1、International Conference,1,What are the basic steps in attending a conference? What is often included in an abstract? How to give a presentation in a conference?,2,1. Different Kinds of International Meeting Conference Congress Convention Forum Seminar Symposium simpuzim workshop,3,basic steps 1 Cal

2、l for papers 2. Abstracts 3. Invitations 4. Attending conferences 5. Agenda (see pdf.),4,1 Call for papers Format of call for conference papers Theme and/or background Conference objectives Topics to be discussed Time and venue Papers and submissions Organizing institution and committee Contact info

3、rmation,5,2. Abstracts An abstract is the brief summery of the research article that tells the readers the purpose of the research, methods used, results and findings, conclusions and recommendations. Structure A typical abstracts usually includes: the research focus (i.e. statement of the problem(s

4、)/research issue(s) addressed); the research methods used (experimental research, case studies, questionnaires, etc.); the results/findings of the research; and the main conclusions and recommendations You will learn some commonly required formats from the following instructions for abstracts to be

5、submitted to an international conference.,6,Related Words,Opening ceremony, Closing ceremony keynote speech 主題發(fā)言 plenary session 全體會(huì)議 Poster session 論文展示 Panel session 專題討論會(huì) Discussion/ Question for example:Im going to talk about.This morning I want to explain Present an outline of your talk; for ex

6、ample:I will concentrate on the following points: First of allThenThis will lead to And finally,18,The Body,Present your main points one by one in logical order. Pause at the end of each point (give people time to take notes, or time to think about what you are saying). Make it absolutely clear when

7、 you move to another point. For example:The next point is that .,19,Use clear examples to illustrate your points. Use visual aids to make your presentation more interesting.,20,The Conclusion,It is very important to leave your audience with a clear summary of everything you have covered. Make it obv

8、ious that you have reached the end of the presentation.,21,Summarize the main points again, using phrases like: To sum up., So, in conclusion.OK, to recap the main points Restate the purpose of your talk, and say that you have achieved your aim: I think you can now see that. My intention was ., and

9、it should now be clear that . Thank the audience, and invite questions:Thank you. Are there any questions?,22,Delivering your presentation,Talk to your audience, dont read to them! A presentation is not the same as an essay. If you read out your presentation as if it were an essay, your audience wil

10、l probably understand very little and will lose concentration quickly. So use notes, cue cards or overheads as prompts, and speak to the audience. Include everyone by looking at them and maintaining eye-contact (but dont stare or glare at people).,23,Watch your language!,Keep it simple. The aim is t

11、o communicate, not to show off your vocabulary. Emphasize the key pointsand make sure people realize which are the key points. Repeat them using different phrasing. Check the pronunciation of difficult, unusual, or foreign words beforehand.,24,Use your voice to communicate clearly,Speak loudly enoug

12、h for everyone in the room to hear you.This may feel uncomfortably loud at first, but if people cant hear you, they wont listen. Speak slowly and clearly.Dont rush! Speaking fast doesnt make you seem smarter, it will only make it harder for other people to understand you.,25,Key words are important.

13、 Speak them out slowly and loudly. Vary your voice quality. If you always use the same volume and pitch (for example, all loud, or all soft, or in a monotone) your audience will switch off.,26,When you begin a new point, use a higher pitch and volume. Slow down for key points. Use pausesdont be afra

14、id of short periods of silence. (They give you a chance to gather your thoughts, and your audience a chance to think.),27,Use your body to communicate, too!,Stand straight and comfortably. Do not slouch or shuffle about. Hold your head up. Look around and make eye-contact with people in the audience

15、. Do not just address the lecturer! Do not stare at a point on the carpet or the wall. If you dont include the audience, they wont listen to you.,28,When you are talking to your friends, you naturally use your hands, your facial expression, and your body to add to your communication. Do it in your p

16、resentation as well. It will make things far more interesting for the audience. Dont turn your back on the audience!,29,Interact with the audience,Be aware of how your audience is reacting.Are they interested or bored? If they look confused, ask them why.Stop if necessary and explain a point again.

17、Check if the audience is still with you.Does that make sense?Is that clear?,30,Be open to questions.If someone raises a hand, or asks a question in the middle of your talk, answer it. If you cant answer it, turn the question back out to the audience and let someone else answer it!Questions are good.

18、 They show that the audience is listening with interest.,31,Be ready to get the discussion going after your presentation. Just in case nobody has anything to say, have some provocative questions or points for discussion ready to ask the group.,32,Using visual aids,It is very helpful to use visual ai

19、ds in your presentation, as it helps people to understand. People learn visually as well as orally. Particularly if your accent is different from your audiences accent, it can be very helpful to let them see your keywords.,33,Be careful to:,Use bold typeface, and a minimum of size 16 font Check that

20、 your overheads are readable by placing them beside you on the floor and looking down at them. Can you read them? Use no more than seven or eight main points on an overhead,34,Give your audience time to take notes from your overhead Make sure your audience can see the overhead screen Where are you s

21、tanding? Is it directly in front of the screen? Using color, pictures and graphs can make your overheads more interesting But dont overcrowd your overheads with too much detail,35,PowerPoint,You can use PowerPoint software to produce very professional overheads, or to make a computer-based presentat

22、ion.,36,Sometimes students are tempted to spend more time on producing PowerPoint graphics than on the actual talk. Rememberif your talk is poor, no amount of fancy graphics will save it!,37,More Tips and Techniques For Great Presentations,38,Remember:,If you have handouts, do not read straight from

23、 them. Do not put both hands in your pockets for long periods of time. Do not wave a pointer around in the air like a wild knight branding a sword to slay a dragon.,39,Do not lean on the podium for long periods. Speak to the audience Also, do not stand between the visual aid and the audience.,40,Oth

24、er tips:,Learn the name of each participant as quickly as possible. Call them by their names when necessary. Tell them what name and title you prefer to be called. Listen intently to comments and opinions.,41,List and discuss your objectives at the beginning of the presentation. Consider the time of

25、 day and how long you have got for your talk. Using a flip chart or other visual aids also adds to the time. Remember - it is better to finish slightly early than to overrun.,42,Chapter I. Beginning the Speech,43,Opening Remarks開場(chǎng)：,1) Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introducti

26、on. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about on this session of our symposium.,44,2) Ladies and gentleman. Its an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience. 3) Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few

27、 words about my own background.,45,4) Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind introduction. President, Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! Its an honor to have the opportunity to give my presentation here. 5) Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to b

28、e with you today. I am here to talk to you about,46,6) Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question. By a show of hands, how many of you own a car?,47,Expressing thanks to the Chairperson 向主持人致謝,Mr. Chairman,

29、 thank you for your introduction. First, I would like to thank Mr. Chairman for his gracious introduction. Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction. I would like to thank Dr. Huang （主持人或推薦你來(lái)發(fā)言的上司）for permitting me the privilege to speak to this audience.,48,Forms of Addres

30、s and Greetings對(duì)聽眾的稱呼,Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! Members of the conference!,50,Expressing Pleasure and Honor 向聽眾致意,I am very happy/glad/pleased to be here in Hong Kong. I am honored/privileged to be here (with you this afternoon). I am proud to be here on this spec

31、ial occasion.,51,Its a very great pleasure for me to be able to attend this conference. I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about on this session of our symposium/ at this conference.,52,Others 細(xì)節(jié)，如確認(rèn)話筒音量,Can you hear me all right? Is my voice too loud? Is my voice loud enough?,53,Refer

32、ence to the Audience 與聽眾呼應(yīng),I can see many of you are from department. I know many of you are familiar with this topic. You all look as though youve heard this before. I understand that youve all traveled a long way./ After hours of conference, you must feel a little tired. Now Id like you to see an

33、interesting topic,54,II. Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation 引入話題,55,Background Information,I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery. I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides. I should like to preface my remarks with

34、 a description of the basic idea.,56,The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture. The first point Id like to make is the historical background of the invention.,57,Topic,I would like to concentrate on the problem Of antibiotic abuse in hospital

35、s. I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in civil engineering. My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova(超新星).,58,In my presentation this morning, Ill limit myself to three major points only. Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this pro

36、blem.,59,Outlining,My talk today consists of two parts. One is. and the other is. Ive divided my presentation into four parts. I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with, the second part concerns .,60,My presentation will be given in four parts. The first part deals wit

37、h . The second part relates to. The third part concerns . And the last part discusses,61,Purpose/Objective,The purpose of this presentation is to. This talk is designed to,62,Comprehensive Samples,Sample 1 Thank you, Mr. Chairperson, Mr. Director-General, distinguished members of the ILOs Governing

38、Body and friends. I welcome this opportunity to be here today, with an Organization which in many ways belongs to all of us workers. I can think of, in fact, no other international body that one can claim as ones own so unambiguously.,63,I have also had a longstanding formal association with the ILO

39、 (International Labor Organization). Many of my early pieces on women and technological change and on land rights were published by the ILO, as well as was the work of many other scholars. It is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this important Symposium.,64,The canvas of the Symposium is ver

40、y large. I will focus on two aspects of genderinequality that centrally effect millions of women as workers but perhaps have failed to receive the attention they deserve. First, the gender gap in command over property and Productive assets and, second, gender biased social perceptions and social nor

41、ms ,65,Sample 2,I learned last May that you have to be careful in speaking to a group of professional communicators. After I conducted a writer s workshop at the Toronto Conference of the International Association of Business Communicators, Janine Lichaczwrote asked me to speak here tonight and used

42、 the communication techniques I had recommended.,66,She even included a footnote citing my lecture. I am susceptible to good communication and to flattery so I am pleased to be with you to discuss your topic for the evening, the use of language in the art of speech writing. I suppose we must begin b

43、y shaking our heads, woefully, over the sad state of language today,67,whether in formal speeches, casual conversation, or in writing. Most of us in this room no doubt agree with the generally negative tone of Time Magazines year-end assessment which claims “our language has been besieged by vulgari

44、ties”. But to preserve our sanity as professionals in communication of us would probably join Time in optimistically expecting English somehow to survive and even to prosper.,68,Chapter II Developing the Speech,69,I. Announcing the Beginning of the Speech Text,To begin with, I would like to talk abo

45、ut a principle. I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures. The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I11 use in my presentation.,70,II. Shifting to the Next Main Point,Well, lets move on to the next point. We will now come to the second p

46、roblem. Turning to the next question, I 11 talk about the stages of the procedure. As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let s turn our attention to the third topic.,71,So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results. Now, lets move awa

47、y from the first part and switch over to the next part of mypresentation.,72,Thats all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review. Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem. The next point Id like to talk about is the feasibility of this project. That brings me t

48、o my second point.,73,III. Resuming the Topic,Let s come back to what I said in the first part of my speech. Getting back to the subject of the problem of theoretical considerations we can find that. I want to return to the first part of my presentation.,74,Now, to get back to the effect of temperat

49、ure, you may be aware that the problems have been solved. This brings me back to the question of security. At this point I would like to refer again to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture.,75,Referring again to the first question, I think. Referring to the Coming Point Ill deal w

50、ith it later. I 11 touch upon that point in a moment. I shall tell you in detail shortly.,76,IV. Introducing the Supporting Materials,I think this part is the most difficult, so Ill explain it in greater detail. I think this part of my paper is most important, so I plan to spend more time on it. Ple

51、ase allow me to deal with this matter more extensively.,77,Being the most important part of my presentation, I will elaborate on it with more slides. Indicating the Points Briefly Limited by the time available, I can only give you a very brief account of this matter.,78,I dont think that I should de

52、scribe the methods in detail, because they are included in the handout. I will not go into detail on it. This point has been talked about repeatedly in this symposium, so I am not going to spend too much time on it.,79,I shall not go over all these explanations. My time is running short. So Ill be b

53、rief. It is sufficient to say that these experiments were poorly designed and without controls. I ll expand this topic with drawings and figures. Lets go through the following points very rapidly. I just want to outline for you what I experienced in using this new drug.,80,V. Repairing a Slip of Ton

54、e,The first of such experiments began in 2000, rather than 1999. May I have the lights, I mean the slides. The temperature increased, I shall say decreased. The population is 13 million, sorry, 31 million.,81,The exchange rate dropped from 2.5 to 1.8, I beg your pardon, 1.9. As you can see from the

55、first row, excuse me, the second row, that the output increased two fold.,82,VI. Expressions Concerning Audio-Visual Aids,Could we have the lights off? And the first slide, please. Lights off, first slide, please. Dim the lights, and first slide, please. The slide is not so clear. Please darken the

56、room a little more. Could you please turn on the lights, please?,83,Now, we can have the lights on. Please switch on the lights. Lights on, please. I apologize that this slide is not so clear, but I hope you can still make out the general idea. Sorry for the small print. Im sorry we left a figure ou

57、t here,84,VI. Explaining the Contents on the Slides,This slide demonstrates . On this slide, you can see. This curve in this slide shows. This figure in this slide exhibits. This table on this slide presents. This diagram on this slide depicts. This chart on this slide displaces . The picture on this slide shows .,85,The photomicrograph on this slide shows . The flow-chart on this slide points out. The circuit diagram on this slide represents. Indicating the Sources of the Content in a This figure is taken from., by Dr. Li. This diagram is after that of Prof. Wang with some modification,86,VI