1、定語從句的用法一、 定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。漢語中常用的表示。 定語主要由形容詞擔任。此外名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式（短語）、分詞也可以做定語。a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：漢語的定語無論多長都放在被修飾詞的前面，而英語中的定語則不然，是一個詞時，放在被修飾詞的前面， 若是兩個以上的詞組、短語或從句則放在被修飾詞的后面。thirty women teachers ; his father; falling leaves; fallen leaves the girl in red;the boy fr

2、om America; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother;Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.He is the man who you are looking for.二、定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語：1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who

3、, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why.1. I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that/which is red.2. I like some friends. Some friends like sports. I like friends who like sports.3. I like music. The music is quiet. I like music that/which is quiet.關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導定語從句，連接主從句；B、代替先行詞；C

4、、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。三、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句：1who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 2whom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷浴r. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho 來代替

5、，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3Which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷浴ootball is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 4That 即可指人，也可指物。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? The season that / which

6、comes after spring is summer.5Whose 即可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon b

7、e repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?四、限制性定語從句中只能用that 引導定語從句的情況：1當先行詞是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some，much等不定代詞時，或當先行詞受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much, each等不定代詞修飾時。如：Have you

8、 taken down everything that Mr. Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.All that can be done has been done. There is little/much that I can do for you.He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：Any man that / who

9、 has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 2當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.4當先行詞被the very, the only, the same, the last修飾時。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.After the fire in his h

10、ouse, the old car is the only thing that he owns.注意：當先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.5當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6當先行詞為人與物時。如：They talked about the persons an

11、d things that they remembered at school四、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句1 when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。當先行詞是表時間的名詞，比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定語從句中缺時間狀語時用when. 若先行詞是表時間的名詞，定語從句中缺主語或賓語時，用that/which引導。I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.I will never forget

12、 the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.2 where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。若先行詞是表地點的名詞，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定語從句中缺地點狀語時用where. 若先行詞是表地點的名詞，定語從句中缺主語或賓語時，用that/which引導。Shanghai is the city where I was born. The house where I lived ten year

13、s ago has been pulled down.Shanghai is the city (which/that) I want to visit.I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.3 why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。若先行詞是reason; 且定語從句中缺原因狀語時，用why引導。若先行詞是reason，定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用which/that引導。Please tell me

14、the reason why you missed the plane.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.I didnt believe the reason (that/which) he explained to me注意：關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country. Great changes are taking place in the c

15、ity where / in which they live. The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.五、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”引導的定語從句：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here t

16、he magazine (which / that) you asked for. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked

17、 about. Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意： 含有介詞的固定短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look

18、 for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （誤）若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用who

19、m，不可用who, that；關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (誤)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前

20、還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.Up to now, he ha

21、s written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 注意事項:如何判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞：方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的

22、顏色表示出。）（錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.（對） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代

23、詞/關(guān)系副詞。1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分：先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why

24、原因狀語) 。六、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“的”關(guān)系詞的使用上：A作賓語時可省略； B可用that ； C可用who 代替whom。非限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A不可省略； B不用that ； C不可用who 代替whom限制性定語從句舉例：The teacher told me that Tom was the

25、only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history.In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in

26、which many important meetings are held every year. 關(guān)系代詞as和which 引導的定語從句as 和which 引導非限制性定語從句時， 其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。1. as 和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如：He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很誠實， 這一點我們看得出來。2. as 引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。 w

27、hich 引導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。如：As is known to all, China is a developing country.He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.John, as you know, is a famous writer.Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.注意：當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：Tom

28、 was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.1. 當先行詞受such, so, the same 修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。 如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.注意：當

29、先行詞受the same 修飾時，偶爾也用 that引導定語從句，但與as引導的定語從句意思有區(qū)別。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.(三) 以the way為先行詞時，若定語從句中缺方式狀語，定語從句通常由in which或that引導，而且還可以省略。若定語從句中缺主語或賓語，用（that/which）引導定語從句。The way (that / in which ) he answered the ques

30、tions was surprising.I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. I dont like the way (that/which) he told me.做定語從句題一般分三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句點擊1. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.A. like B. as C. that D. which2. Ive never hea

31、rd so interesting a story _ you told me.A. as B. that C. of which D. about which3. Ive seen the same film _ you saw yesterday.A. that B. which C. as D. like4. Ill buy the same coat _ you wear.A. that B. which C. as D. like5. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. wh

32、ich I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is6. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What7. This is the first time _ he has been here.A. that B. when C. at which D. which8. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B

33、. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which答案與簡析：1. B。當先行詞被such修飾時，定語從句用as引導，即構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)為such+（a/an）形容詞名詞as引導的定語從句，意為.像.一樣的。整個句子意為：這些房屋以人們原來估計的那樣低的價格出售。2. A。由so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一題的解釋便可得知答案。as在定語從句中作賓語。整句意為：我從未聽說過像你告訴我那樣有趣的故事。3. A4. C。當先行詞被same修飾時，定語從句由that或as引

34、導，但意思不同。用that引導定語從句指同一物，而用as引導定語從句指同類事物。5. A。做此題的關(guān)鍵是要知道I think在定語從句中作插入語，做題時將其去掉便可容易得到答案。6. B。s在此引導非限制性定語從句，代表它所修飾的整個句子內(nèi)容，并且它可放在所修飾句子的前、中或后面。其常見結(jié)構(gòu)如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情況經(jīng)常是這樣）等。如選，則需將逗號改為that；如選D，則需將逗號改為is that。7. A。當先行詞為the first time, the last time等時，定語從句的引導詞用that而

35、不用when。8. A。當先行詞為way時，定語從句的引導詞用that或in which, 也可省略。定語從句1This is the best factory _we visited last year .A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. wh

36、ich of4.The man _has arrived .A. whom I told you B. that I told youC. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7.

37、 The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I s

38、tudy is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,_the largest is Taiwan .A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here .A. what B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house _door faces to the

39、 north .A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodded ?A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15.Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt .A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _I know .A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17.China has a lo

40、t of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _we visited last year ?A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _was there ?A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ?A. that B. which C. whos

41、e D. who21. I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress .A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult .A. in which B. which C. it D

42、. who24.It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which歷屆高考英語單項選擇題定語從句精選26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whos

43、e D.whose27.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that28.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom29.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.