專題04定語從句之關(guān)系副詞的用法

嫁內(nèi)容早知道

，第一層鞏固提升練

考點一關(guān)系副詞的基本用法

考點二“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法

?第二層能力培優(yōu)練

，第三層拓展突破練

■第四層高考真題練

考點一關(guān)系副詞的基本用法

［知識積累?練前熱身】

定語從句除了由關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom等)引導(dǎo)外，還可由關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)，

它們在從句中作狀語。

1.關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句

當定語從句所修飾的先行詞是表示時間的名訶，旦在定語從句中充當時間狀語時，用when引導(dǎo)，也可

以用“介詞+which”來代替wheiio

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichanearthquakestruckWenchuan,SichuanProvince.

我永遠也不會忘記四川省汶川縣發(fā)生地震的那一天。

2.關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句

當定語從句所修飾的先行詞是表示地點的名詞，且在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語時，用where引導(dǎo)，也可

以用“介詞+which”來代替where5

Thehousewhere/inwhich1livedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

我10年前居住的那所房子已經(jīng)被拆了。

3.關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語從句

當先行詞是reason且從句缺少狀語時，用why引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當于forwhich。

Thereasonwhy/forwhichIwaslatewasthatmycarbrokedownontheway.

我遲到的原因是我的汽車在路上拋錨了。

□注意：

1.如果定語從句前面的先行詞是situation,stage,point,case,position,condition,activity,scene,occasion,

spot等抽象地點名詞，且在從句中作狀語時，應(yīng)用where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。

Let'sthinkofasituationwheretheidiomcanbeusedproperly.

讓我們想出一個可以正確使用該習(xí)語的情況。

Today,we'lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.

今天，我們將討論一些關(guān)于英語初學(xué)者對英語使用不當?shù)那闆r。

2.先行詞是point（時刻），occasiog時刻）等抽象時間的名詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，也應(yīng)用

when引導(dǎo)。

Wehadreachedthepointwhentherewasnomoneyleft.

3.當先行詞為way,意為“方法、方式若在定語從句中作主語、賓語時，可用關(guān)系代詞which或that；

作狀語時，要用inwhich或that或不填。

Thewaythat/which/不填heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.

Thewaythat/inwhich/彳、境heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.

I.IstillrememberthatafternoonIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.

2.Thereasonwecouldsucceedwasthatwecouldworkefficientlyasateam.

3.PleasetakemetoadistantlandIcanfindtheanimalthatgavefurtomakethissweater.

4.Istillremembertheyearwcstudiedtogether.

5.Theschoolwevisitedyesterdayisnewlybuilt.

6.OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.

7.Theywereputintoapositiontheyhadnorighttovoteortobeelected.

8.Icanneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.

9.Wcadmirehimforthewayhefaceshisdifficulties.

10.I'matanageIdon'tknowwhatloveis,butyoursweetsmilestilltouchesme.

考點二“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法

4.介詞選擇的三個原則：

“一先”，即根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或意義來確定介詞。

1）IstillrememberthedayonwhichImetTFboys.（ontheday在那天）

2）IwillneverforgetthefarmonwhichIworkedwithyou.（onthefarm在農(nóng)場）

3）Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuyfoodisgone,（withmoney用錢）

“二動”，即根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定介詞。

1iDoyoulikethebookonwhichshespent$10?（spendmoneyonsth花費金錢做某事）.

2）Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?（payfor付錢）

“三意義”，即根據(jù)定語從句所表達的意義來確定介詞。

1）Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.

空氣非常重要，沒有了它人類便不能生存。

2）Thisis（hemanwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.

這就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那個人。

□注意：

并非所有介詞都可以放到關(guān)系代詞前，有些“動詞+介詞”被視為一個固定的詞組，不可分割，這時不能

把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,gothrough等。

Thepatientwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.□

Thepatientafterwhomsheislookingisherfather.□

1.Bobaskedseveralpeopletoetohishomefbrdinnerlastnight,twoofwerehisclassmates.

2.Theyencounteredcountlesshardshipsthroughouttheirjoumey,eachoftestedtheirwill,butthey

succeededintheend.

3.Thegaswhichvvecannotliveiscalledoxygen.

4.Inthestrangecity,therewasn'tasinglepersonwhomshecouldturnforhelp.

5.Aftertenhours'drive,wecametoagreenhouse,throughglasswallwesawlotsofgreenplants.

6.RaisingtheretirementageisasubjectwhichalltheChinesehavearguedforalongtime.

7.Hewasthefirstoneintheuniversitytosetupapany,whichhedevotedalotoftimeandenergy.

8.Themanwhom1receivedaletterwasmybrother!

9.Thesettlementishometonearly1000people,mostoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthe

city.

10.Thefilminheplayedtheleadingrolewasagreatsuccess

一、完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的A、B、C、D三個選項中選出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項。

MybrotherHenryandIweredrivinghomewhenhetookawrongturn.Thewrongturntookustowardsa

___1___andwehadnowaytoturnback.___2___,mybrotherpaidthetoll（通行費）anddroveon.Hewasclearly

___3___bythemistake.

everywherethroughoutMexicoandsoldalstreetcarts,whichsellarangeoffrui（basedshavedice.Sellersmakea

mixtureofaraspadoandamilkshakecalled“eskimo“usingmilk,condensedmilk,freshseasonalfruit,sugar,

vanillaandice.

Dondurnia,Tiirkiye

Isthereanicecreamthatdoesn'tmeh（融化）?Yes,that'sexactlywhatdondunnais.LocalsalsocallitMaras

dondurma,whichisbelievedtoefromthecityandregionofMaras.Dondurmaismadewithgoatmilk,sugar,mastic

andsalep.TheTurkishusuallybuytheirdondurmafromstreets.

FrozenCustard,US

FrozencustardisthetypicalAmericanicecreamwhichisamixtureofmilk,cream,sugarandeggs.Itisdense

becauseit'smadeinamachinethatdoesn'tletairintoit.Americansusuallyhaveachoicebetweenvanillaor

chocolate.Theycanalsogofbramixtureofthetwo.

1.Whatdokakigdriandraspadohaveinmon?

A.Theybothhaveshavedice.B.Theyarebothhighoutput,

C.Theybothonlyhavesingletaste.D.Theybothhavelowpopularity.

2.Whatisincludedindondurma?

A.Greentea.B.Fruitjuice.C.Goatmilk.D.Chocolate.

3.Whichmaybesuitableforchocolatelovers?

A.Raspado.B.Kakigdri.C.Dondurma.D.Frozencustard.

B

I'vebeenhavingtroubleconcentratingononething.Itmadeschooldifficultfbrme.Wheneveryoneelseinthe

classwasfocusingon（asks,Icouldnot.

Inmyfirstliteratureclass,Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit,allwithin45minutes.Iraised

myhandrightawayandsaid,"Mrs.Smith,yousee,thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeableto

doit."Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses,uYouarcnotdifferentfromyourclassmates,youngman.”

Itried,butIdidn'tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.

Inthequietnessofmybedroom,thestorysuddenlyallbecamedeartome.Itwasaboutablindperson,Louis

Braille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn'tgiveup.Instead,heinvented

areadingsystemofraiseddots（點）,whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.

Wasn't1the"blind"ininyclass,beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted“students?Mythoughtsspilledoutandmy

penstartedtodance.Ipletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed,Iwasnotdifferentfromothers;Ijustneededa

quieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems,whyshouldIevergiveup?

Ididn'texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith,soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcameback

tomethenextday—withan"A"onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords:"Seewhatyoucandowhenyou

keeptrying?^^

Inspiredandtouched,Ibegantokeeptryinghardinmystudyandstruggledagainstattentionproblems.Ibelieve

onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultywithdetermination（決心）andefforts.

4.Whydidn'ttheauthorfinishhisreadinginclass?

A.Hemissedseveralclassesbefore.

B.Hewasnotabitinterestedinliterature.

C.Hewasunabletoconcentrateonhistask.

D.Hewasusedtodoinghishomeworkathome.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutLouisBraillefromthetext?

A.Hewaspoor.B.Hewaswelleducated.

C.Hewasshortsighted.D.Hewasverycreative.

6.WhatkindofteacherisMrs.Smithaccordingtothetext?

A.Impatient.R.Encouraging.

C.Disappointing.D.Careless.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Youcanneverbetoooldtolearn.

B.Donotjudgeabookbyitscover.

C.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

?-O-?-?-?

一、閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

Iwasashygirl.Ididn'tevenliketoanswerthetelephoneforfearthatIhadtotalktosomebody【didn'tknow.

Ienjoyedtheworldofshyness.However,atschoolIhad（ospendalldayinthepanyofothers.Myescapewas

reading.Ispentalotoftimestudyingandwasrewardingwithgoodgrades.MyonlyfailurewasSpanishl'dgetallAs

onmywrittenworkandtests,butDsandFsonthespokenpart.

EventuallyIwenttocollege.Daringmythirdyearofcollege,Ihadenoughofbeingshyanddecidedtochange

myoutlookandbehavior.Onedaywhileatschool,Inoticedanadvertisementforpositionson（helocalclassical

musicradiostation.Ihadgrownuplisteningtoclassicalmusic,andIcouldeasilypronouncenamessuchas

TchaikovskandChopin.

1hadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio,andabsolutelynohopeofgettingthejob.Theideaoftalkingto

thousandsoflistenersin“radioland”frightenedme.However,Iluckilysurvivedtheinterview.Iwasgivenbrief

descriptionsofsymphonic（交響樂）andapublicserviceannouncementtoread,andalistofposers'namesto

pronounce.Itwasn'thardfbrme.Ilefttherecordingsessions（錄音片段）withasenseofreliefandasenseof

acplishment.AbouttwoweekslaterIactuallylandedthejob.Itwasachallengingjob,butIgrewtoenjoyitgreatly.I

begantofeelfortablctalkingtopeople.

AlthoughInowspendmanyhourseachweektalkingwithpeople,Tmstillbasicallyaquietperson.Perhapsitis

mysoftvoiceandmyquietnaturethathelpsdrawpeopleoutastheyrespondtomyquestionsasIinterviewedthem.

Myformershynessisafortune,asIcanrelatetopeoplewhofeelunfortablewhentheytalktonewspaperreporters.I

stillenjoymomentsoflonelinessandthepeacefoundinnature.ButI'malsogladIdecidedtomakeachangeinmy

lifethathasopenedmanydoorandopportunitiesthatIneverdreamtof.

1.Whaidowelearnabouttheauthor?

A.ShelikedreadingB.ShewasgoodalSpanish.

C.Shewasn'tinterestedinmusic.D.Shedidn'tworkhardenough

2.Howdidtheauthorfeelbeforetheinterview?

A.Veryexcited.B.Prettyconfident.

C.Highlyconfused.D.Extremelyanxious.

3.Whatdoestheauthorlaterthinkofherquietpersonality?

A.Itmakesothersfeellessfortable.

R.Itishelpfulfnrherchallengingjch.

C.Ilpreventsherbeinganewspaperreporter.

D.Itdrawsanegativeresponsefromaudiences.

4.Thetextmainlyfocusesontheauthor's.

A.desiretofindhertrueself

B.feelingaboutbeingaradiohostess

C.storyofexploringthemeaningoflife

D.experienceandfeelingofoveringshyness

二、七選五

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Circumnavigating（heplanet（K球旅彳亍）andstoppingoffwhereveryoulikeisthefinaltripformanytravelers.

___I___Hereisaguidetogetyoustarted.

Howtodoit

___2___Theoretically（理論上）anyroutingispossible,butknowinghowtheRTWbookingsystemworks

willmakeyourtripcheaper.Forexample,theStarAlliance（聯(lián)盟）has27airlineswhichflyto1,185airportsin185

countries,andoffersaRTWticketwithamaximumof15stops.Buttherearerules:youmustfollowoneglobal

directionandyoumuststartandfinishinthesamecountry.

Whentogo

Theweatherwillneverbeidealinallofyourstops.___3___IfaHimalayahikeisyourhighlight,donotlandin

Nepalmidmonsoon（季風中）season;ifyouwanttoswimwithwhalesharksoffthecoastofWesternAustralia,be

therebetweenAprilandJuly.Ingeneral,citysightseeingcanbedoneyearroundbutoutdooradventuresaremore

relianton—andenjoyablein-therightweather.

—4―

Theclassic（andcheapest）RTWticketsflitbetweenafewbigcities,forexample,London—Bangkok

Singapore—Sydney—LA.Ifyouwanttolinkmoreoffbeat（另類的）places,priceswillclimbconsiderably.The

costoftheticketisbasedonthetotaldistancecoveredorthenumberofcountriesvisited.___5___Yourdaily

outgoingswillbefarhigherinEuropeandNorthAmericathaninSouthEastAsia.Indonesia,BoliviaandIndiaare

particularlycheap.

A.Wheretogo

B.Howlongwillyouneed

C.So,focusonwhatyouwanttodomostandresearchconditions(here.

D.Youcouldtravelaroundtheworldinaweekendifyouflewnonstop.

E.Also,ifbudget(預(yù)算)isanissue,spendmoretimeinlessexpensivecountries.

F.Butbookingaroundthcworld(RTW)tripcanbeaplcx(復(fù)雜的)business.

G.ThemosteconomicalwayistobuyaRTWairticketthatusesoneairlinealliance.

三、語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。

Inrecentmonths,theChinaGrandCanalMuseuminYangzhou.whichexhibitsthehistoryandcultureofthe

GrandCanal,1(attract)agreatnumberofvisitors.Eachday,themuseumprovides15,(X)()tickets2

visitorstobookinadvance.Theyusuallyselloutonweekends,makingthemuseum3popularlandmark

inEastChina.

Ittakesonly20minutes4(get)tothemuseumbytaxifromtheYangzhoudongRailwayStation.

“Mypassion5(arouse)bythosepassengers,soItookmychildrentothemuseumtoo.Ineverknewwhy

ithadsuchgreatcharm6Igotthere.”

Themuseum7appearanceresemblesagiantship,covers8(),()00squaremetersandhouses

exhibitionhalls.Whiletellingitsstory,themuseumputsan8(emphasize)onimprovingvisitors'

experience.Youngpeoplecantakepartinaliveactionroleplaygamedesignedby(hemuseum,transporting(hem

backtotheMingDynasty,and9(immerse)theminanamazingworld.t4Itis10(true)avery

meaningfulexperience,“saidavisitorsumamedChen.

一、閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

(2024新課標H卷)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewent

throughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolid

choicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuch

asahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyof

freshgreens.

SpeciHcally,it'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,

itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystem

providesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewprcsccdcdpod

(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransporting

plantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there^noneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarms

andthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Inside

theoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.4tWe

arepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,MsaidaBMFemployee.

1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?

A.Itguarantees（hevarietyoffood.B.1（requiresdaylodaycare.

C.Itcutsthefarmtotahledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer'smarkets.

2.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Realtimeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.Availabilityofpreseededpods.

3.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.

B.Theyarcdevotedtomunityservice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.

D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF'smajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

（2024新課標H卷）GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactionto

dealwithourAlpowcrcdfuture,andthisiswhereAlbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecsin.

ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbythe

forthingAIrevolution（變革）.

Inihewronghands、suchabookcouldproveasplicatedioprocessastheputercode（代碼）（hatpowersAIbut,

thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintothe

understandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingfora

guidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bythec'ose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.

AswesoonetolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysupersmartandwillbeemorecapable,movingfromthe

currentgenerationofkVnarrowAF,toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willeArtificial

DominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetou（toraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-several

decadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificial

intelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.

Campbell'spointistowakeupthoseresponsiblefbrAI—thetechnologypaniesandworldleaders—sotheyare

onthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata"tippingpoint"inhistoryand

mustactnowtopreventanextinctionleveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAI

topanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanour

dov/nfall.

AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,（hisisit.

5.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands,,inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B.Ifreviev/edbysomeoneillintentioned.

C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesspetent.D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.

6.WhatisafeatureofAlbyDesignaccordingto（hetext?

A.Itispackedwithplexcodes.B.Itadoptsadowntoearthwritingstyle.

C.Itprovidesstepbystepinstructions.D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.

7.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeoplerodoregardingAIdevelopment?

A.Observeexistingregulationsonit.

B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.

C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.

D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.

8.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.ToremendabookonALB.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.

C.TDclarifythedefinitionofAI.D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.

二、七選五

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?

（2024新課標H卷）Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboosts

localeconomicsandmunitics,but（herapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.

]Certainlynot.Thelossofv/hattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday'sworld.Herearesometipson

makingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswcvisitandimproveourexperience.

?Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayfbrareason:they'respecial.Withsomanyonline

postsfeaturingthesameplaces,it'seasytofeellikeyou'remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,

cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.2

?Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonovertouristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Though

overtourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it'sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberof

extremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofl