初中英語同義句轉(zhuǎn)換專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練同義句轉(zhuǎn)換是初中英語的重要題型，主要考查學(xué)生對詞匯、短語和句型的靈活運(yùn)用能力。它要求學(xué)生在保持原句意思不變的前提下，運(yùn)用不同的詞匯、短語或句式結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表達(dá)。以下是針對初中階段的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，包含常見轉(zhuǎn)換類型、解題技巧和專項(xiàng)練習(xí)。一、常見同義句轉(zhuǎn)換類型（一）詞匯替換（同義詞/近義詞替換）用同義詞或近義詞替換原句中的關(guān)鍵詞，保持句意不變。

-例句：

-原句：Heisveryclever.→同義句：Heisverysmart.（clever和smart都表示“聰明的”）

-原句：Themovieisinteresting.→同義句：Themovieisfunny.（interesting和funny都可表示“有趣的”，但funny更強(qiáng)調(diào)“滑稽的”）常見同義/近義詞匯：

-大：big→large→huge

-?。簊mall→little→tiny

-好：good→nice→great→wonderful

-壞：bad→terrible→awful

-看：look→watch→see→read（read用于看書、報紙等）

-說：say→speak→talk→tell

-走：go→walk→move

-來：come→arrive→reach（reach是及物動詞，后面直接接地點(diǎn)）

-喜歡：like→love→enjoy→befondof（二）短語替換（固定短語或表達(dá)方式替換）用不同的固定短語或表達(dá)方式表達(dá)相同的意思。

-例句：

-原句：Hegoestoschoolonfoot.→同義句：Hegoestoschoolbywalking.（onfoot和bywalking都表示“步行”，但bywalking不常用，更常用byfoot不正確，正確是onfoot）

-原句：Sheisgoodatmath.→同義句：Shedoeswellinmath.（begoodat和dowellin都表示“擅長”）

-原句：Ispenttwohoursonmyhomework.→同義句：Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.（spend和take都可表示“花費(fèi)”，但用法不同：sb.spendtime/moneyonsth.或(in)doingsth.;Ittakessb.timetodosth.）常見可替換短語：

-與“說”相關(guān)：

-sayhelloto→greet

-saysorryto→apologizeto

-saythanksto→thank

-與“喜歡”相關(guān)：

-like…verymuch→love…alot

-beinterestedin→haveaninterestin

-與“幫助”相關(guān)：

-helpsb.dosth.→helpsb.todosth.→assistsb.indoingsth.

-givesb.ahand→helpsb.

-與“時間”相關(guān)：

-inthemorning→inthea.m.

-intheafternoon→inthep.m.

-atonce→rightaway→immediately

-與“到達(dá)”相關(guān)：

-getto→arrivein/at（arrivein接大地點(diǎn)，如城市、國家；arriveat接小地點(diǎn)，如學(xué)校、車站）→reach（及物動詞，直接接地點(diǎn)）

-與“花費(fèi)”相關(guān)：

-spendmoney/timeonsth.→paymoneyforsth.（pay的主語通常是人，payfor表示“為……付款”）→cost（cost的主語通常是物，表示“某物花費(fèi)多少錢”）→take（Ittakessb.timetodosth.）（三）句式轉(zhuǎn)換（不同句式表達(dá)相同意思）通過改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)（如主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)、陳述句變疑問句/感嘆句、簡單句變復(fù)合句等）保持句意不變。

-例句：

-主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)：

-原句：Tomcleanedtheroomyesterday.→同義句：TheroomwascleanedbyTomyesterday.（主動：主語（人）+動詞+賓語（物）；被動：主語（物）+be+過去分詞+by+賓語（人））

-陳述句變否定祈使句：

-原句：Openthewindow.→同義句（否定）：Don’topenthewindow.

-簡單句變復(fù)合句：

-原句：Heisverytall.Hecanreachtheapples.→同義句：Heissotallthathecanreachtheapples.（so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，表示“如此……以至于……”）

-原句：Sheisyoung.Shecan’tgotoschool.→同義句：Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.（too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“太……而不能……”）

-對劃線部分提問（間接轉(zhuǎn)換）：

-原句：Hegoestoschoolbybike.（對bybike提問）→同義句：Howdoeshegotoschool?常見句式轉(zhuǎn)換：

-肯定句變否定句：在be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞后加not（如：is→isn’t,are→aren’t,have→haven’t,can→can’t）；實(shí)義動詞變否定需借助助動詞（do/does/did+not+動詞原形）。

-陳述句變一般疑問句：將be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞提前（如：Heisastudent.→Isheastudent?；Shehasabook.→Hassheabook?（英式）/Doesshehaveabook?（美式更常用）；Theycanswim.→Cantheyswim?）。

-對劃線部分提問：根據(jù)劃線內(nèi)容選擇特殊疑問詞（what,who,where,when,why,how,which,howmany/much…），然后將剩余部分變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹?/p>

-例：Hegoestoschoolbybike.（對bybike提問）→Howdoeshegotoschool?

-例：Sheis12yearsold.（對12yearsold提問）→Howoldisshe?

-so…that…與too…to…轉(zhuǎn)換：

-Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.→Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.

-HeransofastthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.→Herantoofastformetocatchupwithhim.

-not…until…與until轉(zhuǎn)換：

-Ididn’tgotobeduntilmymothercameback.→Iwenttobedaftermymothercameback.或Iwenttobedwhenmymothercameback.（根據(jù)語境）二、專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（含答案與解析）（一）詞匯替換類（每題2分，共20分）1.Thebookisveryinteresting.（同義替換interesting）→Thebookisvery________.

答案：funny/amusing/engaging（答案不唯一，表示“有趣的”即可）2.Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.（同義替換begoodat）→He________________________playingbasketball.

答案：doeswellin3.Shespenttwohoursdoingherhomework.（同義替換spend）→It________hertwohours________________herhomework.

答案：took;todo4.Wegotoschoolonfoot.（同義替換onfoot）→Wegotoschool________________.

答案：bywalking（不常用，更推薦用onfoot的同義表達(dá)：Wewalktoschool.但題目要求替換，若嚴(yán)格按“方式”替換可寫byfoot（錯誤），正確是onfoot本身，或用walktoschool替換gotoschoolonfoot）

更優(yōu)答案：walkto（若題目允許動詞短語替換）5.Theproblemisdifficult.（同義替換difficult）→Theproblemis________.

答案：hard/tough6.Ilikereadingbooks.（同義替換like）→I________________readingbooks.

答案：enjoy/love7.Theyarrivedatthestationat8a.m.（同義替換arriveat）→They________________thestationat8a.m.

答案：gotto/reached8.Thefoodisdelicious.（同義替換delicious）→Thefoodis________.

答案：tasty/yummy/nice9.Hehelpedmecarrythebooks.（同義替換helpsb.dosth.）→He________me________thebooks.

答案：gave;ahandtocarry（或helpedmetocarry）10.Themovieiswonderful.（同義替換wonderful）→Themovieis________.

答案：great/amazing（二）短語替換類（每題2分，共20分）1.Sheisgoodatmath.（同義短語）→She________________________math.

答案：doeswellin2.Theyspentalotofmoneyonclothes.（同義替換spend…on…）→They________alotofmoney________clothes.

答案：paid;for3.Thebookcostme20yuan.（同義替換cost）→I________20yuan________thebook.

答案：paid;for或Ispent20yuanonthebook.（但題目要求替換cost，優(yōu)先用pay）4.HewenttoBeijingbyplane.（同義替換byplane）→He________toBeijing.

答案：flew5.Wearelookingforwardtotheparty.（同義短語）→We________________________theparty.

答案：expect/can’twaitfor（更準(zhǔn)確：areexpecting）6.Theteachertoldustofinishthehomework.（同義替換tellsb.todosth.）→Theteacher________usfinishthehomework.

答案：asked（若嚴(yán)格用tell的同義，ask也可，但tell更直接；或saidtoustofinish，但不常用）7.IhavebeentoShanghai.（同義替換havebeento）→I________________Shanghai.（若強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過并已回”可用havegoneto表“去了未回”，但此處同義優(yōu)先用havevisited）

答案：havevisited（或havebeenin+時間段，但同義“去過”用havevisited）8.Thebagistooheavyformetocarry.（同義替換too…to…）→Thebagis________heavy________I________carryit.

答案：so;that;can’t9.Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.（同義替換not…until…）→He________tobed________hismothercameback.

答案：went;after（或when，但not…until…的同義常見為after）10.Thechildrenhadagoodtimeatthepark.（同義短語）→Thechildren________________atthepark.

答案：enjoyedthemselves/hadfun（三）句式轉(zhuǎn)換類（每題3分，共30分）1.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.（轉(zhuǎn)換為too…to…）→Theboyis________________________gotoschool.

答案：tooyoungto2.Sheisverytall.Shecanreachtheapples.（轉(zhuǎn)換為so…that…）→Sheis________________________shecanreachtheapples.

答案：sotallthat3.“Don’tplayinthestreet,”thepolicesaid.（轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語/祈使句否定結(jié)構(gòu)）→Thepolicetoldus________________________inthestreet.

答案：nottoplay4.Hewenttothepark.Heplayedfootballthere.（合并為簡單句）→Hewenttothepark________________________football.

答案：andplayed（或toplay，若強(qiáng)調(diào)目的用toplay）5.Thebookisveryinteresting.（對interesting提問）→________doyou________________thebook?

答案：How;thinkof（或What;thinkof，更常用Howdoyoulike…?但題目要求對“interesting”提問，Howdoyouthinkof…?或Whatdoyouthinkof…?均可）6.Themeetinglastedfortwohours.（對fortwohours提問）→________________didthemeetinglast?

答案：Howlong7.Heistooweaktocarrythesebooks.（轉(zhuǎn)換為so…that…）→Heis________weak________he________carrythesebooks.

答案：so;that;can’t8.“Iwillcomebacktomorrow,”shesaid.（轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語）→Shesaid________________comeback________________.

答案：shewould;thenextday（或tomorrow，但間接引語中tomorrow通常變?yōu)閠henextday）9.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.（改為被動語態(tài)）→Theclassroom________________________bythestudents.

答案：isbeingcleaned（若強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動；若一般現(xiàn)在時被動：iscleaned，但原句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，優(yōu)先用isbeingcleaned）10.Hehasanewbike.（對anewbike提問）→________________he________?

答案：Whatdoes;have（四）綜合轉(zhuǎn)換類（每題3分，共30分）1.Thegirlisveryclever.（用smart替換clever）→Thegirlisvery________.

答案：smart2.Theyspent50yuanonthegift.（用pay替換spend）→They________50yuan________thegift.

答案：paid;for3.“Bequiet,”theteachersaid.（轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語）→Theteachertoldus________________________.

答案：tobequiet4.TheproblemissodifficultthatIcan’tsolveit.（轉(zhuǎn)換為too…to…）→Theproblemis________difficult________me________solve.

答案：too;for;to5.Hegoestoworkbycar.（用drive替換bycar）→He________________________towork.

答案：drivesacar（或