1、肺癌與肺結(jié)核的影像學(xué)診斷,肺癌分類,Lung cancer, bronchogenic carcinoma 病理分型：鱗、小、腺、大 臨床分型：中央型、周?chē)?、縱隔型,Squamous cell Ca,30-40%，generally central (70% hilar or perihilar in subsegmental or larger bronchi) strong association with cigarette smoking about 15% bronchogenic carcinomas are cavitary, and of these, nearly 60%

2、are squamous cell lesions, wall typically thick and nodular,intralumenal growth pattern- often resulting in distal atelectasis or post-obstructive pneumonitis (a non-infectious process). the lowest frequency of distant metastases, spreads to involve local nodes by direct extension the most favorable

3、 prognosis Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy,adenocarcinoma,as common as squamous cell carcinoma (30-40%). generally peripheral (75%) uncommonly cavitate commonly metastasizes early to lymph nodes, the pleura, adrenal glands, CNS, and bone.,Small cell Ca,15-20% of primary lung malignancies the strongest

4、 association with cigarette smoking the most likely to produce ectopic hormones- most commonly resulting in Cushings syndrome (ACTH) or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH),generally central (85-90% within a lobar or mainstem bronchi) and has a tendency to invade longitudinally alo

5、ng the bronchial wall, in a submucosal and intramural fashion Internal necrosis is common, but cavitation is extremely rare the worst prognosis, despite typically good response to initial chemotherapy,Large Cell Ca,only 5-10% strongly associated with cigarette smoking typically peripheral and genera

6、lly large (over 4 to 6 cm), with rapid growth, early metastases, and a poor prognosis,Pancoast tumor,apical density (superior pulmonary sulcus) destruction or adjacent rib or vertebra Horners syndrome pain in arm usually bronchogenic Ca (squamous type) also: mets, malignant neurogenic tumor,影像診斷,目的：

7、明確診斷，TNM分期 手段：X線平片、CT、MRI、PET等,T1: A tumor less than or equal to 3 cm in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus).,TUMOR,T2: A tumor with any of the following features:

8、 i) Larger than 3 cm in largest dimension,ii) Associated with atelectasis or post-obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region, but does not involve the entire lung,iii) Invades the visceral pleura,T3: A tumor of any size that directly invades any of the following: the chest wall (includ

9、ing superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina (but without involvement of the carina); or tumor associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung.,T4: A tumor of any size tha

10、t invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, carina; or any tumor with a malignant pleural or pericardial effusion; or with satellite tumor nodules within the ipsilateral primary-tumor lobe of the lung.,Regional Lymph Node Status (N),N1: Ipsi

11、lateral peribronchial or hilar nodal metastases; or intrapulmonary nodes involved by direct extension of the primary tumor. All N1 nodes lie distal to the mediastinal pleural reflection.,N2: Ipsilateral mediastinal and subcarinal lymph nodal metastases. Midline pre-vascular and retrotracheal nodes a

12、re considered ipsilateral 5, while nodes to the contralateral side of midline are considered N3,N3: Contralateral mediastinal or contralateral hilar nodal metastases; also includes ipsilateral or contralateral scalene or supraclavicular nodes. Other cervical nodes are classified M1,Distant Metastasi

13、s (M) M0: No distant metastasis M1: Distant metastasis present; or separate tumor nodules in the ipsilateral nonprimary-tumor lobes of the lung. Separate tumor nodules in the contralateral lung are considered M1 if they are of the same histologic cell type as the primary lesion. A contralateral lung tumor with a different cell type is considered a synchronous primary lesion and should be staged independently,原發(fā)肺結(jié)核,原發(fā)綜合征,支氣管淋巴結(jié)結(jié)核 tuberculosis of bro