1、Reading Business English Journal Articles,Introduction 陳曦,1,U.S.-based Newspapers,The New York Times The Washington Post Los Angeles Times USA TODAY THE WALL STREET JOURNAL THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR INTERNATIONAL Herald Tribune,2,3,The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York Ci

2、ty and distributed internationally. It is owned by The New York Times Company, which publishes 18 other newspapers, including the International Herald Tribune. It is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States. Nicknamed the Gray Lady for its staid appearance and style, it is often regar

3、ded as a national newspaper of record, meaning that it is frequently relied upon as the authoritative reference for modern events.,4,5,The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated newspaper in Washington, D.C. It is also one of the citys oldest papers, having been founded in 1877. It is wi

4、dely considered to be one of the most important newspapers in the United States due to its particular emphasis on national politics. The Post has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government.,6,7,The Los A

5、ngeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California and distributed throughout the Western United States. The New York Times, The Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times are the largest newspapers in USA.,8,9,USA Today is a national American daily newsp

6、aper, which also publishes international edition. The paper has the widest circulation of any newspaper in the United States (averaging over 2.25 million copies every weekday), and among English-language broadsheets, it comes second world-wide, behind only the 2.6 million daily paid copies of The Ti

7、mes of India.USA Today is distributed in all 50 states.,10,11,The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an English-language international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company in New York City with Asian and European editions. It has a worldwide daily circulation of more than 2 million as of 2006,

8、 with 931,000 paying online subscribers. The Journal newspaper primarily covers U.S. and international business and financial news and issuesthe papers name comes from Wall Street, the street in New York City that is the heart of the financial district.,12,13,The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is a

9、n international newspaper published daily, Monday through Friday. The paper does not use wire services and instead relies largely on its own reporters in nineteen coutries around the world. Despite the name, the CSM is a newspaper that covers current events around the world. The paper does not attem

10、pt to evangelize.,14,15,International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. It combines the resources of its own correspondents with those of The New York Times and is printed at 33 sites throughout the world, for sale in more than 180 countries. The IHT is part o

11、f The New York Times Company. It has been based in Paris since its founding in 1887.,16,U.S.-based Magazines,TIME Newsweek U.S. News & World Report Fortune BusinessWeek Forbes,17,18,TIME is a weekly American newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report. A European edition is publis

12、hed from London. Time Europe covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. Time publishes simultaneously in Canada, with separate advertising. The South Pacific edition, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is b

13、ased in Sydney.,19,20,Newsweek is an American weekly newsmagazine published in New York City. It is distributed throughout the United States and internationally. It is the second largest news weekly magazine in the U.S., having trailed Time in circulation and advertising revenue for most of its exis

14、tence, although both are much larger than the third of Americas prominent weeklies, U.S. News & World Report. Newsweek is published in four English language editions and 12 global editions written in the language of the circulation region.,21,22,U.S. News & World Report is a weekly American newsmaga

15、zine. Along with Time and Newsweek, it is a leading American news weekly. The editorial staff of U.S.News & World Report is based in Washington, D.C., but the magazine is owned by U.S.News & World Report, L.P., which is based in the Daily News building in New York City. Conforming to the owners poli

16、tical point of view, it tends to be more conservative than its two primary competitors, Time and Newsweek.,23,24,Fortune is a global business magazine. Fortunes primary competitors in the national business magazine category are Forbes, which is also published bi-weekly, and BusinessWeek. The magazin

17、e is especially known for its annual features ranking companies by revenue.,25,26,BusinessWeek is a business magazine published by McGraw-Hill. Since 1988, BusinessWeek has published annual rankings of United States business school MBA programs. In 2006, it also started publishing annual rankings of

18、 undergraduate business programs.,27,28,Forbes is an American publishing and media company. Its flagship publication, Forbes magazine, is published bi-weekly. The magazine is well-known for its lists, including its lists of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400) and its list of billionaires. The mot

19、to of Forbes magazine is The Capitalist Tool.,29,British Newspapers & Magazines,THE TIMES FINANCIAL TIMES The Daily Telegraph The Economist,30,31,The Times is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785. It is traditionally a moderately centre-right newspaper and a supporte

20、r of the Conservatives. The newspaper was printed in broadsheet format for 200 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal to younger readers. In May 2006, it announced plans to launch a United States edition, which began publishing on June 6, 2006.,32,33,The Financial Times

21、(FT) is a British international business newspaper. It is a morning daily newspaper published in London. The FT has specialised in reporting business and financial news while maintaining an independent editorial outlook. On occasion it has attacked the financial policies of the British government. C

22、irculation of the FT is said to be one of the worlds highest among financial newspapers, second only to that of The Wall Street Journal,34,35,The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper, founded in 1855. Excepting the Financial Times, it is the only remaining daily newspaper printed on tra

23、ditional newsprint in the broadsheet format in the United Kingdom. In October 2007, the Telegraph was the highest selling British quality paper, with a certified average daily circulation of 882,413, compared with a circulation of 642,895 for The Times. According to a survey conducted in 2004, 61% o

24、f Telegraph readers support the Conservative Party.,36,37,The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. It targets educated readers and boasts an audience containing many influential executives and po

25、licy-makers. The Economists primary focus is world news, politics and business, but it also runs regular sections on science and technology as well as books and the arts. The Economist does not print by-lines identifying the authors of articles other than surveys and special by invitation contributi

26、on.,38,Wire Services,Wire service, or news agency, news service, is a news-gathering organization that distributes syndicated copy electronically to subscribers. Some major wire services in the world are AP, UPI, Reuters, PA, AFP and DPA.,39,The Associated Press (AP 美聯(lián)社 ), is an American news agency

27、. The AP is a cooperative owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staffers. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP

28、material without being contributive members of the cooperative. As of 2005, the APs news is published and republished by more than 1,700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5,000 television and radio broadcasters.,40,United Press International (UPI 合眾國(guó)際社 ) is a news agency headquartered in the Unit

29、ed States with roots dating back to 1907. UPIs content is presented in text, video and photo formats. Its news stories are filed in English, Spanish and Arabic.,41,Reuters (路透社 )Group Limited is a British based news service and financial market data provider that provides reports from around the wor

30、ld to newspapers and broadcasters. Its main focus was on supplying the financial markets with information and trading products. These included market data, such as share prices and currency rates, research and analytics, as well as trading systems.,42,The Press Association (報(bào)紙聯(lián)合社) is the national ne

31、ws agency of the United Kingdom, supplying news to almost all national and local newspapers, TV & radio as well as many websites. The PA produces 150 to 200 stories on weekdays.The choice of stories by the PA has a large impact on coverage in UK media. It is also considered a highly trusted source b

32、y organisations such as the BBC which treats it as a confirmed, single source.,43,Agence France-Presse (AFP 法新社) is the oldest news agency in the world, and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. It is also the largest French news agency. AFP is based in Paris, with regional cen

33、tres in Washington, Hong Kong, Nicosia尼科西亞(塞浦路斯首都), and Montevideo 蒙得維的亞(烏拉圭首都and bureaux in 110 countries. It transmits news in French, English, Arabic, Spanish, German, and Portuguese.,44,Deutsche Presse-Agentur GmbH (DPA 德新社) (German Press Agency) is a news agency founded in 1949 in Germany. Base

34、d in Hamburg, it has grown to be a major worldwide operation serving print media, radio, television, online, mobile phones and national news agencies. News is available in German, English, Spanish and Arabic. Deutsche Presse-Agentur GmbH (dpa) is the biggest Press Agency in Germany.,45,Structural El

35、ements of News,News is mainly composed of headline, lead and body. Sometimes a subtitle and a dateline are also parts of news. HeadlineThe head of a story, in newsmans jargon. SubtitleA phrase, sentence or several sentences near the title of an article or story.,46,A Yawning Trade Gap Could Swallow

36、The Recovery Stronger demand will lift imports as weakness aboard pummels exports Steaming The Chinese economy is growing at its fastest for years. Is it overheating? Another Bush, Another Jobless Recovery The jobs market look bleak and the presidents tax cut is unlikely to help,47,A dateline is a s

37、hort piece of text included in news articles that describes where and when the story was written or filed, though the date is often omitted. Datelines are traditionally placed on the first line of the text of the article, before the first sentence. A typical newspaper dateline might read: PARIS, Fra

38、nce, June 2 The outlook was uncertain today as . The same story if pulled from the Associated Press (AP) wire might appear as PARIS (AP) The outlook was uncertain today as .,48,The most important structural element of a story is the leadthe storys first, or leading, sentence. Writing a lead is an op

39、timization problem, in which the goal is to articulate the most encompassing and interesting statement that a writer can make in one sentence, given the material with which he or she has to work. While a rule of thumb says the lead should answer most or all of the 5 Ws, few leads can fit all of thes

40、e.,49,Article leads are sometimes categorized into hard leads and soft leads. A hard lead aims to provide a comprehensive thesis which tells the reader what the article will cover. A soft lead introduces the topic in a more creative, attention-seeking fashion.,50,Example Hard-Lead Design Humans will

41、 be going to the moon again. The NASA announcement came as the agency requested ten gazillion dollars of appropriations for the project. .,51,Example Soft-Lead Design NASA is proposing another space project. The agency, announced today, included a plan to send another person to the moon. This time t

42、he agency hopes to establish a long-term facility as a jumping-off point for other space adventures. The budget requests approximately ten gazillion dollars for the project. .,52,The lead is your promise to the reader. It must: Capture the essence of your story Encourage the reader to continue,53,Ne

43、ws Structure,Journalism instructors usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. The journalist top-loads the essential and most interesting elements of his or her story, with supporting information following in order of diminishing importance. This structur

44、e enables readers to quit reading at any point and still come away with the essence of a story.,54,The inverted pyramid form Introduction containing most important or most interesting information More facts Supporting information or background Quotes or more facts of lesser importance Minor detail L

45、east significant information,55,Example The New York Times ROME, Nov.8A provincial prosecutor, his driver and his bodyguard were machine-gunned to death on a country road south of here today by political terrorists, who also wounded one of their accomplices and later killed him. The killings called

46、into doubt statements by the Government that it had crippled terrorist organizations through arrests of key leaders.,56,Two leftist terrorist groups, Front Line and Fighting Formations for communism, both took responsibility for the killings. Both are related to the Red Brigades terrorist organizati

47、on. The official who was killed, Fedele Calvosa, 59 years old, was chief prosecutor for Frosinone, an area south of Rome, and was deputy prosecutor for Rome. He was on his way to work when his car was ambushed. The two other victims were Giuseppe Pagliel, 29, Mr. Calvosas bodyguard, and Luciano Ross

48、i, 24, his driver.,57,Types of Journalism,News 消息 Feature 特寫 Editorial & commentary 社論和評(píng)論 Advertisement Cartoon,58,News is any new information or information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience. News, the reporting of

49、 current information on television and radio, and in newspapers and magazines.,59,A feature story (also known as a feature article) is an article in a newspaper, a magazine, or a news website that is not meant to report breaking news, but to take an in-depth look at a subject. Features are often sig

50、nificantly longer than news articles, are more likely to be written from a personal perspective, and unlike news stories do not always deal with the events of the immediate past.,60,Editorials are opinion pieces, written by members of the editorial board of the paper. They reflect the stance of the

51、paper and, in English-language papers, usually do not have bylines. The commentaries (opinions) expressed on op-ed (opposite editorial專欄版,特寫稿版 ) pages reflect those of the individual authors, not the paper. The articles have bylines and are written by individual free-lance writers, guest opinion wri

52、ters, or columnists of the paper.,61,Language Characteristics of Economic News,Phrases related to names, places, departments and positions. More informal/daily used words than formal words. “According to” analysts/authoritative sources/AP reports/Commercial circle,62,In a thinly veiled reference to

53、China, finance ministers of the Group of 7 Industrialized Countries, meeting last weekend in Boca Raton, Florida, said that more flexibility in exchange rates is desirable for major countries or economic areas that lack such flexibility. The cap on holdings by a single overseas investor will be lift

54、ed to 20 percent from 15 percent as part of measures to help banks boost capital and sell shares to the public. Vs. Selling stakes in the four state-owned banks would cap a decade of government asset sales. Exports rose a year-on-year 29 percent to US$ 69.9 billion in the first two months and import

55、s jumped 42 percent to US$ 77.8 billion, according to the Ministry of Commerce Website.,63,Economic terminology Figure Long sentence German business sentiment remained near its 15-year high point in August, but confidence about the economys immediate outlook was overshadowed by concern about the imp

56、act next year of an increase in sales tax and a possible slowdown in exports.,64,Buoyed by record consumer spending and exports, the Thai economy is on tract to grow 6 percent this year, economists say. Following pressure from Rome for the countrys fragmented banking sector to consolidate to help wa

57、rd off foreign takeovers, Italys second-and third-largest banks said Thursday they might merge in a move that would create one of Europe biggest financial services companies.,65,Meanings of words vary in different contexts. Newly industrializing economies (NIEs) South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan ar

58、e expected to grow between 6 and 8 percent in 1996 and 1997. New Zealand said Wednesday that the unemployment rate rose to 4.6 percent in the fourth quarter, the first increase in more than a year, as more people looked for work and the economy added fewer jobs that the economy expected.,66,A separa

59、te statistics office report on Thursday confirmed that Europes biggest economy had expanded at its strongest rate in more than five years in the second quarter and a newspaper reported that the International Monetary Fund had raised its 2006 growth forecast to 2 percent. Businesses in October were the most optimistic about the economy since June 2002.,67,Learning Methods,Words related to business and finance Background information Readingfrom extensiv