1、高考動詞時態(tài)專項復習,楊艷菊 30/06, 2007,所謂動詞時態(tài),是指謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間和狀態(tài). 動作發(fā)生的時間有過去, 現(xiàn)在和將來; 動作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)有一般性,進行性和完成性.由此構成英語中16種不同時態(tài),如上表所示: 中學階段我們主要接觸到9種時態(tài) (紅色和綠色所示) , 重點考察5種(紅色所示)掌握時態(tài)的用法, 應從以下幾點入手: 定義: 很多同學往往忽視這一點, 其實這恰恰是掌握時態(tài)用法的根本, 它定義的正是一個時態(tài)的應用范圍. 2)謂語構成 3)時間狀語 4)一般用法 5)特殊用法 6) 相關時態(tài)的區(qū)別,.一般現(xiàn)在時: 一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在經常反復發(fā)生的動作, 存在的狀態(tài)或

2、習慣性的動作. 時間狀語: usually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally,seldom, on Sundays,at present ,nowadays, these days, at the moment 一般用法: 1.經常性或習慣性的動作 I go to work on foot every day. We always help each other. 2.現(xiàn)在的特征，狀態(tài) 及能力 He loves sports. The coat fits you wel

3、l. 3. 普遍真理, 格言警句 Light travels faster than sound. Practice makes perfect.,特殊用法 1.某些表示動作起止的動詞, 可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一個按計劃, 規(guī)定, 安排要發(fā)生的事.如begin, be, come, go , leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, take off, close, fall, meet, stay, take place, happen 等 Eg. Tomorrow is Monday. When does the plane ta

4、ke off? 2.在時間狀語從句, 條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中, 用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 If it rains tomorrow, well put off the sports meeting. I need one more stamp before my collection is completed. Even if he doesnt come this Sunday,Ill go fishing by myself.,3.特殊句型 Here/There comes our teacher.(一般現(xiàn)在時表正在發(fā)生的動作) It is +時間段+since. It is /h

5、as been five years since I moved here. .現(xiàn)在進行時: 表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進行的動作. 時間狀語:now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays, at present 一般用法:1. 說話時正發(fā)生或正進行的動作 Im giving a lecture. 2. 現(xiàn)階段正在進行而此刻不一定正在進行的動作 Im reading a novel these days. ( but I am not reading it now.) 特殊用法:1.表示一個最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作, 限于表 示來去, 開始, 結束, 離

6、開， 到達等瞬間意義的動詞,Were leaving on Friday. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I am taking my mom 2.在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來正在進行的動作 Dont mention this when you are talking with him . If she is sleeping , dont wake her up. 3.現(xiàn)在進行時與always, continually, constantly, all the time等副詞連用表示反復或習慣性的動作,含有某種感情色彩, 如

7、贊揚, 遺憾, 討厭,不滿等. He is always coming late. (不滿) Youre always thinking of others.(贊揚) How are you feeling today? (比How do you feel today?更為親切),與一般現(xiàn)在時相比, 現(xiàn)在進行時強調的是情況的暫時性, 而非長期的 習慣性的動作或情況. Where does he work?(長期的固定的工作) Where is he working?(暫時性的 可能剛換了工作) You are being a good girl to day.(今天你很乖哦) 表示心理狀態(tài),

8、情感的動詞love, hate, please 表存在狀態(tài)的動詞 appear, exist, lie, be , have , belong to , date from表感官的動詞see, hear, notice, smell, taste, look不宜用進行時 一般將來時: 表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),或將來某段時間內經常的動作與狀態(tài). 時間狀語:tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future, in +時間段 一般用法:1.將來的動作或狀態(tài) I shall go shopping this afternoon./ He will b

9、e back in a week.,2.將來經常發(fā)生的動作 In a few years time, most people will go to work be car. 特殊用法:一般將來時可用來表示一種傾向或習慣性動作. eg. Oil will float on water./Crops will die without water. Whenever he has time, he will come and see me . 其否定式表示“不能 沒法” The machine wont work.(機器沒法開動) This play wont act. (戲劇沒法上演) be go

10、ing to do ,be to do , will /shall do 的區(qū)別 前兩者都可表示按計劃, 安排做某事.be to do 還可表命令,意愿或征求對方意見. Will/shall do則側重臨時的打算. Are we to go on with the work?= Shall we ? If you are to be there on time, (意愿) -you have left the light on . -Oh, sorry. Ill go and turn it off.(被告知前無打算),.一般過去時: 表示過去某一時刻或某段時間內發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).(包括

11、習慣性動作) 時間狀語:yesterday, last week, ago, later, in 1980 一般用法:(定義) I had supper at 6:30. I wasnt at home last night. My father often took me to visit my grandpa when he was alive. 特殊用法: 1.在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句 中過去將來的動作 He said he would come if he was not busy. 2. 有些情況發(fā)生的時間不很清楚(無明確時間狀語), 但實際是過去發(fā)生的. I wa

12、s glad to get your letter. What did you say? What was the final score?,3. 特殊句型; Its time that did/was/were. 4.有時過去時態(tài)只表示委婉的語氣 Did you want to see me? Could you help me? .現(xiàn)在完成時: 表示動作在過去已經完成, 但對現(xiàn)在仍有影響. 時間狀語:already, yet, before, just, ever, lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , for ,

13、 since 基本用法1. 不帶時間狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時表示說話之前動作已經完成, 而后果和影響至今存在. I have seen the film many times. The city has taken on a new look. 2.到現(xiàn)在為止這一時期中發(fā)生的情況(可能是多次動作的總和, 也可表示狀態(tài)和習慣性的動作) How many pages have covered today? She has done a lot of work for us. He has been ill for a week.,3.表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) The conference has last

14、ed five days. 4.在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經完成的動作 When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then. 這里的現(xiàn)在完成時強調從句動作在主句動作之前完成, 如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生, 則不必用完成時 .試比較: Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. She will call y

15、ou when she gets home. 5.特殊句型: Its the first time that have/has done. It has been/is + 時間段 +since . This is the best film that I have ever seen. 6.短暫性動詞的完成時不與時間段連用, 如需連用可轉化成相應的,延續(xù)性動詞, 如diebe dead , leavebe away , come back be back , fall in love with -be in love with , marrybe married to , join be a

16、 member of /be in He has died . 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別： 一般過去時表示在過去某個時間內發(fā)生的動作，而現(xiàn)在完成時講的是迄今為止的這一段時間的情況，一個影響現(xiàn)狀的動作，無論從時間上，后果上和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來了 ？（現(xiàn)在是否在這里？） ？（剛才在嗎？） （可能找到了） （還沒找著） 過去進行時：表示過去某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作 時間狀語：，,， 一般用法：1.過去某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作 The teacher came in when they were talking. He was reading while she was watching TV.

17、 2.與 always, continually, constantly, all the time等副詞連用表示反復或習慣性的動作,含有某種感情色彩, 如贊揚, 遺憾, 討厭,不滿等（同現(xiàn)在進行時） 特殊用法：Hope, want, wonder等的過去進行時用來提出請求，表示委婉的語氣，實際表示現(xiàn)在的情況 I was hoping you could send me some money stamps.( I hope) e, go , plan , expect, hope, intend, look forward to 等,詞可用進行時表達本來打算做實際沒做成的事 He was ex

18、pecting to finish the work last month , but the machine went wrong. 3.在口語中過去進行時可表示最近剛剛過去的事情 _What did you say? -I was asking what you thought of it. .過去完成時：過去某時之前業(yè)已發(fā)生的動作或情況（過去的過去） 時間狀語：before, after, once, until, by then end of +過去時間 用法：（定義）By the end of last year , they had treated 30, 000 patients

19、. They had finished all the work before dusk.,We congratulated them on the success they had achieved. 2.表希望, 打算的詞如hope, expect, intend, plan, mean, want, think , suppose可用過去完成時表示本打算/希望做而沒做到的事. I had hoped to visit Mount Tai last summer, but I was too busy.(也可表達為hoped to have visited/ was hoping to v

20、isit) 3.句型: No sooner had +主語 +done than +主語+ did Hardly/Scarcely had +主語+ done when +主語+ did. 及某些虛擬語氣句式. 用過去完成時有一個重要前提, 既兩個動作發(fā)生在不同時間, 先發(fā)生的用完成時, 但如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生, 則可都用一般過去時. After we said goodbye to our friends, we left the village. Just before I left America, I sent them a telegram. When he entered the room, he foun