1、學(xué)案（第六課時(shí)）一、英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出這些時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)5. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)6. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)7. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)8. 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)9. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)10. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)11. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)12. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)13. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)14. 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)15. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)16. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)二、本節(jié)課需要掌握的內(nèi)容：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1) 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。2) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

2、3) 有時(shí)該時(shí)態(tài)可表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等。例如 ：He goes to school every day.If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng) 、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞 ）可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用 。常見(jiàn)的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車(chē)、輪船、汽車(chē)等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。 例：The

3、next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon. （下一趟火車(chē)今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車(chē)。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （這班車(chē)多久一趟？）The train leaves at 2:30pm.We start this afternoon.2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，另外“系動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞”也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義。例如：What are you doing?The bridge is under construction.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have十過(guò)去分

4、詞”構(gòu)成。其使用有以下情況：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話(huà)之前已完成，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒(méi)有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：He has gone to Fuzhou. (說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為他不在該地)He has been to Fuzhou. (說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為他在該地)2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常用 for 或 since 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或 so far, up to now 等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)。例如:He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.注意：表示短暫時(shí)

5、間動(dòng)作的詞，如 come, go, die,buy, marry等的完成時(shí)不能與 for，since 等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have(has)+ been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些詞，如 work, study, live, teach 等用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多。例如：I have worked here for three yearsI have been working here for three years.但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)中表示不同意思。例如：I have written a letter.

6、(已寫(xiě)完)I have been writing a letter. (還在寫(xiě))注意：表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如 finish, marry, get up, come, go 等不能用這種時(shí)態(tài)。5. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其表達(dá)形式除了“will或 shall+動(dòng)詞原形”外，還有以下幾種形式。1) “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”，表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。例如：We are going to have a meeting today2) go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive 等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)

7、作；有時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)。例如：Im leaving for Beijing.3) “be to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如：The boy is to go to school tomorrow4) “ be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：We are about to leave6. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing) 用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。 例：Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white

8、skirt at that time.（別擔(dān)心，你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。） 注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可參考一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。 7. 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 主要用來(lái)表示，在未來(lái)某一時(shí)間會(huì)業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。在含這一時(shí)態(tài)的句子里，常以短語(yǔ)或句子來(lái)交代這個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間。用法：表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間，但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān)。例如

9、：By this time next year he will have graduated from college.明年的這個(gè)時(shí)候他已大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。I hope that I will have finished this article before you come tomorrow.我希望在你明天來(lái)之前我已完成了這篇文章。By the end of November I shall have accomplished the composition of this book.十一月底我將已寫(xiě)完這本書(shū)。They will have got home by now .他們這時(shí)可能已經(jīng)到家了

10、。8.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall have been doing ，will have been doing 例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。）（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 9一般過(guò)去時(shí)1) 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用“used to”。注意：used to表示過(guò)去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。另外“be used to + 名詞或動(dòng)名詞”表示“習(xí)慣于”。

11、例如：He worked in a factory in 1986.I used to smoke when I was a college freshman.10. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。例如：He was reading a novel when I came in11過(guò)去完成時(shí)l) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用 by, before, until, when 等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：By the end of last year

12、 we had built five new houses.2) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或持續(xù)下去。例如：Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.12. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，且主句必須是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：We asked him where we should go to work next week我們問(wèn)他我們下周上哪兒去勞動(dòng)。又如：They wanted to know when you would finish

13、 the article他們想知道你什么時(shí)候?qū)懲赀@篇文章。13.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been doing 例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。）（此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。）（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 14. 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：should be doing , would b

14、e doing 例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承諾說(shuō)第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間，所以最好用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。）（此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 15. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：should have done , would have done 例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, bu

15、t I was wrong.（我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止，那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。但是我錯(cuò)了。）（此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 16. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：should have been doing , would have been doing 例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. （他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。）課堂練習(xí)23Thetwins,Whotheirhomework,wereallowedt

16、oplaybadmintonontheplayground.（2014安徽卷）A.willfinishB.finishC.havefinishedD.hadfinished【舉一反三】-Peter,doyouknowwho_mydictionary?A.hastakenawayB.wastakingaway-Sorry,Idontknow.Ididntdoit.C.hadtakenawayD.istakingaway22.-Hi,letsgoskating.（2014北京卷）-Sorry,Imbusyrightnow.I_inanapplicationformforanewjob. A.fil

17、lB.havefilledC.amfillingD.willfill【舉一反三】Ihearyouinapub.whatsitlike?-Well,itsveryhardworkandImalwaystired,butIdontmind.A.areworkingB.willwork C.wereworkingD.willbeworking23.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves_halfanhour.A.by B.inC.forD.until (2014北京卷)31.-Whattimeisit?-Ihavenoidea.Butjusta

18、minute,I_itforyou.(2014北京卷)A.checkB.checkedC.willcheckD.wouldcheck32.Ifoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit_whenIarrived.(2014北京卷)A.startedB.wasstartingC.wouldstartD.hadstarted【舉一反三】-Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation?-We_busywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.A.wereB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe22.Unlessextramoney_,thetheatrewillclose.（2014大綱卷）A.wasfoundB.findsC.isfoundD.found32.Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody_themsince.（2014大綱卷）A.seesB.sawC.hasseenD.hadseen【舉一反三】Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_forweeks.A.hasntcleanedB.didntclea