1、RFID技術(shù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)定,大葉大學(xué)電機(jī)系 林漢年,Contents,Fundamental structure of RFID systems Organizations related to RFID standards Current RFID standards Trend of RFID standards development Spectrum Allocations for RFID systems Governmental Status in Taiwan,RFID 簡(jiǎn)介,Development of RFID Industry,1.傳統(tǒng)條碼,(1)國(guó)際編碼格式,(2)自用編碼格

2、式,39條碼 128條碼 EAN條碼 PDF417條碼 UPC條碼 二維條碼 ISBN碼與ISSN碼,RFID發(fā)展背景,RFID,EAN.UCC,EPCglobal,Auto-ID,UCC(統(tǒng)一編碼協(xié)會(huì))：總部位於美國(guó), UPC碼的發(fā)號(hào)機(jī)構(gòu)Uniform Code Council,EAN International (國(guó)際物品編碼協(xié)會(huì))：總部位於布魯塞爾 European Article Numbering,2.電子條碼,UCC,upc,EAN International,ean,1999麻省理工學(xué)院 技研所創(chuàng)立,EPC 產(chǎn)品電子碼,EPC系統(tǒng),Electronic Product Code,

3、總部位於美國(guó)波士頓,Radio Frequency Identification,3.傳統(tǒng)條碼與電子碼比較,(1)條碼：容易剝落、沾污、撕裂，影響讀取品質(zhì)。 電子碼：Reader與Tag間，以無(wú)線電波提高讀取品質(zhì)。 2.條碼：物品外觀必須印上或貼上條碼，才能識(shí)別。 電子碼：透過(guò)無(wú)線電波感應(yīng)傳輸，不需再物品外觀顯現(xiàn)。 3. 條碼：識(shí)別須藉由人力操作。 電子碼：識(shí)別不須人工操作，藉由系統(tǒng)完成管理作業(yè)。 4. 條碼：須分開讀取。 電子碼：在讀取範(fàn)圍就能識(shí)別，且可多筆同時(shí)讀取。,4.EPC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格,1.EPC標(biāo)籤資料規(guī)格1.1版：射頻標(biāo)籤資料編碼 2.900MHz Class 0 射頻識(shí)別標(biāo)籤介面規(guī)格

4、 3.13.56MHz ISM頻譜 Class 1射頻識(shí)別標(biāo)籤介面規(guī)格 4.860-930MHz Class 1射頻識(shí)別標(biāo)籤介面規(guī)格 5.讀碼器協(xié)定 6.Savant伺服器規(guī)格 7.PML(Physical Markup Language)實(shí)體標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言核心規(guī)格 8.物件名稱服務(wù)系統(tǒng)規(guī)格,5.EPC編碼結(jié)構(gòu),1.操作頻段及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,RFID技術(shù)特性,135kHz 、 13.56MHz 、 433.92MHz 、 860930MHz 、 2.45GHz 、 5.8GHz,2.RFID系統(tǒng)分類,3.RFID訊號(hào)處理,讀取器(Reader)與標(biāo)籤(Tag)間之能量感應(yīng)方式： 感應(yīng)耦合(Inductiv

5、e Coupling) 適用低頻RFID系統(tǒng) 後向散射耦合(Backscatter Coupling) 適用高頻RFID系統(tǒng) 例如目前UHF頻段運(yùn)作之EPC標(biāo)準(zhǔn),4.標(biāo)籤基本構(gòu)造及分類,被動(dòng)式標(biāo)籤具有AC to DC電路， 將讀取器發(fā)射之射頻訊號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)成DC 電源，經(jīng)大電容儲(chǔ)存能量，再經(jīng) 穩(wěn)壓電路提供穩(wěn)定的電源。,5.讀取器,一個(gè)讀取器可讀取多個(gè)不同標(biāo)籤。 讀取器在於傳送資料和能量，然後激化標(biāo)籤並讀取標(biāo)籤資料。 讀取器激化標(biāo)籤程序： 讀取器由系統(tǒng)頻率產(chǎn)生器產(chǎn)生工作頻率，接著微處理器產(chǎn)生 要送至標(biāo)籤的訊號(hào)給調(diào)變電路，調(diào)變電路把訊號(hào)調(diào)變成載波 ，送給射頻功率晶體，最後由天線將無(wú)線信號(hào)發(fā)給標(biāo)籤。 天線接

6、收標(biāo)籤所回覆的資料後，傳送至接收器解碼後，再送 至上層的控制器，由控制器將解碼後的資料傳給資料庫(kù)及電 腦等外部裝置，若屬加密的系統(tǒng)，也一併作加解密處理。,RFID系統(tǒng)架構(gòu),EPCglobal Principles,Committed to working with other associations and standards bodies (example: ISO, IETF) Neutral and not for profit Committed to royalty free, open standards Linked to top class research Seven Au

7、to ID Labs,EPCglobal Organization,Adoption Phase,EPCglobal Standards,Gen2 progress in ISO, Gen 2 submitted to ISO process (SC31) in Jan 05 3-months ballot on Proposed Draft Amendment successfully completed: 20 positive votes, 1 abstention 174 comments resolved on 7 June 2005; large majority of comme

8、nts are purely editorial, others are minor technical changes Next steps: By Nov 05: Incorporate comments and new vote (4 months) By Feb 06: Final draft and final vote (2 months) March 2006: Gen 2 available as ISO/IEC 18000-6c,Organizations related RFID standards,JTC 1/SC 31 Automatic Identification

9、and Data Capture Techniques JTC 1/SC 17 Identification Cards and related devices ISO TC 104 / SC 4 Identification and communication ISO TC 23 / SC 19 Agricultural electronics CEN TC 278 Road Transport and Traffic Telematics CEN/TC 23/SC 3/WG 3 Transportable Gas Cylinders - Operational Requirements -

10、 Identification of cylinders and contents ISO/TC204 Transport Information and Control Systems ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ERO European Radiocommunications Office ANSI American National Standards Institute,ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4/SG 3 RFID for Item Management Air Interface (

11、ISO 18000) ISO/IEC 18000-1 - Generic parameters - Air interface ISO/IEC 18000-2 - Parameters for air interface below 135 kHz ISO/IEC 18000-3 - Parameters for air interface at 13.56 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-4 - Parameters for air interface at 2.45 GHz ISO/IEC 18000-6 - Parameters for air interface at 860-96

12、0 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-7 - Parameters for active air interface at 433.92 MHz,Technical StandardsRadio Frequency Identification (RFID),Data Content StandardsISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 2 Part 2: Registration procedures; Part 3: Common rules; Part 4: Unique Item identification for supply chain management; Uni

13、que identification - Part 5: Returnable transport items; ISO/IEC 15961 - Data protocol: Application interface ISO/IEC 15962 - Protocol: Data encoding rules and logical memory functions ISO/IEC 15963 - Unique ID of RF Tag,ISO/IEC 18046 - RFID Device Performance Test Methods ISO/IEC 18047 - RFID Devic

14、e Conformance Test Methods Part 2 - 135 kHz Part 3 - 13.56 MHz Part 4 - 2.45 GHz Part 6 - 860-960 MHz Part 7 - 433 MHz,Conformance StandardsRadio Frequency Identification (RFID)ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 3/SG 1,Application StandardsRadio Frequency Identification - Open Standards,ISO 10374 - Freight cont

15、ainers Automatic identification ISO 18185 - Freight Containers - Radio-frequency communication protocol for electronic seal ISO 11784 Radio-Frequency Identification of Animals - Code Structure ISO 11785 Radio-Frequency Identification of Animals - Technical Concept ISO 14223-1 Radio-Frequency Identif

16、ication of Animals - Advanced Transponders - Part 1: Air Interface ISO 21007-1 Gas Cylinders - Identification and Marking Using Radio Frequency Identification Technology - Part 1: Reference Architecture and Terminology ISO 21007-2 Gas Cylinders - Identification and Marking Using Radio Frequency Iden

17、tification Technology - Part 2: Numbering Schemes for Radio Frequency ANSI MH10.8.4 - RFID for Returnable Containers AIAG B-11 - Tire & Wheel Identification Standard ISO 122/104 JWG - Supply Chain Applications of RFID ISO 17363 - Freight containers ISO 17364 - Returnable transport items ISO 17365 -

18、Transport units ISO 17366 - Product packaging ISO 17367 - Product tagging,RFID Experts Group,Formed in February 2004 to assist DoD with RFID implementation Under the AIM Global umbrella in July 2004 Reaching out for international cooperation Europe Japan Korea China,RFID應(yīng)用頻率,已分配使用,1. RFID頻譜配置,MHz,RF

19、ID(UHF BAND)與GSM 900鄰頻干擾之探討,各國(guó)開放供RFID使用之UHF頻段,93.6.21大部同意開放922928MHz頻段供無(wú)線射頻辨識(shí)系統(tǒng)(RFID)使用,2005 EPCglobal TAIWAN Current Government Project,Governments Strategy And Action Solution,Promoting Pilot Applications in Public Fields to Drive the Industrial Development Promoting Integrated Pilot Application Projects in Public Fields Setting up a Regulations Environment Proceeding Revision or Explanation of Regulations Related to RFID Application: Food Hygiene Management Laws. Medicinal Affairs Laws., Waste Elimination Disposal Laws Creating Protection Rules for Privacy,Taiwan RFID Roadm