1、論語(yǔ),一、子曰：“學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦說乎？有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來，不亦樂乎？人不知而不慍，不亦君子乎？” 【今譯】學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)而能按時(shí)練習(xí)，不也是很高興嗎？有學(xué)友從遠(yuǎn)方來，不也是很快樂嗎？人家不了解我，我并不惱怒，不也是君子嗎？” The Master said, To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure? That friends should come to one from afar: adv.從遠(yuǎn)處 n.遙遠(yuǎn)； 遠(yuǎn)離著； 從遠(yuǎn)方, is this not after

2、 all delightful? To remain unsoured :adj.未變酸的，未變得不愉快的even though ones merits are unrecognized by others, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman?,二、曾子曰：“吾日三省吾身：為人謀而不忠乎？與朋友交而不信乎？傳不習(xí)乎？” 【今譯】曾子曰：“我每天要多次檢查、反省自己：替別人謀事竭盡忠心了嗎？與朋友的交往是否誠(chéng)信呢？老師傳授的知識(shí)練習(xí)了嗎？” Master Tseng said, Every day I examine my

3、self on these three points: in acting on behalf of others, have I always been loyal to their interests? In intercourse: n.交流，交往，交際； with my friends, have I always been true to my word? Have I failed to repeat the precepts that have been handed down to me?,behalf bih:f n.1. 支持，贊成，贊同2. 利益3. 方面 1. in b

4、ehalf of 主美國(guó)、加拿大英語(yǔ) = on behalf of 2. in someones behalf主美國(guó)、加拿大英語(yǔ) = on someones behalf 3. on behalf of a. 代表一方；代表(或?yàn)?說話，作為的代表(或代言人) b. 為了；為了的利益 4. on someones behalf,三、有子曰：“禮之用，和為貴。先王之道，斯為美，小大由之。有所不行，知和而和，不以禮節(jié)之，亦不可行也。 【今譯】有子說：“禮的作用，以做到和諧為可貴。古代先王治國(guó)的原則，可貴之處就在這里。小事大事都按這個(gè)原則去做。如果有的地方行不通，只知道為和諧而和諧，不用禮來節(jié)制和約

5、束，所以就行不通了。” Master Yu said, In the usages of ritual: n.(宗教等的)儀式； adj 禮節(jié)性的;例行公事的 It is harmony that is prized; the Way of the Former Kings from this got its beauty. Both small matters and great depend upon it. If things go amiss: adj.出了差錯(cuò)的, he who knows the harmony will be able to attune: vt.使協(xié)調(diào) them

6、. But if harmony itself is not modulated: v.調(diào)整 by ritual, things will still go amiss.,go用作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常表示主語(yǔ)處于某種狀態(tài)或由某種狀態(tài)向另一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變， 后面多接形容詞作其表語(yǔ)，此類形容詞往往意義不佳。 1常與有關(guān)顏色的形容詞連用，大多表示情況變化的結(jié)果或程度。 go均可用turn一詞來代替，這在正式的文體中更為多用，但切不可用get一詞來代替， 因get在此并不能表示“變成”之意。 The maple leaves went brown楓葉紅了。 Her hairs going grey她有好多白頭

7、發(fā)了。 2當(dāng)某人或某物的情況變壞時(shí)（一般來說，這種變化是不可逆的或永久性的）， 也常用“go+形容詞”來表示，即由正常情況變?yōu)椴徽；蛱厥馇闆r。 Eggs are apt to go bad in summer雞蛋在夏天容易變壞。 The situation went from bad to worse情況越來越糟。 3除以上兩種情況，go還可與其他一些普通形容詞或帶有前綴un-的過去分詞連用， 構(gòu)成表意廣泛的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： The workers decided to go slow工人們決定怠工。 The telephone has gone dead電話不通了。 4此外，在科技英語(yǔ)中，也不

8、乏go的這類用法，如： go critical（達(dá)到臨界），go solid（變成固體），go negative（變成負(fù)值）， go nuclear（核力量化），go metric（實(shí)行公制）。,四、子曰：“吾十有五而志于學(xué)，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲，不逾矩?！?【今譯】孔子說：“我十五歲立志學(xué)習(xí)，三十歲在社會(huì)上站穩(wěn)腳跟，四十歲遇事不迷惑，五十歲懂得“禮”，已具有對(duì)于社會(huì)的變化和人生的道路的應(yīng)變能力，六十歲聽人談話能明辨是非，七十歲順從心里所想的去做，不會(huì)越出規(guī)矩了?！?The Master said, At fifteen I set my heart

9、upon立志learning. At thirty, I had planted my feet firm upon立足the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexitiesn:困惑. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of Heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile: adj.溫順的 ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart; for what I desire

10、d no longer overstepped the boundaries of right.,五、子曰：“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，雖令不從。” 【今譯】孔子說：“在上位的人本身正派，不發(fā)命令，人民也會(huì)遵照去做；他本身不正派，雖然發(fā)布強(qiáng)制性命令，也不會(huì)服從?！?The Master said, If the ruler himself is upright: adj.直立的； 垂直的； 正直的 all will go well even though he does not give orders. But if he himself is not upright, even thoug

11、h he gives orders, they will not be obeyed.,六、子曰：“三人行，必有我?guī)熝伞衿渖普叨鴱闹?，其不善者而改之。?【今譯】孔子說:“如果三個(gè)人在一起走，其中必定有可以作為我的老師的人。選擇他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)處, 而跟從學(xué)習(xí)；看到有什么不好的地方, 就反省自己加以改正?！?The Master said, Even when walking in a party of no more than three I can always be certain of learning from those I am with. There will be good qu

12、alities優(yōu)點(diǎn)that I can select for imitation and bad ones that will teach me what requires correction反省in myself.,七、子曰：“出門如見大賓，使民如承大祭。己所不欲，勿施于人。在邦無怨，在家無怨?！?【今譯】孔子說：“出門辦事如同去接待貴賓，使喚百姓如同去進(jìn)行重大的祭祀，（都要認(rèn)真嚴(yán)肅。）自己不愿意要的，不要強(qiáng)加于別人；做到在諸侯的朝廷上沒人怨恨（自己）；在卿大夫的封地里也沒人怨恨（自己）?！?Confucius said，“When you go out of your home, beh

13、ave as is you were meeting important guests; when you are using the common peoples labor, behave as if you were conducting a solemn:adj.莊嚴(yán)的 sacrificial:adj.犧牲的ceremony. Do not impose:vt.強(qiáng)加;征稅on others what you do not desire yourself. Bear no grudge:n.不滿 against the state where you work; have no feel

14、ing of dissatisfaction when you stay at home.” impose vt. 把.加強(qiáng)(on)；采用，利用 The host country may impose foreign exchange control. 東道國(guó)則可能強(qiáng)行實(shí)施外匯管制。 Reality would impose the main lines of our policy. 我們的主要政策方針都將取決于現(xiàn)實(shí)。,八、子曰： “富與貴是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不處也。貧與賤是人之所惡也，不以其道，得之不去也。” 【今譯】孔子說： “富裕和顯貴是人人向往的，但不用正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ǖ玫?，不能接?/p>

15、。貧窮與卑賤是人人厭惡的，但不用正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?，有了也不能擺脫。” Confucius said， “Wealth and high position are desired by all men, but if they are not gained in the right way, they should not be accepted. Poverty and low position are hated by all men, but if they cannot be rid: vt.使擺脫,解除 if in the right way, they should not be given up.” get rid of的用法: escape from 擺脫 1）It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit. 去掉一種壞習(xí)慣是很不容易的。 2）I cant get rid of my cold. 我的感冒總不好。,九、子曰：“剛、毅、木、訥近仁?！?【今譯】