Part1單元詞匯…………分類(lèi)自測(cè)閱讀詞匯——語(yǔ)境識(shí)意1.arelaxationsession放松一段時(shí)間2.dissolvequickly迅速溶解3.soilnutrients土壤養(yǎng)分4.ahandwrittenpostscript一段手寫(xiě)體附言5.thecriterionforthesurvival生存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)6.waterandsoilerosion水土流失7.acomputervirus一種電腦病毒8.immunitysystem免疫系統(tǒng)9.collapseduetotheheavysnow由于厚重的雪倒坍10.coexistwiththenature與自然共存11.thehalfwaystage中間階段12.temperaturevariation溫度變化13.helpstudentsthrive幫助學(xué)生們茁壯成長(zhǎng)14.abigappetite胃口很好15.greenvegetation綠色植物16.flyatahighaltitude在高海拔飛行17.culturalheritage文化遺產(chǎn)18.habitatdestruction棲息地破壞19.substantialdonations大量的捐贈(zèng)拓展詞匯——變形拼寫(xiě)第一組：動(dòng)詞變形1.comparev．比較，對(duì)比→comparisonn．比較2.greetv．歡迎；打招呼→greetingn．問(wèn)候，招呼3.conservev．保護(hù)，保存→conservationn．保護(hù)→conservativeadj.保守的4.endangerv．危害；使遭危險(xiǎn)→endangeredadj.瀕臨滅絕的→dangern．危險(xiǎn)；危害→dangerousadj.有危險(xiǎn)的；不安全的5.departv．離開(kāi)；起程→departuren．離開(kāi)6.varyv．變化；不同→variationn．差異；變化→varietyn．不同種類(lèi)；變化→variousadj.各種各樣的7.existv．存在→existencen．存在→existingadj.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的→coexistv．共存，共處8.explodev．突然增加→explosionn．爆炸→explosiveadj.爆炸性的9.invadev．侵略；涌入→invasionn．涌入→invadern.侵略者第二組：名詞、形容詞變形10.visualadj.視覺(jué)的→visuallyadv.看得見(jiàn)地→visualizev．使形象化；想象11.nutrientn．養(yǎng)分，營(yíng)養(yǎng)物→nutritiousadj.有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的；營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的→nutritionn．營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)12.draman．戲劇→dramaticadj.戲劇性的→dramaticallyadv.顯著地13.mysteryn．神秘的事情→mysteriousadj.神秘的14.apparentadj.顯而易見(jiàn)的→apparentlyadv.據(jù)說(shuō)；看來(lái)，似乎15.multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→multiplyv.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增16.rareadj.稀有的，罕見(jiàn)的→rarelyadv.罕有；很少17.secureadj.安全的；穩(wěn)固的→securityn．保護(hù)措施；保證→securelyadv.安全地18.subsequentadj.后來(lái)的，隨后的→subsequentlyadv.后來(lái)，隨后19.substantialadj.大量的，多的→substantiallyadv.非常；基本上學(xué)生用書(shū)第216頁(yè)eq\a\vs4\al()形容詞后綴-y表示天氣、環(huán)境、特點(diǎn)等。①mist薄霧→misty有霧的②wind風(fēng)→windy有風(fēng)的③rain雨→rainy下雨的④fog霧→foggy有霧的⑤cloud云→cloudy多云的⑥dirt泥土→dirty臟的⑦h(yuǎn)and手→handy便利的⑧thirst口渴→thirsty口渴的⑨health健康→healthy健康的⑩dust灰塵→dusty布滿(mǎn)灰塵的核心詞匯——單句應(yīng)用1.(2024·浙江1月卷)IfIevergettrapped(trap)outsidemyhouseagain，mylocaltelephoneboxwill，sadly，nolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)ItoucheddowninViennajust30minutesbeforethedeparture(depart)ofthelastbustoPrague.3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangered(endanger)speciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Allcampsessions(session)arecreatedwithage-appropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.5.(2023·浙江1月卷)Iparkedmycaroutsidethefarmandwalkedpastamilkinghousewhichhadapparently(apparent)notbeenusedinmanyyears.6.Ifabuildingorotherstructurecollapses(collapse)，itfallsdownverysuddenly.7.Thespeciesofbirdisdecreasing(decrease)innumberseveryyear.8.Wehopethatthetreehehasplantedthrives(thrive)welltoprovideprotectiontohisfamily.9.Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparture(depart)times，notarrivaltimes.10.Whenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultiplied(multiple)likecrazy.11.Thedramahasaninterestingplotandadramaticending.(drama)12.Thiskindofflowerisrare，andrarelydoIseeit.(rare)13.Don'tcompareyourdisadvantageswithhisadvantages.Comparedwithhim，youaremoreeasy-going.Bycomparison，Ithinkmorepeoplewillbewillingtomakefriendswithyou.(compare)14.Somenaturalmysteriesoftheancienttimesarestillmysterioustopeopletoday.(mystery)15.HedrovesofastthatIreallyfeltmylifewasindanger．SoItoldhimdrivingfastwasdangerousandifhedidn'tslowdown，hewouldendangerourlives.(danger)Part2短語(yǔ)句式……………教材精選Ⅰ.選擇合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空owe...to...，developanappetitefor，beintroducedto，orso，turnout，breakdown，onbehalfof，participatein，dieout，coexistwith，onceandforall，preyon，remove...from...，outofcontrol，takein，inconsequence，feedon，onandon，asubstantialnumberof，failto1．Manytraditionallanguagesaredyingoutbecauseyoungerpeopledon'tspeakthemanymore.2．Theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.3．Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies，newmonkey，newspider...，andonandontheyappear.學(xué)生用書(shū)第217頁(yè)4．Thiswaspaybacktime.I'veprovedonceandforallIcanbecomechampion.5．Onbehalfofallthevillagers，I'dliketoexpressourheartfeltthankstoallofyouforyoursupport.6．Therearesomethingsinlifethatareoutofcontrol，liketheweatheroraflightthatistwohourslate.7．Hewasverycareless.Inconsequence,hefailedthefinalexamlasttime.8．Inthelongrun，technologycanhelpmakeeconomicdevelopmentcoexistwithconservationoftheenvironment.9．Iowemysuccesstothesupportofmyfamilyandfriendsovertheyears.10．IfelthetreatedmeasthoughIwouldholdhimbackandprobablymakehimfailtogetanAinthecourse.Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)和要求完成下面的句子1．他很緊張，總是不知道自己在做什么。(what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)Hewasnervousandkeptlosingtrackofwhathewasdoing．2．他也沒(méi)有料到社區(qū)會(huì)如此熱情地歡迎他。(nor置于句首引起的部分倒裝)Norhadheexpectedsuchawarmwelcomefromthecommunity.Part1核心詞匯……………多維練透trap(教材義)n．夾子，陷阱；(補(bǔ)充義)n．圈套；牢籠，困境v．設(shè)陷阱捕捉；使陷入圈套；誘捕；把……困在，使陷于(尤指危險(xiǎn)之地)(1)trapsbinto(doing)sth使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中計(jì)(2)be/gettrappedin...被困在……中(3)fallintothetrapofdoingsth落入做某事的圈套①Thelightaircraftthenoverturned，trapping(trap)bothmen.②Thetravelertrapped(trap)inthelonelyislandsurvivedonthefishcaughtinthesea.③[應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之求助信]我讀英語(yǔ)時(shí)，經(jīng)常被一些不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞難住，所以您能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？I'moftentrappedinsomenewwordswhenreadingEnglish.Socouldyoupleasedomeafavor?④(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattraps(trap)theyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.owe(教材義)v．應(yīng)該做；對(duì)……負(fù)有……的義務(wù)；(補(bǔ)充義)v．欠(錢(qián))；欠(人情)，應(yīng)該感激；歸因于，歸功于(1)owesbsth＝owesthtosb欠某人某物(2)owe...to...把……歸功于……(3)oweittosbthat...多虧某人……(4)owingto因?yàn)?；由于①Bernardowedittothekindfamilythathecouldearnsomemoneytohelpsupporthispoorfamily.②[應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之人物描寫(xiě)]當(dāng)被問(wèn)到他成功的秘訣時(shí)，這位偉大的科學(xué)家說(shuō)他的成功和幸福很大程度上要?dú)w功于他對(duì)祖國(guó)和家人深深的愛(ài)。Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess，thisgreatscientistsaidthatheowedmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohisdeeploveforthecountryandhisfamily.③[中國(guó)元素]由于其豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)和多樣的景觀，中國(guó)已成為越來(lái)越受世界各地游客歡迎的目的地。Owingtoitsrichculturalheritageanddiverselandscapes，Chinahasbecomeanincreasinglypopulardestinationfortouristsfromaroundtheworld.學(xué)生用書(shū)第218頁(yè)P(yáng)art2經(jīng)典句式……………寫(xiě)作遷移句型公式：what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(1)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。(2)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，可表示“……的事情或東西；……的樣子；所……的地方”等。(3)that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。①(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thatway，youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.②[讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之主旨升華句]決心和堅(jiān)持是你征服恐懼和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所需要的。Determinationandperseverancearewhatittakestoconqueryourfearandaccomplishyourgoal.③(2024·浙江1月卷)幾分鐘前對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)似乎是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了。Whathadseemedtobeachallengingtasktoherminutesbeforewasnowaccomplished.④(2024·九省聯(lián)考讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))經(jīng)過(guò)昨天的事，希爾達(dá)知道她在做什么。Afterwhathappenedyesterday，Hildaknewwhatshewasdoing．Part3語(yǔ)境辨義……………舉一反三Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫(xiě)出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語(yǔ)意思)1．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)？v.吸收2．Ifyoumultiply7by15youget105.v.乘，乘以3．Inwarmweatherthesegermsmultiplyrapidly.v.繁殖4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.n.會(huì)議5．Afterwards，sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner，whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct—CanCandy.v.(尤指經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得，取得6．Therehasbeenamoveawayfromnuclearenergy.n.轉(zhuǎn)變7．Butthecaptain'scourage,perseverance,andpowerfulwillmasteredeverymanonboard,andwewenttoworkagain.n.意志8．Thegovernmentisaccusedofrattingonitspromisestotheunemployed.v.背棄做某事的諾言9．Manyyearslater,IwasgoingtoEuropeononeofthefinestshipsthateverploughedthewatersoftheAtlantic.v.破浪前行Ⅱ.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)1．a(chǎn)ppetiteA．n.食欲，胃口 B．n.需求C．n.強(qiáng)烈欲望 D．n.愛(ài)好，興趣①Hisappetiteforknowledgeseemedinsatiable.C②Shehasagoodappetiteandenjoysthreelargemealsaday.A③Thereisanincreasingappetitefororganicfoodinthemarket.B2．explodeA．v.爆炸，爆裂 B．v.激增C．v.突然爆發(fā) D．v.推翻①Thepopulationinthecityhasexplodedinthepastdecade.B②Theprotestersexplodedinangerwhentheyheardthenews.C③Thebombexploded，causingmassivedamagetothebuilding.A學(xué)生用書(shū)第219頁(yè)Ⅰ.語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)境綜合練(語(yǔ)境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)Inadelicateworld，balanceiscrucial.Whenspecies'populationsdecrease，it1.dramatically(dramatic)affectstheecosystem.Forexample，thecollapseofbeecoloniesleadstofewerflowersbeingpollinated.This，inturn，hasmultipliedtheproblemsforplantsthatdependonbees.2．Subsequently(subsequent)，humanshadtostepinwithinterventiontotryandrestorebalance.3.Conservation(conserve)effortsweremadeonbehalfofendangeredspecies.Despitegoodintentions，noteverythingwentasplanned.Therewere4.incidents(incident)causedbytrapssettocaptureanimalsforresearch.Somesubsequentlyescaped，creatingasmall5.explosion(explode)inlocalpopulations.In6.comparison(compare)toothercrises，themysteryofwhysuchproblems7.apparently(apparent)occuriscomplex.Weoweit8.tofuturegenerationstosolvetheseissues.Researchershaveshownthat9.variation(vary)inwildlifehabitsaffectsthewholeplanet.It'slikeachainreaction；onedeparturecanleadtoanothercollapse.Securelyfixingtheseproblemsrequiresglobalattention.Often，asimple10.greeting(greet)fromoneconcernedpersoncandramaticallyleadtolargerconservationefforts.Everyonesharestheappetitetoprotectourworld，butit'sataskthatdemandseveryoneworktogether.Ⅱ.真題難句拓展練(剖析長(zhǎng)句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)1．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Iguessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmothersuchanamazingpersontotalkto：herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbookscomealive.[剖析]本句為主從復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Iguess...。后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句，省略引導(dǎo)詞that。從句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；冒號(hào)后面是對(duì)前面的anamazingperson起解釋說(shuō)明作用。[翻譯]我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個(gè)交談時(shí)令人驚嘆的人：她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書(shū)鮮活起來(lái)。2．(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven'tbeenseeninacenturyormore，they'reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.[剖析]本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)they're...beingsighted...。As引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾places。[翻譯]隨著灰熊的活動(dòng)范圍擴(kuò)大到一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)從未出現(xiàn)過(guò)的地方，它們?cè)絹?lái)越多地被人類(lèi)看到。3．(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego，thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.[剖析]本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)shediscovered...，其后為省略that的賓語(yǔ)從句；賓語(yǔ)從句中g(shù)oingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego為動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾ships；最后的thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland是同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明TierradelFuego。本句使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)inChile。[翻譯]正是在智利她發(fā)現(xiàn)她可以獲得從火地島即南美大陸的最南端開(kāi)往南極洲的最后一刻的低價(jià)船票。學(xué)生用書(shū)第220頁(yè)Ⅰ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作增分練——大自然(保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物)結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作并背誦。[基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)料]單元詞匯endangered，criterion，coexist;owingto，dieout，inharmonywith，respondto，onbehalfof句經(jīng)典型thereisnodoubtthat句型；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；“only＋狀語(yǔ)”倒裝句[情境呈現(xiàn)]假定你是李華，畢業(yè)在即，你校英文報(bào)舉辦了以“Protectingwildanimals”為主題的征文活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇英文短文投稿，分享你的想法。[思路點(diǎn)撥]人稱(chēng)以第三人稱(chēng)為主時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)線索第一段引出主題(很多野生動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕)→第二段談?wù)撜J(rèn)識(shí)和想法→結(jié)尾總結(jié)[寫(xiě)作輸出]Protectingwildanimals(1)Thereisnodoubtthatmanyendangeredwildanimalsaredyingoutowingtohumanactivities(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，由于人類(lèi)活動(dòng)，許多瀕臨滅絕的野生動(dòng)物正在滅絕；endanger，dieout，owingto;thereisnodoubtthat句型).(2)Asisknowntous，tobekindtoanimalsistobekindtoyourself，someasuresofthefollowingshouldbetaken(正如我們所知，善待動(dòng)物就是善待自己，所以我們應(yīng)該采取以下措施；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句).Firstofall，thegovernmentshouldsetcriteriatoreduceenvironmentalpollution，andcrackdownoncriminalactivitiessuchasillegalhuntingofwildanimals.(3)Secondly，inordertobeinharmonywithnature，wildlifereservesshouldbeestablishedandmonitored(其次，為了與自然和諧相處，應(yīng)該建立野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)并對(duì)其進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)；inharmonywith).Additionally，schoolsshouldactivelyrespondtoandsupportthenationalcall，increasepublicityefforts，andraisestudents'awarenessofwildlifeprotection.(4)Onlybymakingcontributionstowardsprotectingwildanimalscanwecoexistwithnature(只有為保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物做出貢獻(xiàn)，我們才能與自然共存；coexist;“only＋狀語(yǔ)”倒裝句).[變式表達(dá)]根據(jù)提示完成句子并保持與句(1)意義一致。Thereisnodenying(thefact)that(不可否認(rèn))humanactionshaveledtothedeclineandextinctionofnumerousspeciesofwildlife(造成了無(wú)數(shù)野生物種的減少和滅絕).Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)微點(diǎn)練——大海里游泳遇險(xiǎn)(多種“說(shuō)”法)[基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)料]詞匯whisper低語(yǔ)add補(bǔ)充說(shuō)continue繼續(xù)說(shuō)shout大喊murmur低語(yǔ)exclaim呼喊scream驚叫chat閑聊speakup大聲說(shuō)talkover討論speakout發(fā)言ina．..voice以……的聲音句式holding動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)；before引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句學(xué)生用書(shū)第221頁(yè)細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)1.Weneedtotalkovertheplanbeforeweproceed.我們需要在繼續(xù)之前討論一下計(jì)劃。2.Hedecidedtospeakoutagainsttheinjustice.他決定站出來(lái)反對(duì)不公正。3.Sheexclaimedwithjoywhenshesawthegift.她看到禮物時(shí)高興地呼喊。4.Theteachershoutedtobeheardoverthenoise.老師為了蓋過(guò)噪音而大聲喊叫。5.Shewhisperedsweetnothingsintohisear.她在他耳邊低聲細(xì)語(yǔ)著甜言蜜語(yǔ)。[情境呈現(xiàn)](2025·河南測(cè)試卷·讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))主人公和哥哥去了一個(gè)因強(qiáng)水流而很少去的海灘→主人公在海里游泳，享受海浪→游得太遠(yuǎn)后，主人公試圖返回海灘，但無(wú)法前進(jìn)→感到疲倦和恐慌，主人公最終呼救→……[思路點(diǎn)撥]文體：記敘文人稱(chēng)：第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主續(xù)寫(xiě)思路：根據(jù)所給句子IbegantothinkImightdrownoutthere.可知，接下來(lái)要寫(xiě)主人公的絕望感和對(duì)可能溺水的恐懼，或者繼續(xù)描述主人公的求生掙扎和心理活動(dòng)。[寫(xiě)作輸出]IbegantothinkImightdrownoutthere.(1)Justthenastrangerswamovertome(就在這時(shí)，一個(gè)陌生人游到我跟前).(2)Withthelasthope，Igatheredallmystrengthtocryout“Help”(帶著最后的希望，我聚集了所有的力量呼喊“救命”).(3)Suddenlyahugewavehitmeanddrownedmycry(突然一個(gè)巨浪打在我身上，淹沒(méi)了我的叫喊聲).Ichokedonabigswallowofsaltywaterandfeltterrible.(4)Fortunately，myangelwasswiftlyapproachingme，holdingmetightlywithhisstrongarm(幸運(yùn)的是，我的天使迅速接近我，用他強(qiáng)壯的手臂緊緊地抱住了我；holding動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)).(5)MybasicknowledgeremindedmetostayrelaxedbeforeIfellintoaworldofdarkness(我的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)提醒我要保持放松以免陷入黑暗世界喪失意識(shí)；before引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句).[變式表達(dá)]用asif結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)句(1)，以使更加形象生動(dòng)。Justthenastrangeremergedasifbymagic，swimmingtowardsmewithallhismight．單元測(cè)評(píng)29Unit5Adelicateworldeq\a\vs4\al(\f(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生,用書(shū)P415))(時(shí)間：30分鐘滿(mǎn)分：32.5分)(本欄目?jī)?nèi)容在學(xué)生用書(shū)中以活頁(yè)形式分冊(cè)裝訂！)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(本題共8個(gè)小題，每小題2.5分，共20分)A(2024·湖南高教聯(lián)高三二模)TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters'successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼澤)habitat.ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California'scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinreoccupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.“Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature，”saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.“Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了加州海獺的數(shù)量回升，對(duì)減少沿海海岸線侵蝕、維護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境平衡起到了重要作用。1．Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?A．Fewerpredatorycrabs.B．Morecoastalplantlife.C．Betterwater-cleaningeffect.D．Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.”可知，ElkhornSlough沿岸的沼澤遭受?chē)?yán)重破壞的根本原因是濱蟹數(shù)量的增加。這些蟹以沼澤植物為食，因此削弱了棲息地的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.”可知，海獺對(duì)濱蟹有制衡作用。由此可推知，海獺的消失導(dǎo)致了沿海生態(tài)平衡的惡化。故選D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resurgence”inParagraph3mean?A．Barrier. B．Advancement.C．Expansion. D．Revival.答案：D解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文中的“Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.”可知，因?yàn)楹＋H以濱蟹為食，從而有助于植物的再生。畫(huà)線詞resurgence意為“復(fù)蘇”，D項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線詞意相近。故選D。3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.B．Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.C．Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.D．Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.‘Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.’”可推知，作者引用科學(xué)家LekeliaJenkins的話是為了展示海獺(對(duì)人類(lèi))的實(shí)際益處(比如減少洪水災(zāi)害)。故選C。4．Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters'impact?A．Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章通過(guò)說(shuō)明海獺對(duì)沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響，傳遞出“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的相互關(guān)聯(lián)性”這一信息。故選B。B(2025·青島高三檢測(cè))AnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas”—eaglesdon'thuntflies—meaningthatimportantonesshouldn'tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificantmatters.ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees(金合歡樹(shù))inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentralKenya.Someoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichinturndefendthetreesagainstherbivores(食草動(dòng)物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetrees'leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe“big-headed”antisdestroyingentiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsupinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.Thisantinvasionaffectsonethingaftertheother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivores,especiallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin.“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere，”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn'ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions'changingstrategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inParagraph2mean?A．Direct. B．Discourage.C．Identify. D．Seek.答案：B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文中的“whichinturndefendthetreesagainstherbivores(食草動(dòng)物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetrees'leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivores”可知，螞蟻對(duì)金合歡樹(shù)具有保護(hù)作用。由此可知，螞蟻還釋放出可以阻止其他潛在攻擊者的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)保護(hù)金合歡樹(shù)。deter意為“阻止”，B項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線單詞意思相近。故選B。6．Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?A．Cooperatingwiththe“big-headed”ants.B．Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.C．Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores.D．Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.”可知，大象吃金合歡樹(shù)的速度是未被入侵地區(qū)的五到七倍。在尋找食物的時(shí)候，獅子沒(méi)有更多的樹(shù)可以用來(lái)躲藏。由此可知，在食物鏈中，大象破壞了獅子的藏身之處。故選B。7．Theauthormentionslions,zebrasandwaterbuffalotoshowthat．A．a(chǎn)nimalsfallvictimtobiggeronesB．theecologyisontheroadtorecoveryC．a(chǎn)nimalsarecorrelatedintheecosystemD．speciesarefirmlypositionedinthefoodchain答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“‘ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere，’．..”和最后一段中的“Thelions...aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.”可知，這些螞蟻的入侵導(dǎo)致金合歡樹(shù)被大量吃掉——這使得獅子在狩獵時(shí)失去遮蔽，并導(dǎo)致以斑馬為食的獅子轉(zhuǎn)而獵殺水牛。由此可推知，作者提到獅子、斑馬和水牛是為了說(shuō)明動(dòng)物在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。故選C。8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whatecologistsfindaboutanimals.B．WhyAfricanlionsareendangered.C．Howtinyantsaffectthewaylionshunt.D．HowthelawofthejungleworksinAfrica.答案：C解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)文章第一段中的“ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.”可知，文章主要介紹了小螞蟻是如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式的。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(本題共5個(gè)小題，每小題2.5分，共12.5分)(2024·河北高三下適應(yīng)測(cè)試)Tiredoftraditionalchlorinated(含氯的)pools?Considerasaltwaterpool,apopulartrendinrecentyears.Asaltwaterpoolisatypeofswimmingpoolthatusesasaltchlorinegeneratortoproduceitsownsupplyofchlorine.Thismeansinsteadofmanuallyaddingharsh(刺激性的)chemicalstoapool,thegeneratorchangessaltintochlorineandreleasesitintothewaterasneeded.1Theystillcontainlevelsofchlorineandotherminerals,buttheamountissignif