高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義外研版Unit5

Adelicateworld選擇性必修第二冊03隨堂鞏固深度拓展02深度學(xué)習(xí)拓展能力自主學(xué)習(xí)夯實基礎(chǔ)01內(nèi)容索引04情境遷移寫作微練05單元測評自主學(xué)習(xí)夯實基礎(chǔ)Part1單元詞匯——分類自測閱讀詞匯——語境識意1.arelaxationsession

______________2.dissolve

quickly __________3.soilnutrients

__________4.ahandwrittenpostscript

_______________5.thecriterionforthesurvival ___________6.waterandsoilerosion

_________7.acomputervirus

______________8.immunitysystem __________9.collapseduetotheheavysnow __________________10.coexistwiththenature ___________放松一段時間迅速溶解土壤養(yǎng)分一段手寫體附言生存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水土流失一種電腦病毒免疫系統(tǒng)由于厚重的雪倒坍與自然共存11.thehalfwaystage

__________12.temperaturevariation

__________13.helpstudentsthrive

____________________14.abigappetite

__________15.greenvegetation

__________16.flyatahighaltitude

______________17.culturalheritage

__________18.habitatdestruction ____________19.substantialdonations ____________中間階段溫度變化幫助學(xué)生們茁壯成長胃口很好綠色植物在高海拔飛行文化遺產(chǎn)棲息地破壞大量的捐贈拓展詞匯——變形拼寫第一組：動詞變形________v．比較，對比→__________n．比較2._____v．歡迎；打招呼→________n．問候，招呼3.________v．保護，保存→____________n．保護→____________adj.保守的comparecomparisongreetgreetingconserveconservationconservative4.________v．危害；使遭危險→__________adj.瀕臨滅絕的→______n．危險；危害→_________adj.有危險的；不安全的5.______v．離開；起程→_________n．離開6.____v．變化；不同→_________n．差異；變化→_______n．不同種類；變化→_______adj.各種各樣的endangerendangereddangerdangerousdepartdeparturevaryvariationvarietyvarious7._____v．存在→_________n．存在→________adj.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的→_______v．共存，共處8._______v．突然增加→_________n．爆炸→_________adj.爆炸性的9.______v．侵略；涌入→________n．涌入→_______n.侵略者existexistenceexistingcoexistexplodeexplosionexplosiveinvadeinvasioninvader第二組：名詞、形容詞變形10.______adj.視覺的→________adv.看得見地→_________v．使形象化；想象11.________n．養(yǎng)分，營養(yǎng)物→__________adj.有營養(yǎng)的；營養(yǎng)豐富的→_________n．營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)12.______n．戲劇→________adj.戲劇性的→____________adv.顯著地13._______n．神秘的事情→__________adj.神秘的visualvisuallyvisualizenutrientnutritiousnutritiondramadramaticdramaticallymysterymysterious14.________adj.顯而易見的→__________adv.據(jù)說；看來，似乎15.________adj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣的→________v.(使)大大增加，(使)倍增16.____adj.稀有的，罕見的→______adv.罕有；很少17.______adj.安全的；穩(wěn)固的→________n．保護措施；保證→________adv.安全地18.__________adj.后來的，隨后的→____________adv.后來，隨后19.___________adj.大量的，多的→_____________adv.非常；基本上apparentapparentlymultiplemultiplyrarerarelysecuresecurity

securelysubsequentsubsequentlysubstantialsubstantially形容詞后綴-y表示天氣、環(huán)境、特點等。①mist薄霧→misty有霧的

②wind風(fēng)→windy有風(fēng)的③rain雨→rainy下雨的

④fog霧→foggy有霧的⑤cloud云→cloudy多云的

⑥dirt泥土→dirty臟的⑦hand手→handy便利的

⑧thirst口渴→thirsty口渴的⑨health健康→healthy健康的

⑩dust灰塵→dusty布滿灰塵的

掌握規(guī)律·詞匯拓展核心詞匯——單句應(yīng)用1.(2024·浙江1月卷)IfIeverget_______(trap)outsidemyhouseagain，mylocaltelephoneboxwill，sadly，nolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.2.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)ItoucheddowninViennajust30minutesbeforethe_________(depart)ofthelastbustoPrague.3.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotecting__________(endanger)speciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Allcamp________(session)arecreatedwithage-appropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.trappeddepartureendangeredsessions5.(2023·浙江1月卷)Iparkedmycaroutsidethefarmandwalkedpastamilkinghousewhichhad__________(apparent)notbeenusedinmanyyears.6.Ifabuildingorotherstructure_________(collapse)，itfallsdownverysuddenly.7.Thespeciesofbirdis__________(decrease)innumberseveryyear.8.Wehopethatthetreehehasplanted_______(thrive)welltoprovideprotectiontohisfamily.9.Thetimeslistedontheschedulesare_________(depart)times，notarrivaltimes.10.Whenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimals__________(multiple)likecrazy.apparentlycollapsesdecreasingthrivesdeparturemultiplied11.The_____hasaninterestingplotanda________ending.(drama)12.Thiskindoffloweris____，and______doIseeit.(rare)13.Don't________yourdisadvantageswithhisadvantages._________withhim，youaremoreeasy-going.By__________，Ithinkmorepeoplewillbewillingtomakefriendswithyou.(compare)14.Somenatural_________oftheancienttimesarestill__________topeopletoday.(mystery)15.HedrovesofastthatIreallyfeltmylifewasin______．SoItoldhimdrivingfastwas_________andifhedidn'tslowdown，hewould_________ourlives.(danger)dramadramaticrarerarelycompareComparedcomparisonmysteriesmysteriousdangerdangerousendangerPart2短語句式——教材精選Ⅰ.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空1．Manytraditionallanguagesare__________becauseyoungerpeopledon'tspeakthemanymore.2．Theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhat___________tobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.3．Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies，newmonkey，newspider...，and___________theyappear.owe...to...，developanappetitefor，beintroducedto，orso，turnout，breakdown，onbehalfof，participatein，dieout，coexistwith，onceandforall，preyon，remove...from...，outofcontrol，takein，inconsequence，feedon，onandon，asubstantialnumberof，failtodyingoutturnedoutonandon4．Thiswaspaybacktime.I'veproved___________________Icanbecomechampion.5．______________allthevillagers，I'dliketoexpressourheartfeltthankstoallofyouforyoursupport.6．Therearesomethingsinlifethatare________________，liketheweatheroraflightthatistwohourslate.7．Hewasverycareless.______________,hefailedthefinalexamlasttime.owe...to...，developanappetitefor，beintroducedto，orso，turnout，breakdown，onbehalfof，participatein，dieout，coexistwith，onceandforall，preyon，remove...from...，outofcontrol，takein，inconsequence，feedon，onandon，asubstantialnumberof，failtoonceandforallOnbehalfofoutofcontrolInconsequence8．Inthelongrun，technologycanhelpmakeeconomicdevelopment____________conservationoftheenvironment.9．I_____mysuccess__thesupportofmyfamilyandfriendsovertheyears.10．IfelthetreatedmeasthoughIwouldholdhimbackandprobablymakehim________getanAinthecourse.owe...to...，developanappetitefor，beintroducedto，orso，turnout，breakdown，onbehalfof，participatein，dieout，coexistwith，onceandforall，preyon，remove...from...，outofcontrol，takein，inconsequence，feedon，onandon，asubstantialnumberof，failtocoexistwithowetofailtoⅡ.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子1．他很緊張，總是不知道自己在做什么。(what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)Hewasnervousandkeptlosingtrackof____________________．2．他也沒有料到社區(qū)會如此熱情地歡迎他。(nor置于句首引起的部分倒裝)______________________________________fromthecommunity.whathewasdoingNorhadheexpectedsuchawarmwelcome返回深度學(xué)習(xí)拓展能力Part1核心詞匯——多維練透trap

(教材義)n．夾子，陷阱；(補充義)n．圈套；牢籠，困境

v．設(shè)陷阱捕捉；使陷入圈套；誘捕；把……困在，使陷于(尤指危險之地)1巧歸納(1)trapsbinto(doing)sth

使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中計(2)be/gettrappedin... 被困在……中(3)fallintothetrapofdoingsth

落入做某事的圈套①Thelightaircraftthenoverturned，________(trap)bothmen.②Thetraveler_______(trap)inthelonelyislandsurvivedonthefishcaughtinthesea.③[應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信]

我讀英語時，經(jīng)常被一些不認識的單詞難住，所以您能幫我個忙嗎？_________________________________whenreadingEnglish.Socouldyoupleasedomeafavor?④(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhat_____(trap)theyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.trappingtrappedI'moftentrappedinsomenewwordstrapsowe

(教材義)v．應(yīng)該做；對……負有……的義務(wù)；(補充義)v．欠(錢)；欠(人情)，應(yīng)該感激；歸因于，歸功于2巧歸納(1)owesbsth＝owesthtosb

欠某人某物(2)owe...to... 把……歸功于……(3)oweittosbthat... 多虧某人……(4)owingto 因為；由于①Bernardowedit__thekindfamilythathecouldearnsomemoneytohelpsupporthispoorfamily.②[應(yīng)用文寫作之人物描寫]

當(dāng)被問到他成功的秘訣時，這位偉大的科學(xué)家說他的成功和幸福很大程度上要歸功于他對祖國和家人深深的愛。Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess，thisgreatscientistsaidthathe_______________________________________________forthecountryandhisfamily.③[中國元素]

由于其豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)和多樣的景觀，中國已成為越來越受世界各地游客歡迎的目的地。_______________________________________________，Chinahasbecomeanincreasinglypopulardestinationfortouristsfromaroundtheworld.toowedmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohisdeeploveOwingtoitsrichculturalheritageanddiverselandscapesPart2經(jīng)典句式——寫作遷移句型公式：what

引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

巧歸納(1)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語等。(2)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，可表示“……的事情或東西；……的樣子；所……的地方”等。(3)that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。①(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thatway，youcouldexchangethoughtson____makeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.②[讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華句]

決心和堅持是你征服恐懼和實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所需要的。Determinationandperseveranceare_______________toconqueryourfearandaccomplishyourgoal.③(2024·浙江1月卷)幾分鐘前對她來說似乎是一項挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了。____________________________________toherminutesbeforewasnowaccomplished.④(2024·九省聯(lián)考讀后續(xù)寫)經(jīng)過昨天的事，希爾達知道她在做什么。After_________________________，Hildaknew_____________________．whatwhatittakesWhathadseemedtobeachallengingtaskwhathappenedyesterdaywhatshewasdoingPart3語境辨義——舉一反三Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思)1．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)？_______2．Ifyoumultiply7by15youget105. ___________3．Inwarmweatherthesegermsmultiply

rapidly. _______4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions. _______5．Afterwards，sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner，whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct—CanCandy.___________________________6．Therehasbeenamoveawayfromnuclearenergy. _______v.吸收v.乘，乘以v.繁殖n.會議v.(尤指經(jīng)過努力)獲得，取得n.轉(zhuǎn)變7．Butthecaptain'scourage,perseverance,andpowerfulwillmasteredeverymanonboard,andwewenttoworkagain. _______8．Thegovernmentisaccusedofrattingonitspromisestotheunemployed.___________________9．Manyyearslater,IwasgoingtoEuropeononeofthefinestshipsthateverploughedthewatersoftheAtlantic. ___________n.意志v.背棄做某事的諾言v.破浪前行Ⅱ.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)1．a(chǎn)ppetite

①Hisappetiteforknowledgeseemedinsatiable. _____②Shehasagoodappetiteandenjoysthreelargemealsaday. _____③Thereisanincreasingappetitefororganicfoodinthemarket. _____A．n.食欲，胃口 B．n.需求C．n.強烈欲望 D．n.愛好，興趣CAB返回2．explode①Thepopulationinthecityhasexplodedinthepastdecade. _____②Theprotestersexplodedinangerwhentheyheardthenews. _____③Thebombexploded，causingmassivedamagetothebuilding. _____A．v.爆炸，爆裂 B．v.激增C．v.突然爆發(fā) D．v.推翻BCA隨堂鞏固深度拓展Ⅰ.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)

Inadelicateworld，balanceiscrucial.Whenspecies'populationsdecrease，it1.____________(dramatic)affectstheecosystem.Forexample，thecollapseofbeecoloniesleadstofewerflowersbeingpollinated.This，inturn，hasmultipliedtheproblemsforplantsthatdependonbees.

2．____________(subsequent)，humanshadtostepinwithinterventiontotryandrestorebalance.3.____________(conserve)effortsweremadeonbehalfofendangeredspecies.Despitegoodintentions，noteverythingwentasplanned.Therewere4._________(incident)causedbytrapssettocaptureanimalsforresearch.Somesubsequentlyescaped，creatingasmall5._________(explode)inlocalpopulations.dramaticallySubsequentlyConservationincidentsexplosion

In6.__________(compare)toothercrises，themysteryofwhysuchproblems7.__________(apparent)occuriscomplex.Weoweit8.__futuregenerationstosolvetheseissues.Researchershaveshownthat9._________(vary)inwildlifehabitsaffectsthewholeplanet.It'slikeachainreaction；onedeparturecanleadtoanothercollapse.

Securelyfixingtheseproblemsrequiresglobalattention.Often，asimple10.________(greet)fromoneconcernedpersoncandramaticallyleadtolargerconservationefforts.Everyonesharestheappetitetoprotectourworld，butit'sataskthatdemandseveryoneworktogether.comparisonapparentlytovariationgreetingⅡ.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)1．(2024·全國甲卷)Iguessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmygrandmothersuchanamazingpersontotalkto：herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistorytextbookscomealive.[剖析]本句為主從復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

_________。后面跟賓語從句，省略引導(dǎo)詞that。從句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what引導(dǎo)表語從句；冒號后面是對前面的anamazingperson起解釋說明作用。[翻譯]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________Iguess...我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個交談時令人驚嘆的人：她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活起來。2．(2023·全國甲卷)Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven'tbeenseeninacenturyormore，they'reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.[剖析]本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

______________________。As引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾places。[翻譯]

_____________________________________________________________________________________they're...beingsighted...隨著灰熊的活動范圍擴大到一個多世紀(jì)以來從未出現(xiàn)過的地方，它們越來越多地被人類看到。返回3．(2022·全國甲卷)AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego，thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.[剖析]本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

_______________，其后為省略that的賓語從句；賓語從句中g(shù)oingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego為動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾ships；最后的thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland是同位語，解釋說明TierradelFuego。本句使用了強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)內(nèi)容為地點狀語inChile。[翻譯]

______________________________________________________________________________________shediscovered...正是在智利她發(fā)現(xiàn)她可以獲得從火地島即南美大陸的最南端開往南極洲的最后一刻的低價船票。情境遷移寫作微練Ⅰ.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練——大自然(保護野生動物)結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。[基礎(chǔ)語料]單元詞匯endangered，criterion，coexist;owingto，dieout，inharmonywith，respondto，onbehalfof句經(jīng)典型thereisnodoubtthat句型；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；“only＋狀語”倒裝句[情境呈現(xiàn)]假定你是李華，畢業(yè)在即，你校英文報舉辦了以“Protectingwildanimals”為主題的征文活動。請你寫一篇英文短文投稿，分享你的想法。[思路點撥]人稱以第三人稱為主時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主內(nèi)容要點線索第一段引出主題(很多野生動物瀕臨滅絕)→第二段談?wù)撜J識和想法→結(jié)尾總結(jié)Protectingwildanimals

(1)________________________________________________________________________________(毫無疑問，由于人類活動，許多瀕臨滅絕的野生動物正在滅絕；endanger，dieout，owingto;thereisnodoubtthat句型).(2)______________________________________________________________________________________________(正如我們所知，善待動物就是善待自己，所以我們應(yīng)該采取以下措施；as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句).Firstofall，thegovernmentshouldsetcriteriatoreduceenvironmentalpollution，andcrackdownoncriminalactivitiessuchasillegalhuntingofwildanimals.(3)_____________________________________________________________________________________________(其次，為了與自然和諧相處，應(yīng)該建立野生動物保護區(qū)并對其進行監(jiān)測；inharmonywith).ThereisnodoubtthatmanyendangeredwildanimalsaredyingoutowingtohumanactivitiesAsisknowntous，tobekindtoanimalsistobekindtoyourself，someasuresofthefollowingshouldbetakenSecondly，inordertobeinharmonywithnature，wildlifereservesshouldbeestablishedandmonitoredAdditionally，schoolsshouldactivelyrespondtoandsupportthenationalcall，increasepublicityefforts，andraisestudents'awarenessofwildlifeprotection.

(4)___________________________________________________________________________(只有為保護野生動物做出貢獻，我們才能與自然共存；coexist;

“only＋狀語”倒裝句).Onlybymakingcontributionstowardsprotectingwildanimalscanwecoexistwithnature[變式表達]根據(jù)提示完成句子并保持與句(1)意義一致。_____________________________(不可否認)humanactions__________________________________________________________(造成了無數(shù)野生物種的減少和滅絕).Thereisnodenying(thefact)thathaveledtothedeclineandextinctionofnumerousspeciesofwildlifeⅡ.讀后續(xù)寫微點練——大海里游泳遇險(多種“說”法)[基礎(chǔ)語料]詞匯whisper

低語add

補充說continue

繼續(xù)說shout

大喊murmur

低語exclaim

呼喊scream

驚叫chat

閑聊speakup

大聲說詞匯talkover

討論speakout

發(fā)言ina...voice

以……的聲音句式holding動詞-ing形式作狀語；before引導(dǎo)狀語從句細節(jié)描寫1.Weneedtotalkovertheplanbeforeweproceed.我們需要在繼續(xù)之前討論一下計劃。2.Hedecidedtospeakoutagainsttheinjustice.他決定站出來反對不公正。3.Sheexclaimedwithjoywhenshesawthegift.她看到禮物時高興地呼喊。4.Theteachershoutedtobeheardoverthenoise.老師為了蓋過噪音而大聲喊叫。5.Shewhisperedsweetnothingsintohisear.她在他耳邊低聲細語著甜言蜜語。[情境呈現(xiàn)](2025·河南測試卷·讀后續(xù)寫)主人公和哥哥去了一個因強水流而很少去的海灘→主人公在海里游泳，享受海浪→游得太遠后，主人公試圖返回海灘，但無法前進→感到疲倦和恐慌，主人公最終呼救→……[思路點撥]文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時態(tài)：一般過去時為主續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子IbegantothinkImightdrownoutthere.可知，接下來要寫主人公的絕望感和對可能溺水的恐懼，或者繼續(xù)描述主人公的求生掙扎和心理活動。Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫微點練——大海里游泳遇險(多種“說”法)[基礎(chǔ)語料]詞匯whisper

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發(fā)言ina...voice

以……的聲音句式holding動詞-ing形式作狀語；before引導(dǎo)狀語從句細節(jié)描寫1.Weneedtotalkovertheplanbeforeweproceed.我們需要在繼續(xù)之前討論一下計劃。2.Hedecidedtospeakout

againsttheinjustice.他決定站出來反對不公正。3.Sheexclaimedwithjoy

whenshesawthegift.她看到禮物時高興地呼喊。4.Theteachershoutedtobeheardoverthenoise.老師為了蓋過噪音而大聲喊叫。5.Shewhisperedsweetnothingsintohisear.她在他耳邊低聲細語著甜言蜜語。[情境呈現(xiàn)](2025·河南測試卷·讀后續(xù)寫)主人公和哥哥去了一個因強水流而很少去的海灘→主人公在海里游泳，享受海浪→游得太遠后，主人公試圖返回海灘，但無法前進→感到疲倦和恐慌，主人公最終呼救→……[思路點撥]文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時態(tài)：一般過去時為主續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子IbegantothinkImightdrownoutthere.可知，接下來要寫主人公的絕望感和對可能溺水的恐懼，或者繼續(xù)描述主人公的求生掙扎和心理活動。[寫作輸出]

I

began

to

think

I

might

drown

out

there.(1)_______________________________(就在這時，一個陌生人游到我跟前).(2)____________________________________________________________(帶著最后的希望，我聚集了所有的力量呼喊“救命”).(3)_________________________________________(突然一個巨浪打在我身上，淹沒了我的叫喊聲).Ichokedonabigswallowofsaltywaterandfeltterrible.(4)_____________________________________________________________________________________(幸運的是，我的天使迅速接近我，用他強壯的手臂緊緊地抱住了我；holding動詞-ing形式作狀語).(5)_________________________________________________________________________(我的基礎(chǔ)知識提醒我要保持放松以免陷入黑暗世界喪失意識；before引導(dǎo)狀語從句).JustthenastrangerswamovertomeWiththelasthope，Igatheredallmystrengthtocryout“Help”SuddenlyahugewavehitmeanddrownedmycryFortunately，myangelwasswiftlyapproachingme，holdingmetightlywithhisstrongarmMybasicknowledgeremindedmetostayrelaxedbeforeIfellintoaworldofdarkness[變式表達]用asif結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句(1)，以使更加形象生動。Justthenastranger_________________________________________________________．emergedasifbymagic，swimmingtowardsmewithallhismight返回單元測評Ⅰ.閱讀理解(本題共8個小題，每小題2.5分，共20分)A(2024·湖南高教聯(lián)高三二模)

TheCaliforniaseaotter(海獺),oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstagedathrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters'successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdecliningcoastalmarsh(沼澤)habitat.

ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencingseveredamage.Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.Coastalmarsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveasimportantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.

Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California'scoastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutatthehandsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinreoccupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationofseaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.BrentHughes,ascientistworkingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,whichinturnstabilizedthesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.

Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastalecosystemsislikelytoincrease.Itnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentralspecies—aspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironment—butalsohighlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators(捕食者)inpreservingecologicalharmony.“Myhonestreactionwas—thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature，”saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.“Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”

語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了加州海獺的數(shù)量回升，對減少沿海海岸線侵蝕、維護生態(tài)環(huán)境平衡起到了重要作用。1．Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?A．Fewerpredatorycrabs.B．Morecoastalplantlife.C．Betterwater-cleaningeffect.D．Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的

“Therootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructuralintegrityofthehabitat.”

可知，ElkhornSlough沿岸的沼澤遭受嚴(yán)重破壞的根本原因是濱蟹數(shù)量的增加。這些蟹以沼澤植物為食，因此削弱了棲息地的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性。根據(jù)文章第三段中的

“Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.”

可知，海獺對濱蟹有制衡作用。由此可推知，海獺的消失導(dǎo)致了沿海生態(tài)平衡的惡化。故選D。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resurgence”inParagraph3mean?A．Barrier. B．Advancement.C．Expansion. D．Revival.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文中的

“Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.”

可知，因為海獺以濱蟹為食，從而有助于植物的再生。畫線詞resurgence意為“復(fù)蘇”，D項與畫線詞意相近。故選D?！?．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.B．Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.C．Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.D．Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的

“Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeoplebyreducingflooding.‘Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsweliketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.’”

可推知，作者引用科學(xué)家LekeliaJenkins的話是為了展示海獺(對人類)的實際益處(比如減少洪水災(zāi)害)。故選C。√4．Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters'impact?A．Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.B．Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.C．Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.D．Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.√推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章通過說明海獺對沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響，傳遞出

“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的相互關(guān)聯(lián)性”

這一信息。故選B。B(2025·青島高三檢測)

AnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas”—eaglesdon'thuntflies—meaningthatimportantonesshouldn'tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificantmatters.ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.

Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees(金合歡樹)inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentralKenya.Someoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichinturndefendthetreesagainstherbivores(食草動物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetrees'leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.

Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe“big-headed”antisdestroyingentiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsupinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.

Thisantinvasionaffectsonethingaftertheother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivores,especiallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin.

“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere，”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.

Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn'ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions'changingstrategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inParagraph2mean?A．Direct. B．Discourage.C．Identify. D．Seek.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文中的

“whichinturndefendthetreesagainstherbivores(食草動物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetrees'leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivores”

可知，螞蟻對金合歡樹具有保護作用。由此可知，螞蟻還釋放出可以阻止其他潛在攻擊者的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來保護金合歡樹。deter意為

“阻止”，B項與畫線單詞意思相近。故選B?！?．Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?A．Cooperatingwiththe“big-headed”ants.B．Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.C．Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores.D．Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的

“Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuni