentenceshe/shehasneverheardbefore.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled________.A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitraryKey:B2The______functionreferstothefactthatlanguagecanbeusedforestablishingafavorableatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontactratherthanforexchanginginformationorideas.A.phaticB.directiveC.evocativeD.performativeKey:A3Fromafunctionalapproach,the_______meaningofalanguageuseconsistsofwhatiscommunicatedofthefeelingsandattitudesofthespeaker/writer.A.affectiveB.associativeC.stylisticD.collocativeKey:A4When-ingin'gangling'isremovedtogetaverb'gangle',wecallthiswayofcreatingwords________.A.suffixationB.back-formationC.blendingD.acronymyKey:B5______referstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginningstopositionsofimportance.A.DegradationB.SpecializationC.ElevationD.ExtensionKey:C6Asweknow,everyspeakerhashisownpetwordsandexpressionsandspecialwayofexpressinghisideasinlanguage.Thislanguagevarietyofindividualusersiscalled______.A.idiolectB.regionaldialectC.temporaldialectD.socialdialectKey:A7Whenpitch,stressandlengthvariationsaretiedtothesentenceratherthantotheword,theyarecollectivelyknownas________.A.intonationB.toneC.phonemeD.sentencestressKey:A8_______referstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofanadjacentsounD.A.AdditionofsoundB.LossofsoundC.MetathesisD.AssimilationKey:D9Basically,allthelanguagesintheworldcanbeclassifiedintermsoflanguagefamily.VietnameseandKoreanaretwolanguagesinthe______family.A.Indo-EuropeanB.Sino-TibetanC.Hamito-SemiticD.Malayo-PolynesianKey:B10A_______istheminimalcontrastiveunitinthewritingsystemofalanguage.A.morphemeB.phonemeC.graphemeD.letterKey:C11Allmono-morphemicwordsareconstitutedbyfreemorphemes,andthosepoly-morphemicwordswhichconsistwhollyoffreemorphemesarecalled_________.A.hyponymsB.compoundsC.blendsD.allomorphsKey:B12Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclasseswhichstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanothershallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategoryorcategoriesiscalled_______.A.concordB.governmentC.recursivenessD.cohesionKey:A13.Theformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled_____.A.blendingB.clippingC.acronymyD.compoundingKey:A14.Thedistinctionof'linguisticpotential'and'actuallinguisticbehavior'isproposedby_______.A.N.ChomskyB.F.deSaussureC.M.A.HallidayD.J.AustinKey:C15.Thewordmeaninggiveninthedictionaryiscalled_____meaning.A.denotativeB.connotativeC.collectiveD.stylisticKey:A16.Whenweconsiderthevariationrelatingtowhatauseristryingtodowithlanguage,wearedealingwithaddresseerelationship-continuallycategorizedas"______".A.tenorofdiscourseB.modeofdiscourseC.fieldofdiscourseD.idiolectKey:A17.Accordingtowords'structures,Turkishisatypical______language.A.isolatingB.fusionalC.analyticD.agglutinativeKey:D18.______refertothefactthatonetypeofutteranceistypicallyfollowedbyaspecialtypeofutterance.A.MinimalpairsB.IllocutionaryactsC.SocialdialectsD.AdjacencypairsKey:D19.Therelationbetween"dead"and"alive"islabeledas________.A.gradabilityB.complementarityC.hyponymyD.homonymyKey:B20.Thewords"encore"and"aupair"areloanwordsfrom_______.A.FrenchB.GermanC.ItalianD.SpanishKey:A21.Thedistinctionoflangueandparoleisproposedby______.a.N.ChomskyB.F.deSaussureC.M.A.HallidayD.J.AustinKey:b22Whichofthefollowingistheexceptiontothefeatureofarbitrarinessoflanguagea.nativeEnglishwordsB.borrowedwordsC.echoicwordsD.one-syllablewordsKey:c23Whichofthefollowingfeaturecannotbeusedtodescribethephone[s]a.voicelessB.oralC.alveolarD.lateralKey:d24Intermsofplaceofarticulation,thetwoconsonants[f],[v]are________.a.dentalB.alveolarC.palatalD.labiodentalKey:d25Intermsofmannerofarticulation,thesounds[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]are________.a.affricatesB.fricativesC.bilabialD.oralstopsKey:d26WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutallophoneisNOTcorrecta.AllophonesaredifferentformsofthesamephonemeB.Allophonesofthesamephonemeareincomplementarydistribution.C.Allophonesdistinguishmeaning.D.AllophonesarelanguagespecifiC.Key:c27Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotafreemorphemea.ableB.petC.changeD.dustyKey:d28Howmanymorphemesarethereintheworddischargeda.2B.3C.4D.5Key:b29Whichofthefollowingwordsismadeupofboundmorphemesonlya.happinessB.televisionC.ecologyD.teacherKey:c30.Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextbyteachingandlearningratherthanbyinstinct.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled_____.erchangeabilityB.productivityC.culturaltransmissionD.arbitrarinessKey:c31ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splayRomeoandJuliet'Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet'wellillustrates_______.A.theconventionalnatureoflanguageB.thecreativenatureoflanguageC.theuniversalityoflanguageD.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunicationKey:A32Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbkKey:A33ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPcanbeshownina_______formula"S→NPVP".A.hierarchicalB.linearC.treediagramD.verticalKey:B34Itisthe_______onCaseassignmentthatstatesthataCaseassignorandaCaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.A.CaseConditionB.CaseParameterC.AdjacentConditionD.AdjacentParameterKey:C35.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze_______meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentenceKey:D36.AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled_______.A.commisivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declarativesKey:A37.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeKey:B38.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,_______,andkinterm.A.title+firstnameB.title+titleC.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+titleKey:C39.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.Whenlanguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocalspeech,"andspeechas"_______".A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthoughtC.covertthoughtD.overtthoughtKey:DofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisitionA.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation.B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings.C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage.D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse.Key:A41.Thewords"kowtow"and"tea"areloanwordsfrom_______.A.ChineseB.GermanC.ItalianD.SpanishKey:A42.Theterm_______linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeKey:B43.Theformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotheriscalled_____.A.blendingB.clippingC.acronymyD.compoundingKey:A44.Accordingtowords'structures,Latinisatypical______language.A.isolatingB.fusionalC.analyticD.agglutinativeKey:B45.Therelationbetween"animal"and"lamb"islabeledas________.A.gradabilityB.complementarityC.hyponymyD.homonymyKey:C46.Oneofthepropertyoflanguageisthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningandsounds.Thispropertyoflanguageiscalled________.A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrarinessKey:D47.The________functionreferstotheuseoflanguagetocreatecertainfeelingsinthehearer.A.phaticB.directiveC.evocativeD.performativeKey:A48.The_______meaningofawordconsistsoftheassociationsitacquiresonaccountofthemeaningsofwordswhichtendtooccurinitsenvironment.A.associativeB.affectiveC.stylisticD.collocativeKey:D49.When-orineditorisremovedtogetaverbedit,w