1、閱讀托福：插入文章故障診斷技術(shù)，復(fù)習(xí)能力，1，了解相關(guān)句子和詞匯2，了解魚缸的邏輯順序，主題特性，Lookat the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be aae(you will see a sentence in bold)where would the sentence best fit？click on a to add the sentence to the passage。question:在TOEFL閱讀中，無(wú)論插入問(wèn)題是否出現(xiàn)在文章的那個(gè)位置，這種問(wèn)題為什么存在于總結(jié)問(wèn)題之前，倒數(shù)第二

2、個(gè)問(wèn)題的位置？ETS是一個(gè)很人性化的機(jī)構(gòu)。如果這種問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)在前幾個(gè)問(wèn)題的位置，選擇不當(dāng)會(huì)影響文章的理解度，并做出不同的問(wèn)題。插入的句子對(duì)文章本身有多大影響？和幾句話有關(guān)嗎？如果前后兩句都相關(guān)，去掉它會(huì)對(duì)文章產(chǎn)生更大的影響嗎？只要找到要插入的句子和前后句子的邏輯連接就行了。英語(yǔ)文章之間的銜接技術(shù)(cohesivedevices)，此類型重點(diǎn)考察英語(yǔ)文章之間的邏輯語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，即英語(yǔ)中的句子和句子是如何聯(lián)系在一起的。coheive devices，1 .代詞(Pronouns)具體包括人稱代詞、代詞和關(guān)系代詞等(personal，demonstrative，relative，etc)。在上文的銜接中，

3、代詞是最密切的一類詞。作者在再次提到上述文章相關(guān)主題時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，遵循了語(yǔ)言學(xué)最簡(jiǎn)單的原理。作者用代詞指代那個(gè)話題詞。范例：speakingaforeignoreignageisanenormalsasetthemodernworld . this is why somanyjuniorhighschoollsarenoufferinglanguageclasses . too定冠詞the名詞(specificarticles nouns)在賓語(yǔ)首次出現(xiàn)時(shí)連接到不定式a，在后句再次提到名詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則連接到定冠詞the，表示與前句的關(guān)系相同。例如：awomaniswalkingintourc

4、lassroom . thewomanisourteacher，coheive devices，3 .重復(fù)主題或同義詞替換的父文章和子連接可以通過(guò)重復(fù)主題單詞實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可以替換相關(guān)單詞。例如， tofosterheallthyrelationshipbetweenchildrenolassroom是teachersshouldprodeimforgameandfunactivities . havinghealthyrelations轉(zhuǎn)移語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)上面提到的三個(gè)文章之間的關(guān)系屬于隱性關(guān)系。的一部分。隱式關(guān)系通過(guò)上下句的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在我們要通過(guò)文章之間的顯性關(guān)系，即明確的邏輯連詞或副詞來(lái)反映文章

5、之間的關(guān)系。這些顯性關(guān)系詞包括以下類別：4.1小時(shí)關(guān)系then、next、later、finally、etc.4.2因果關(guān)系therefore、conequence、asatesult、etc.4.3過(guò)渡關(guān)系however、but、4.4解釋關(guān)系thatenis、inotherwords、etc.4.5示例關(guān)系for instance、for example peersandoldsiblingshaveamajorinfluenceonhowschoolchilders，故障排除步驟，4 steps S1:閱讀要插入的句子，查找銜接或代詞s23360，查找與段落中要插入的句子相匹配的邏輯句子

6、，或參考對(duì)象s:插入s:確定插入上下文邏輯關(guān)系是否合理，解決想法，想法1代名詞出現(xiàn)前的想法2連接詞轉(zhuǎn)換詞兩邊的想法從3個(gè)開(kāi)始不結(jié)束的總結(jié)，問(wèn)題解決想法，段落前的sugggig ging因?yàn)槊總€(gè)段落的中心都在第一句。改變第一句，就會(huì)改變句子的意思，Suggestion 2空后是代詞they，it，一般是不對(duì)的。代詞不能橫穿句子，所以在代詞前加一個(gè)句子，就會(huì)改變代詞的代詞對(duì)象。但是，一段有一個(gè)例外，例如只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。)Suggestion 3優(yōu)先考慮段落的最后一個(gè)空格。因?yàn)榉旁谧詈髮?duì)文章內(nèi)容的影響很小。)，example 1:ext finct but already fully marine c

7、etacean s are known from the fossil record。how was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged？缺少until recently were fossis cleally intermediate，or transitional，Between land mammals and cetaceans . very exchting disc veries have finethis is a question that has puzled scientists for

8、 ag Es。4 steps S1:閱讀要插入的句子，查找銜接或代詞s23360，查找與段落中要插入的句子相匹配的邏輯句子，或確定插入引用對(duì)象s :s :后上下文邏輯關(guān)系是否合理，Vocabulary，1 .extginct adj .(esp of a type of animal，etc) no longer in existence 2。bridge a gap :(a)fill an awkward or empty space；(b)reduce the distance(between widely contrsting groups)3。mammal : any of the c

9、lass of animals that give birth to live offpring and feed their young on milk from the breakst 4 .intermediate :(a)Situated or coming between two people，things，etc in time，space，degree，etc；(b)between elementary and advanced 5。transitional :過(guò)渡的6。reconstruct:construct or build again，after damagecreate

10、 again(sth that has existed or happened)by using evidence or imagination 7 . origin:starting-point；Source，example 23360，the raising of livec stock is a major economic activity in semi arid lands，Where grasses are general the dominandthe consequences of an exessive number of liveck grazing in an area

11、 are the red Uction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulver virtual izationthis is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated eros ion . this economic relance on livec stock in certain regions makes large tracts，4 steps S1:閱讀要插入的句子，查找銜接或代詞s23360與段落中要插入的句子相匹配的邏輯句子，或查找引用對(duì)象

12、s:插入s:以確定插入后上下文邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。vocalary，1 .raise : bringup (a child，etc)；breed(farm animals)；Grow or produce (crops) 2。liveck : animals kept on a farm for use or profit，eg cattle or sheep 3。arid : having little or no rainfall；Dry4。dominant : most important or prominent 5。vegetation : plants in general 6。co

13、nsequence : thing that is a result or an effect of sth e Lse 7。exessive : greater than what is normal or necessary；Extreme，8 .graze : (of cattle，sheep，Etc) eat growing grass 9。trample 3360 tread heaviry on sth/sbso as To cause damage or destruction 10 . pulver ize : grind or smash(sth)To powder or d

14、ust 11accelerate : make(sth)move faster or happen earrier；Increase the speed of 12 .relance : configdence or trust in sb/sth 13 . tract : large stretch or area of land 14 . susceptible : easily influenced or harmed by STTas master craft workers，They imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journal ymen . in addition，women often worked in theirafter 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factor ie S w