動(dòng)詞用法時(shí)態(tài)：高考常見的時(shí)態(tài)：高考常見的8種時(shí)態(tài)。關(guān)鍵記憶構(gòu)成不同時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語（如last,yesterday用一般過去式）主動(dòng)語態(tài)常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成語態(tài)常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成語態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞得被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)（bedone）非謂語動(dòng)詞得被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般語氣（陳述語氣）一般語氣（陳述語氣）=常見時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成感嘆句（感嘆名詞、形容詞感嘆句（感嘆名詞、形容詞）Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+從句語氣語氣助動(dòng)詞（相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)）+助動(dòng)詞（相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)）+動(dòng)詞原形Idocareaboutyourfeeling.(我的確在乎你的感受)強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句倒裝句倒裝句If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一堅(jiān)持；二命令；三建議；四要求；外加一堅(jiān)持；二命令；三建議；四要求；外加recommend,urgeurge特殊句式中虛擬語氣如何變化謂語動(dòng)詞特殊句式中虛擬語氣如何變化謂語動(dòng)詞todotodo：目的，將來主語，賓語，定語，表語，狀語，補(bǔ)語doing:doing:主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行主語，賓語，定語，表語，狀語，補(bǔ)語非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞done:done:被動(dòng)，過去完成表語，定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語引言：英語中語氣、語態(tài)的變化都是通過動(dòng)詞變形實(shí)現(xiàn)的，所以掌握動(dòng)詞的變形舉足輕重。切記：要把示意動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語和非謂語動(dòng)詞要分開，非謂語顧名思義已經(jīng)不是謂語動(dòng)詞了，所以它的用法和變形與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是不一樣的！記住：記?。簍odo:目的，將來，具體行為doing：主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行，一般行為done:被動(dòng)，完成，過去非謂語類型不定式(todo)目的，將來動(dòng)名詞（現(xiàn)在分詞）（doing）主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行過去分詞（done）過去，完成充當(dāng)句子成分主語，賓語，定語，表語，狀語，補(bǔ)語主語，賓語，定語，表語，狀語，補(bǔ)語定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語,表語一般式todo/tobedone(被動(dòng))doing/beingdone(被動(dòng))done完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendonehavingdone/havingbeendone(被動(dòng))否定式NottodoNotdoingNotdone非謂語動(dòng)詞（todo,doing,done）句中充當(dāng)?shù)贸煞忠约白冃危▌?wù)必牢記）：下面我們分門別類的討論不同結(jié)構(gòu)及用法：作主語動(dòng)名詞（doing）作主語Readingisanart.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。改錯(cuò)：PlayTaijibenefitsourhealth.PlayingTaijibenefitsourhealth.（動(dòng)詞原形不能直接作主語，做主語要把動(dòng)詞名詞化，變成doing或todo）Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反對(duì)也沒有用。

Itisagreatfunplayingfootball．打籃球很有趣。

Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。動(dòng)名詞（doing）thechildrenplayingthepark(thechildrenwhoareplayingthepark)后置定語（本質(zhì)上是省略了引導(dǎo)詞過去分詞（done）abookwrittenin17C和系動(dòng)詞的定語從句）(abookwhichiswrittenin17C)動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)abuildingtobebuiltnextmonth(abuildingwhichistobebuiltnextmonth)作狀語作-引導(dǎo)狀語從句第一類：兩動(dòng)作由同一主語發(fā)出，把前面動(dòng)作處理成分詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句。現(xiàn)在分詞doing表示時(shí)間，原因，讓步等狀語。與主語是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行。1.Beingsick,hedidn’tgotowork.（原因狀語）2.Havingnomoney,IborrowedsomefromJohan.（原因狀語）3.TheIraqWarwentonformonths,killingalotofordinarypeople.（結(jié)果狀語）4.Seeingfromthetopoftower,IsawabeautifulcityofParis.（時(shí)間狀語）5.Walkingalongthebank,Imetafriend.（時(shí)間狀語）6.Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.（伴隨狀語）過去分詞done表示時(shí)間，讓步等狀語。與主語是被動(dòng)完成(過去)。1.Givenanotherchance,I’msureIwillbesuccessful.2.Seenfromthetopofthetower,Parislooksreallybeautiful.3.Followedbyadog,theoldmanoftentakesawalkinthepark.動(dòng)詞不定式todo表示目的，將來狀語作狀語。與主語是目的將來。1.Tofinishthejobontime,Ihavetohurrymysteps.2.Toreachtheairporttoseemysisteroff,Ihavetotakealift.第二類：前后句意不是同一個(gè)邏輯主語時(shí)，把前面表示時(shí)間、問題、天氣、事物的名詞或代詞后的動(dòng)詞處理成分詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句：分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1.Theproblemsolved,hewentbackhome.(問題被解決)2.Timepermitting,wewillgooutingthisweekend.（時(shí)間允許）3.Thereporthavingbeenread,alivelydiscussionbegan.（報(bào)告被讀完）作補(bǔ)語動(dòng)名詞(doing)作補(bǔ)語主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行doing作賓補(bǔ)和前面的賓語其實(shí)形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.用doing形式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：感官動(dòng)詞：see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento,等。Iseehimstealingmoneyfromthewomen.Canyousmellanythingburning?注意：感官動(dòng)詞+賓語+doing動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行do（原形）動(dòng)作完成weheardthetelephonering.weheardthetelephoneringing.使役性動(dòng)詞：have,set,keep,get,catch,leave,let,makeIwon’thaveyoudoingthat.我不能容忍你那么做。I’msorrytohavekeepyouwaiting.動(dòng)詞不定式(todo)作賓補(bǔ)目的，將來1）“動(dòng)詞+賓語+（not）todo…”，這類動(dòng)詞有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。2）“動(dòng)詞+賓語+tobe…”，這類動(dòng)詞有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。Iknowhimtobealiar.Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.3）“動(dòng)詞+賓語+do…”,這類動(dòng)詞有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。還有兩個(gè)詞組：listento，lookat.例如：Shewon'tletmedoit.Iheardherlockthedoor.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.注意:這類句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不定式前加to。例如：Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美國(guó)人不加to時(shí)較多)，但被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要加to。例如：I'llhelpyou(to)pushthecart.被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.4）“動(dòng)詞+介詞短語+todo”Idependonyoutodoit.Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.此類動(dòng)詞還有：shouttosb.todo，callonsb.todo，countonsb.todo，dependonsb.todo，waitforsb.todo等。練習(xí)：1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.(1988全國(guó))A.grow

B.grew

C.wasgrowing

D.togrow2.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003北京)A.don'tmake

B.notmake

C.notmaking

D.nottomake3.Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(2004北京)A.formetaking

B.metaking

C.formetotake

D.metotake4.Thefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004上海)A.causing

B.beingcaused

C.tobecaused

D.tohavecaused5.-IsBobstillperforming？-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(2005江蘇)A.tohaveleft

B.toleave

C.tohavebeenleft

D.tobeleft6.Themotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(2006上海)A.grow

B.grown

C.togrow

D.tohavegrown7.Energydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(2006上海)A.tomake

B.tobemade

C.tohavebeenmade

D.tobemaking過去分詞(done)作賓補(bǔ)被動(dòng)，過去（1）表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)_感官_動(dòng)詞，如：see,hear,watch,feel,think,find,notice,listentoA.Ifindmymoneystolen.B.Hewatchedtheballoonblownaway.C.Hewasabouttoenterthehallwhenheheardhisnamecalled.歸納：see,watch,hear,notice等感官動(dòng)詞用于下列句型的區(qū)別：seesb.doing：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行seesb.do：表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程seesth.done：表示被動(dòng)或完成。4.Isawhim__________thewindow.Isawthewindow___________.A.openB.openingC.opened(2)表示_“致使”意義的使役性動(dòng)詞，如：_make,get,have,help